External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 10.201 | 9.751 | 8.173 | 5.202 | 7.115 | 8.909 | 9.318 | 6.924 | 5.146 | 12.121 | 9.268 | 10.170 | 9.837 | 10.059 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 549 541 665 462.926 | 563 980 104 699.631 | 589 520 597 498.348 | 633 001 236 613.693 | 642 592 097 196.347 | 685 855 266 543.738 | 714 496 922 615.074 | 727 793 645 570.017 | 696 222 804 869.087 | 752 139 164 184.616 | 787 110 743 858.918 | 780 161 743 239.641 | 784 620 950 419.919 | 802 405 054 761.123 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 512 252 124 976.190 | 525 149 171 171.682 | 545 874 251 642.790 | 604 115 993 752.859 | 602 914 805 329.380 | 642 686 494 268.031 | 670 682 118 956.870 | 687 040 611 737.145 | 655 907 151 826.585 | 703 020 580 799.860 | 733 466 518 480.699 | 728 673 644 316.814 | 731 603 758 312.338 | 747 548 102 907.506 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 474 962 584 489.455 | 486 318 237 643.733 | 502 227 905 787.232 | 575 230 750 892.025 | 563 237 513 462.412 | 599 517 721 992.323 | 626 867 315 298.666 | 646 287 577 904.274 | 615 591 498 784.083 | 653 901 997 415.105 | 679 822 293 102.479 | 677 185 545 393.986 | 678 586 566 204.757 | 692 691 151 053.889 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 37.854 | 36.479 | 37.673 | 35.521 | 35.101 | 33.345 | 31.888 | 32.044 | 35.384 | 33.384 | 29.316 | 29.316 | 29.316 | 29.316 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 79.550 | 78.952 | 83.458 | 79.794 | 77.786 | 70.868 | 66.097 | 62.455 | 70.406 | 65.785 | 54.328 | 54.039 | 54.975 | 56.065 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -3.934 | -2.957 | -2.254 | -1.943 | 0.127 | 1.370 | 1.502 | 1.800 | -3.717 | -2.237 | -0.094 | -1.460 | -1.852 | -2.039 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.785 | -1.809 | -1.146 | -0.956 | 1.030 | 2.162 | 2.205 | 2.368 | -3.202 | -1.893 | 0.304 | -0.979 | -1.190 | -1.195 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 66.275 | 67.694 | 67.887 | 64.643 | 61.924 | 56.902 | 52.434 | 48.593 | 54.710 | 51.681 | 50.115 | 49.826 | 50.762 | 51.851 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | -0.009 | 0.004 | -0.002 | -0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 495 288 000 000.000 | 508 301 000 000.000 | 531 320 000 000.000 | 570 508 000 000.000 | 579 152 000 000.000 | 618 144 000 000.000 | 643 958 000 000.000 | 655 942 000 000.000 | 627 488 000 000.000 | 677 884 000 000.000 | 709 403 000 000.000 | 703 140 041 547.484 | 707 159 012 163.743 | 723 187 375 479.064 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 171 679 000 000.000 | 171 688 000 000.000 | 172 542 000 000.000 | 172 329 000 000.000 | 174 650 000 000.000 | 176 287 000 000.000 | 179 352 000 000.000 | 184 287 000 000.000 | 187 128 000 000.000 | 196 527 000 000.000 | 199 653 000 000.000 | 205 112 337 048.567 | 208 565 086 038.965 | 211 505 555 774.143 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 121 919 000 000.000 | 121 450 000 000.000 | 120 010 000 000.000 | 155 211 000 000.000 | 144 716 000 000.000 | 151 241 000 000.000 | 156 959 000 000.000 | 168 632 000 000.000 | 157 931 000 000.000 | 165 229 000 000.000 | 166 982 000 000.000 | 167 465 364 259.743 | 164 043 759 802.498 | 164 324 102 684.972 