2013 Edition of the OECD Environmental Database : Data for Korea

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2013 Edition of the OECD Environmental Database : Data for Korea

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Country	Korea
Time	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Time
Environmental indicator
Agricultural production	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Index of agricultural production, Index Number (2004-2006 = 100)	80	79	87	88	88	92	97	99	98	103	104	104	100	98	99	100	101	101	106	108	102	..
Index of crop production, Index Number (2004-2006 = 100)	92	89	93	92	91	97	99	99	95	100	105	107	99	93	101	100	99	97	102	104	93	..
Index of livestock production, Index Number (2004-2006 = 100)	62	64	77	81	84	86	93	98	101	106	101	99	103	105	97	99	104	108	111	114	115	..
Agricultural land use	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural land area [TOTAL], Hectares	2 199 000	2 181 000	2 158 000	2 131 000	2 099 000	2 051 000	2 008 000	1 987 000	1 966 786	1 952 708	1 940 635	1 926 509	1 910 765	1 892 540	1 880 718	1 868 039	1 842 470	1 822 579	1 799 795	1 798 795	..	..
Area of arable and permanent cropland, Hectares	2 109 000	2 091 000	2 070 000	2 055 000	2 033 000	1 985 000	1 945 000	1 924 000	1 910 000	1 898 925	1 888 765	1 876 142	1 862 622	1 846 000	1 836 000	1 824 000	1 800 000	1 782 000	1 759 000	1 737 000	1 715 000	..
Area of permanent pasture, Hectares	90 000	90 000	88 000	76 000	69 000	66 000	63 000	63 000	56 705	53 783	51 870	50 367	48 143	46 546	45 084	44 000	42 000	41 000	41 000	40 000	39 400	..
Area of other land, Hectares	0	0	0	0	..	0	0	0	81	0	0	0	0	..	..	39	470	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural land area - shares [TOTAL=100],	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of arable and permanent cropland in agricultural land area, %	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.4	96.9	96.8	96.9	96.8	97.1	97.2	97.3	97.4	97.5	97.5	97.6	97.6	97.7	97.8	97.7	96.6	..	..
Share of permanent pasture in agricultural land area, %	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.2	..	..
Share of other land in agricultural land area, %	0	0	0	0	..	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	..	..	0	0	..	..	..	..	..
National land area, Hectares	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 873 000	9 674 000	9 679 000	9 680 000	9 682 000	9 685 000	9 688 000	9 692 000	9 692 000	9 692 000	..	..
Share of agricultural land area in the national land area, %	22.3	22.1	21.9	21.6	21.3	20.8	20.3	20.1	19.9	19.8	19.7	19.9	19.7	19.6	19.4	19.3	19	18.8	18.6	18.6	..	..
Organic farming	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural land area under certified organic farm management, Hectares	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	668	..	231	..	..	..	4 654	4 654	6 095	8 559	9 729	12 033	13 343	15 518	..
Share of agricultural land area under certified organic farm management, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	0	..	0	..	..	..	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.7	..	..
Transgenic crops	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Area of transgenic crops, Hectares	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of transgenic crops in arable and permanent crop area, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Nutrients	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Nitrogen balance, Tonne of nitrogen	530 655	393 437	469 887	509 306	517 863	529 650	527 855	517 034	531 758	513 607	493 592	436 412	446 819	446 757	472 444	435 782	330 606	444 394	404 226	386 403	..	..
Nitrogen inputs, Tonne of nitrogen	787 432	637 000	714 736	742 692	748 286	759 182	751 070	743 519	732 311	719 405	690 052	640 495	633 334	632 101	672 410	636 837	528 580	635 134	603 395	582 562	..	..
Fertilizers, Tonne of nitrogen	562 000	403 000	467 000	477 300	475 000	472 000	456 000	446 000	447 000	444 384	422 643	374 555	363 412	358 886	394 277	354 173	244 325	334 536	301 655	262 000	..	..