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 652 529 999 999.999 | 660 448 000 000.001 | 671 538 000 000.000 | 690 162 000 000.000 | 708 177 000 000.000 | 738 889 000 000.000 | 774 114 000 000.000 | 812 506 999 999.999 | 795 976 000 000.001 | 870 073 999 999.999 | 958 894 999 999.997 | 1 030 995 703 668.910 | 1 070 650 962 361.240 | 1 111 770 540 480.970 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 824 593 081 462.743 | 823 906 610 941.799 | 835 702 545 037.298 | 852 059 310 255.758 | 870 308 808 043.656 | 896 429 258 297.411 | 917 206 103 488.855 | 934 627 144 946.621 | 898 324 460 185.268 | 953 912 521 811.985 | 995 761 295 746.143 | 997 465 865 835.443 | 1 002 674 054 835.780 | 1 014 008 016 804.490 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 740 995 660 137.613 | 740 378 784 143.541 | 750 978 843 940.950 | 765 677 356 835.660 | 782 076 716 670.859 | 805 549 070 143.118 | 824 219 554 366.562 | 839 874 446 949.923 | 807 252 136 062.003 | 857 204 668 222.219 | 894 810 804 587.422 | 896 342 564 999.880 | 901 022 746 695.777 | 911 207 669 198.497 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 667 871 000 000.000 | 667 315 000 000.000 | 676 869 000 000.000 | 690 117 000 000.000 | 704 898 000 000.000 | 726 054 000 000.000 | 742 882 000 000.000 | 756 992 000 000.000 | 727 589 000 000.000 | 772 612 000 000.000 | 806 507 000 000.000 | 807 887 599 662.674 | 812 105 920 764.366 | 821 285 751 015.397 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 122 828 000 000.000 | 120 984 000 000.000 | 118 306 000 000.000 | 152 642 000 000.000 | 141 419 000 000.000 | 147 523 000 000.000 | 152 768 000 000.000 | 162 141 000 000.000 | 157 932 000 000.000 | 162 513 000 000.000 | 165 452 000 000.000 | 169 942 280 874.744 | 166 929 512 799.373 | 167 200 841 689.478 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 428 341 000 000.000 | 438 582 000 000.000 | 452 930 000 000.000 | 518 767 000 000.000 | 507 951 000 000.000 | 540 670 000 000.000 | 565 335 000 000.000 | 582 849 000 000.000 | 555 166 000 000.000 | 589 716 000 000.000 | 613 092 000 000.000 | 610 714 071 322.907 | 611 977 570 121.979 | 624 697 670 980.779 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.013 | -0.042 | 0.028 | 0.009 | 0.002 | -0.007 | -0.001 | 0.020 | 0.010 | -0.005 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 306 534 000 000.000 | 303 600 000 000.000 | 304 784 000 000.000 | 310 853 000 000.000 | 314 325 000 000.000 | 321 071 000 000.000 | 327 941 000 000.000 | 330 840 000 000.000 | 309 930 000 000.000 | 323 463 000 000.000 | 344 597 000 000.000 | 345 207 989 949.681 | 346 054 368 687.451 | 348 847 865 449.803 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.248 | 2.627 | 4.529 | 7.376 | 1.515 | 6.733 | 4.176 | 1.861 | -4.338 | 8.031 | 4.650 | -0.883 | 0.572 | 2.267 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.119 | 0.005 | 0.497 | -0.123 | 1.347 | 0.937 | 1.739 | 2.752 | 1.542 | 5.023 | 1.591 | 2.734 | 1.683 | 1.410 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.439 | 1.298 | 0.244 | 0.800 | 0.459 | 1.297 | 2.394 | 3.003 | 1.924 | 2.939 | 5.577 | 7.335 | 3.307 | 2.680 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 0.393 | 1.213 | 1.679 | 2.773 | 2.610 | 4.337 | 4.767 | 4.960 | -2.035 | 9.309 | 10.208 | 7.519 | 3.846 | 3.841 