Livestock manure, Tonne of nitrogen	171 481	183 921	200 006	216 991	225 312	241 178	250 710	253 211	242 323	233 374	226 104	225 648	230 102	233 842	238 348	241 417	245 128	263 196	264 855	284 181	..	..
Other inputs, Tonne of nitrogen	53 951	50 078	47 730	48 402	47 974	46 004	44 361	44 308	42 988	41 647	41 305	40 291	39 820	39 373	39 785	41 247	39 127	37 402	36 885	36 382	..	..
Nitrogen outputs, Tonne of nitrogen	256 778	243 563	244 849	233 386	230 423	229 532	223 215	226 486	200 552	205 798	196 460	204 083	186 515	185 344	199 966	201 055	197 974	190 739	199 169	196 160	..	..
Crops, Tonne of nitrogen	165 647	153 977	155 801	149 862	146 810	150 056	155 827	158 121	149 953	155 343	149 627	154 521	139 998	129 675	144 313	148 971	144 161	137 440	146 376	143 131	..	..
Livestock, Tonne of nitrogen	91 131	89 586	89 048	83 524	83 613	79 476	67 389	68 364	50 599	50 455	46 833	49 562	46 517	55 670	55 653	52 084	53 813	53 299	52 793	53 029	..	..
Total Crop Residues, Tonne of nitrogen	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Nitrogen balance per hectare of agricultural land, kilograms per hectare of total agricultural land	241.3	180.4	217.7	239	246.7	258.2	262.9	260.2	270.4	263	254.3	226.5	233.8	236.1	251.2	233.3	179.4	243.8	224.6	214.8	..	..
Phosphorous balance, Tonne of phosphorus	114 791	90 711	104 733	113 949	115 812	117 675	111 168	107 769	104 431	99 946	97 463	89 432	90 045	90 613	94 610	97 186	72 402	88 150	79 931	78 838	..	..
Phosphorous inputs, Tonne of phosphorus	150 446	124 536	138 577	145 411	147 415	148 539	143 128	140 317	134 243	130 756	127 549	120 597	118 389	117 622	123 885	126 256	100 922	115 684	108 838	107 159	..	..
Fertilizers, Tonne of phosphorus	112 640	84 480	95 920	99 646	100 129	98 213	91 760	87 481	82 308	78 771	75 266	67 477	64 394	63 121	69 064	71 409	45 030	56 973	50 805	44 880	..	..
Livestock manure, Tonne of phosphorus	36 926	39 210	41 822	44 939	46 493	49 549	50 596	52 085	51 189	51 241	51 546	52 383	53 311	53 803	54 110	54 154	55 222	58 058	57 386	61 631	..	..
Other inputs, Tonne of phosphorus	880	846	834	826	793	777	772	751	746	745	737	737	684	699	711	693	670	654	647	649	..	..
Phosphorous outputs, Tonne of phosphorus	35 655	33 824	33 843	31 462	31 603	30 864	31 960	32 548	29 812	30 811	30 087	31 165	28 344	27 009	29 274	29 070	28 521	27 534	28 906	28 322	..	..
Crops, Tonne of phosphorus	24 392	22 861	22 970	21 573	21 645	21 576	23 076	23 438	22 078	23 083	22 549	23 320	21 074	19 555	21 585	21 683	21 115	20 127	21 549	20 975	..	..
Livestock, Tonne of phosphorus	11 263	10 963	10 874	9 889	9 958	9 288	8 883	9 110	7 735	7 727	7 538	7 844	7 270	7 454	7 689	7 387	7 406	7 407	7 357	7 347	..	..
Total Crop Residues, Tonne of phosphorus	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Phosphorous balance per hectare of agricultural land, kilograms per hectare of total agricultural land	52.2	41.6	48.5	53.5	55.2	57.4	55.4	54.2	53.1	51.2	50.2	46.4	47.1	47.9	50.3	52	39.3	48.4	44.4	43.8	..	..
Pesticides	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Pesticide sales in agriculture [TOTAL], Tonnes of active ingredients	25 082	27 476	26 718	25 999	26 282	25 834	24 641	24 814	22 103	25 837	26 087	28 218	25 844	24 610	25 323	20 599	20 558	20 106	19 665	18 611	16 660	..
Insecticide sales, Tonnes of active ingredients	9 332	10 503	9 878	7 642	7 999	8 892	8 407	9 161	8 765	9 544	8 867	9 880	9 556	9 332	8 958	5 307	5 337	5 521	5 500	5 075	4 155	..
Fungicide sales, Tonnes of active ingredients	7 778	8 470	8 445	10 143	10 119	7 909	7 156	7 332	6 543	8 082	8 726	9 394	8 294	7 500	7 657	6 916	6 654	6 557	6 593	5 698	5 514	..
Herbicide sales, Tonnes of active ingredients	5 509	5 631	5 369	5 270	5 506	5 817	5 962	6 043	5 116	5 596	5 822	6 380	5 494	5 430	6 113	6 189	5 814	5 946	6 073	5 909	5 221	..
Other pesticides sales, Tonnes of active ingredients	2 463	2 872	3 026	2 944	2 658	3 216	3 116	2 278	1 679	2 615	2 672	2 564	2 500	2 348	2 595	2 187	2 753	2 082	1 499	1 929	1 770	..
Energy consumption	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Direct on-farm energy consumption, 000 tonnes oil equivalent	1 656	1 827	2 073	2 309	2 664	2 908	3 267	3 581	3 109	3 409	3 624	3 852	3 704	2 277	1 928	1 893	1 776	1 794	1 704	1 774	1 946	..
Total national energy consumption, 000 tonnes oil equivalent	64 907	71 999	81 343	89 285	96 461	104 683	111 709	118 593	106 563	117 992	127 107	129 505	135 389	137 725	138 456	140 452	142 107	147 097	146 884	147 817	157 437	..
Share of agriculture in total national energy consumption, %	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.9	3	2.9	2.9	2.9	3	2.7	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	..
Biofuels	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bioethanol production (million liter), million liter	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	205	172	175	165	164	163	175	160	169	172	172
Bioethanol production (kilotonne of oil equivalent), Kilotonne of oil equivalent (ktoe)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	105	88	89	84	84	83	89	82	86	88	88
Biodiesel production (million liter), million liter	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Biodiesel production (kilotonne of oil equivalent), Kilotonne of oil equivalent (ktoe)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Soil erosion	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural land classified as having moderate to severe water erosion risk, %	..	..	..	..	21.8	..	..	..	..	23.9	..	..	23.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of agricultural land classified as having moderate to severe water erosion risk, %	..	..	..	..	100	..	..	..	..	100	..	..	100	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural land classified as having moderate to severe wind erosion risk, %	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Share of agricultural land classified as having moderate to severe water wind risk, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Water resources	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Water use,	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Total agricultural water withdrawals, million m3	14 700	..	..	..	14 907	14 880	..	..	15 810	..	..	..	16 099	..	..	..	..	16 000	..	..	15 900	..
Total freshwater withdrawals, million m3	24 900	..	..	..	30 100	..	..	..	33 100	..	..	..	33 100	33 700	..	..	..	33 700	..	..	33 300	..
Share of agriculture in total freshwater withdrawals, %	59	..	..	..	49.5	..	..	..	47.8	..	..	..	48.6	..	..	..	..	47.5	..	..	47.7	..
Irrigation,	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Irrigated area, Hectares	988 000	988 000	975 000	960 000	941 000	907 000	889 000	882 000	881 000	878 000	880 000	881 000	880 000	878 000	869 822	866 958	859 040	848 276	831 553	806 475	787 986	..
Share of irrigated area in total agricultural area, %	44.9	45.3	45.2	45	44.8	44.2	44.3	44.4	44.8	45	45.3	45.7	46.1	46.4	46.2	46.4	46.6	46.5	46.2	44.8	..	..
Irrigation freshwater withdrawals, million m3	14 100	..	..	..	14 907	14 880	..	15 291	15 810	..	..	..	16 099	15 978	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of irrigation freshwater withdrawals in total agricultural water withdrawals, %	95.9	..	..	..	100	100	..	..	100	..	..	..	100	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Irrigation water application rates, Megalitres per hectare of irrigated land	14.3	..	..	..	15.8	16.4	..	17.3	17.9	..	..	..	18.3	18.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Water quality	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Runoff and concentration in water bodies,	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of agriculture in total emissions of nitrates in surface water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of agriculture in total emissions of phosphorous in surface water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of agriculture in total emissions of nitrates in coastal water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of agriculture in total emissions of phosphorous in coastal water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas where one or more pesticides are present in surface water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas where one or more pesticides are present in groundwater, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Drinking water limits,	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas that exceed recommend drinking water limits for nitrates in surface water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas that exceed recommend drinking water limits for nitrates in groundwater, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	21	..	18.6	..	18.3	..	19.1	15.2	14.4	14.4	16.4	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas that exceed recommend drinking water limits for phosphorous in surface water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas that exceed recommend drinking water limits for phosphorous in groundwater, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for pesticides in surface water, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of monitoring sites in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for pesticides in groundwater, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Ammonia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural ammonia emissions, Tonnes	143 000	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	181 000	181 000	181 000	181 000	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Total ammonia emissions, Tonnes	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural share in total ammonia emissions, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of ammonia in total emissions of acidifying pollutants, Tonnes acid equivalents	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Greenhouse gas	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural gross greenhouse gas emissions [TOTAL], Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	22 705 807	22 099 244	22 240 799	22 455 535	23 104 011	23 527 269	23 792 866	23 958 371	23 785 569	23 224 384	22 446 041	21 669 420	21 105 332	20 760 146	20 806 932	20 330 596	19 706 669	19 291 472	19 403 906	19 846 994	..	..
CO2 emissions from agriculture, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
CH4 emissions from agriculture, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	14 133 531	14 081 615	14 038 788	14 068 332	14 089 216	14 105 760	14 098 443	14 113 448	14 058 244	13 812 646	13 478 311	13 207 967	13 018 217	12 839 566	12 685 468	12 048 325	11 527 593	11 065 334	11 147 068	11 295 542	..	..
N2O emissions from agriculture, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	8 552 363	7 995 488	8 178 490	8 360 866	8 985 881	9 387 735	9 653 751	9 798 022	9 675 468	9 354 999	8 905 036	8 391 445	8 010 936	7 838 785	8 038 566	8 200 630	7 998 171	8 045 263	8 077 857	8 471 880	..	..
Other greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Agricultural gross greenhouse gas emissions - shares [TOTAL=100],	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of CO2 in total emissions from agriculture, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of CH4 in total emissions from agriculture, %	62.2	63.7	63.1	62.6	61	60	59.3	58.9	59.1	59.5	60	61	61.7	61.8	61	59.3	58.5	57.4	57.4	56.9	..	..
Share of N2O in total emissions from agriculture, %	37.7	36.2	36.8	37.2	38.9	39.9	40.6	40.9	40.7	40.3	39.7	38.7	38	37.8	38.6	40.3	40.6	41.7	41.6	42.7	..	..
Share of other greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
National total GHG emissions [TOTAL], Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Total national CO2 emissions, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Total national CH4 emissions, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Total national N2O emissions, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Total national emissions of other greenhouse gas, Tonnes of CO2 equivalent	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
National total GHG emissions - shares [TOTAL=100],	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of CO2 in total national GHG emissions, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of CH4 in total national GHG emissions, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Share of N2O in total national GHG emissions, %	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..

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2013 Edition of the OECD Environmental Database : Data for Korea

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