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.031 | -0.083 | 1.432 | 1.957 | 2.142 | 3.001 | 2.318 | 1.899 | -3.884 | 6.188 | 4.387 | 0.171 | 0.522 | 1.130 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -6.328 | -1.501 | -2.214 | 29.023 | -7.352 | 4.316 | 3.555 | 6.135 | -2.596 | 2.901 | 1.808 | 2.714 | -1.773 | 0.163 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.249 | 2.545 | 0.594 | 0.916 | 0.598 | 0.751 | 0.980 | 1.877 | 1.919 | 1.760 | 4.778 | 6.745 | 3.873 | 2.485 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.824 | 2.562 | 0.318 | 0.212 | 0.104 | 1.294 | 1.601 | 2.676 | 1.112 | 2.827 | 11.635 | 4.438 | 3.693 | 2.388 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.169 | 2.391 | 3.271 | 14.536 | -2.085 | 6.441 | 4.562 | 3.098 | -4.750 | 6.223 | 3.964 | -0.388 | 0.207 | 2.079 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.156 | -0.957 | 0.390 | 1.991 | 1.117 | 2.146 | 2.140 | 0.884 | -6.320 | 4.366 | 6.534 | 0.177 | 0.245 | 0.807 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 305 111 000 000.000 | 308 382 000 000.000 | 316 606 000 000.000 | 322 765 999 999.999 | 332 032 999 999.999 | 339 897 000 000.000 | 356 524 000 000.000 | 374 577 000 000.000 | 388 375 999 999.999 | 409 675 000 000.000 | 446 651 000 000.000 | 476 007 944 283.962 | 498 001 484 925.657 | 515 054 265 126.513 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.970 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.014 | 1.030 | 1.058 | 1.070 | 1.100 | 1.228 | 1.282 | 1.330 | 1.361 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.961 | 0.985 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 1.006 | 1.014 | 1.023 | 1.043 | 1.063 | 1.081 | 1.133 | 1.209 | 1.256 | 1.288 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.047 | 1.038 | 1.019 | 1.000 | 0.971 | 0.997 | 1.017 | 1.021 | 0.991 | 1.077 | 1.266 | 1.260 | 1.263 | 1.284 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.977 | 0.990 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 1.005 | 1.018 | 1.042 | 1.073 | 1.094 | 1.126 | 1.189 | 1.276 | 1.318 | 1.354 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.063 | 1.050 | 1.031 | 1.000 | 0.965 | 0.993 | 1.015 | 1.013 | 0.977 | 1.074 | 1.297 | 1.258 | 1.265 | 1.285 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.824 | 0.798 | 0.809 | 0.810 | 0.795 | 0.782 | 0.777 | 0.779 | 0.763 | 0.770 | 0.764 | 0.796 | 0.811 | 0.815 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 9 117 250.000 | 9 187 916.667 | 9 144 083.333 | 9 182 750.000 | 9 215 250.000 | 9 290 666.667 | 9 397 500.000 | 9 540 250.000 | 9 582 000.000 | 9 662 000.000 | 9 895 750.000 | 10 088 846.233 | 10 164 100.437 | 10 230 008.297 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 8 495 416.667 | 8 433 333.333 | 8 381 666.667 | 8 457 750.000 | 8 569 416.667 | 8 745 000.000 | 8 939 333.333 | 9 117 083.333 | 9 115 833.333 | 9 254 000.000 | 9 546 666.667 | 9 725 740.447 | 9 755 474.093 | 9 779 185.890 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 6.820 | 8.213 | 8.338 | 7.895 | 7.008 | 5.873 | 4.875 | 4.436 | 4.865 | 4.223 | 3.528 | 3.599 | 4.020 | 4.407 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 1.932 | 1.961 | 1.455 | 0.690 | 0.291 | 0.522 | 0.577 | -0.070 | -0.377 | -0.328 | 1.378 | 2.860 | 3.807 | 3.887 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |