External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -4.689 | -5.327 | -4.806 | -4.339 | -2.676 | -2.368 | -2.929 | -2.604 | 1.944 | 3.651 | -0.453 | -1.889 | -1.803 | -2.114 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Rand | | 8.202 | 9.648 | 10.846 | 12.765 | 14.703 | 13.306 | 13.248 | 14.447 | 16.461 | 14.783 | 16.366 | 18.477 | 18.750 | 18.750 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 0.122 | 0.104 | 0.092 | 0.079 | 0.068 | 0.075 | 0.076 | 0.069 | 0.061 | 0.068 | 0.061 | 0.054 | 0.053 | 0.053 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 87 064 987 352.469 | 90 315 101 038.356 | 93 608 248 074.097 | 96 472 449 035.814 | 96 865 582 749.582 | 96 600 911 113.019 | 99 255 759 618.292 | 95 967 507 122.710 | 84 482 248 824.746 | 92 161 326 606.335 | 98 971 755 064.847 | 103 100 799 601.686 | 106 125 456 144.259 | 108 329 895 392.838 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 90 007 879 185.068 | 93 509 951 690.397 | 94 824 325 109.967 | 98 678 978 135.643 | 96 790 620 690.588 | 97 399 335 030.466 | 100 435 004 920.933 | 99 071 921 577.634 | 84 349 573 479.016 | 92 223 018 777.890 | 102 500 126 826.251 | 109 372 948 209.651 | 113 716 395 503.539 | 117 062 262 579.547 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 92 950 771 017.668 | 96 704 802 342.437 | 96 040 402 145.836 | 100 885 507 235.472 | 96 715 658 631.593 | 98 197 758 947.914 | 101 614 250 223.574 | 102 176 336 032.558 | 84 216 898 133.286 | 92 284 710 949.446 | 106 028 498 587.655 | 115 645 096 817.616 | 121 307 334 862.819 | 125 794 629 766.257 |
Government accounts | General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -4.034 | -3.665 | -3.990 | -3.672 | -3.960 | -4.330 | -3.653 | -5.080 | -10.073 | -6.355 | -4.848 | -6.447 | -6.294 | -5.985 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.493 | -1.012 | -1.026 | -0.730 | -0.784 | -0.982 | -0.175 | -1.517 | -5.703 | -1.578 | 0.688 | -0.369 | -0.080 | -0.006 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.001 | 0.001 | -0.003 | 0.005 | -0.011 | 0.010 | -0.002 | 0.004 | -0.014 | 0.007 | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Rand, 2015 | | 1 105 691 363 500.000 | 1 146 966 539 000.000 | 1 188 788 221 250.000 | 1 225 162 455 750.000 | 1 230 155 100 500.000 | 1 226 793 874 000.000 | 1 260 509 414 000.000 | 1 218 749 890 500.000 | 1 072 891 592 075.000 | 1 170 412 883 250.000 | 1 256 902 667 000.000 | 1 309 339 921 316.790 | 1 347 751 879 078.150 | 1 375 747 397 283.960 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 805 940 031 925.000 | 831 421 332 650.000 | 847 435 400 575.000 | 839 290 622 400.000 | 856 222 475 225.000 | 853 841 577 175.000 | 863 116 730 650.000 | 879 004 496 200.000 | 887 166 446 300.000 | 891 561 170 375.000 | 900 044 512 925.000 | 920 739 057 011.948 | 934 502 506 252.250 | 943 785 471 916.026 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 773 791 927 324.998 | 817 310 388 599.998 | 792 151 761 924.998 | 823 735 281 349.997 | 758 960 395 524.997 | 786 487 668 574.997 | 765 836 831 599.996 | 772 613 550 549.996 | 593 379 350 024.999 | 631 752 155 124.994 | 723 720 492 324.992 | 787 154 814 527.731 | 834 453 670 235.747 | 865 154 676 747.263 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Rand | | 3 566 385 019 250.000 | 3 868 630 223 000.000 | 4 133 873 041 250.000 | 4 420 792 527 250.000 | 4 759 554 551 500.000 | 5 078 189 926 750.000 | 5 363 190 430 750.000 | 5 625 206 549 500.010 | 5 567 973 607 750.010 | 6 208 785 872 250.000 | 6 628 550 342 750.000 | 6 980 345 114 847.540 | 7 388 258 279 274.920 | 7 811 576 768 379.730 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 720 646 283 596.056 | 738 557 715 058.154 | 748 999 639 295.149 | 758 900 385 384.334 | 763 943 673 177.433 | 772 789 738 170.559 | 784 820 402 313.295 | 786 860 429 710.508 | 739 937 123 943.251 | 774 736 826 077.883 | 789 537 446 162.013 | 795 164 306 234.605 | 803 441 622 323.991 | 813 180 049 164.084 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 330 678 456 107.067 | 338 897 362 715.450 | 343 688 783 227.946 | 348 231 876 706.127 | 350 546 058 655.145 | 354 605 197 210.544 | 360 125 632 873.947 | 361 061 727 495.514 | 339 530 323 449.235 | 355 498 645 269.259 | 362 290 113 303.236 | 364 872 075 416.813 | 368 670 235 717.440 | 373 138 846 776.286 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Rand, 2015 | | 4 197 952 413 000.000 | 4 302 291 169 250.000 | 4 363 118 099 250.000 | 4 420 792 525 500.000 | 4 450 170 991 250.000 | 4 501 701 625 250.000 | 4 571 783 379 250.000 | 4 583 667 070 500.000 | 4 310 326 585 500.000 | 4 513 043 919 750.000 | 4 599 261 389 000.000 | 4 632 039 315 365.590 | 4 680 256 838 776.950 | 4 736 985 713 098.200 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 755 541 976 675.000 | 796 022 924 825.000 | 785 536 998 500.000 | 796 138 460 675.000 | 780 757 339 175.000 | 764 883 477 575.000 | 755 593 912 600.000 | 742 419 815 150.000 | 633 822 236 950.000 | 637 875 669 800.000 | 668 459 644 700.000 | 715 973 775 984.549 | 755 279 146 276.643 | 784 911 748 409.645 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Rand, 2015 | | 1 181 728 067 500.000 | 1 229 454 881 750.000 | 1 221 008 041 000.000 | 1 282 606 203 250.000 | 1 229 592 903 000.000 | 1 248 435 560 500.000 | 1 291 871 065 000.000 | 1 299 017 133 500.000 | 1 070 690 121 150.000 | 1 173 260 124 000.000 | 1 347 991 537 500.000 | 1 470 251 997 717.750 | 1 542 238 766 085.840 | 1 599 287 914 538.120 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.008 | -0.002 | 0.012 | -0.006 | 0.013 | -0.005 | -0.002 | -0.011 | 0.018 | -0.001 | -0.020 | -0.015 | -0.007 | -0.006 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Rand, 2015 | | 2 694 257 157 750.000 | 2 736 047 790 750.000 | 2 755 750 756 500.000 | 2 815 210 369 250.000 | 2 834 425 923 000.000 | 2 883 014 066 000.000 | 2 974 191 468 000.000 | 3 012 316 266 750.000 | 2 827 579 318 250.000 | 2 992 577 835 000.000 | 3 066 585 254 250.000 | 3 085 057 520 226.870 | 3 105 787 549 296.630 | 3 151 586 081 689.070 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.642 | 5.220 | 5.526 | 5.344 | 5.493 | 4.587 | 4.162 | 4.124 | 3.359 | 3.120 | 4.556 | 5.398 | 5.036 | 4.564 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.112 | 3.733 | 3.646 | 3.060 | 0.408 | -0.273 | 2.748 | -3.313 | -11.968 | 9.090 | 7.390 | 4.172 | 2.934 | 2.077 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.790 | 3.162 | 1.926 | -0.961 | 2.017 | -0.278 | 1.086 | 1.841 | 0.929 | 0.495 | 0.952 | 2.299 | 1.495 | 0.993 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.685 | 5.844 | 5.367 | 5.546 | 6.952 | 5.473 | 3.993 | 4.614 | 5.260 | 6.500 | 4.759 | 4.562 | 4.753 | 4.463 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 7.194 | 8.475 | 6.856 | 6.941 | 7.663 | 6.695 | 5.612 | 4.885 | -1.017 | 11.509 | 6.761 | 5.307 | 5.844 | 5.730 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.396 | 2.485 | 1.414 | 1.322 | 0.665 | 1.158 | 1.557 | 0.260 | -5.963 | 4.703 | 1.910 | 0.713 | 1.041 | 1.212 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.757 | 5.358 | -1.317 | 1.350 | -1.932 | -2.033 | -1.215 | -1.744 | -14.628 | 0.640 | 4.795 | 7.108 | 5.490 | 3.923 |
Headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.675 | 5.726 | 6.078 | 4.600 | 6.299 | 5.301 | 4.612 | 4.121 | 3.275 | 4.556 | 6.869 | 5.851 | 4.986 | 4.645 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.868 | 4.039 | -0.687 | 5.045 | -4.133 | 1.532 | 3.479 | 0.553 | -17.577 | 9.580 | 14.893 | 9.070 | 4.896 | 3.699 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.226 | 1.551 | 0.720 | 2.158 | 0.683 | 1.714 | 3.163 | 1.282 | -6.133 | 5.835 | 2.473 | 0.602 | 0.672 | 1.475 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index | Index, 2015 | | 0.852 | 0.901 | 0.956 | 1.000 | 1.063 | 1.119 | 1.171 | 1.219 | 1.259 | 1.316 | 1.407 | 1.489 | 1.564 | 1.636 |
Core inflation index | Index, 2015 | | 0.855 | 0.900 | 0.949 | 1.000 | 1.055 | 1.103 | 1.149 | 1.197 | 1.237 | 1.275 | 1.334 | 1.406 | 1.476 | 1.544 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.875 | 0.957 | 1.008 | 1.000 | 1.089 | 1.132 | 1.170 | 1.256 | 1.429 | 1.650 | 1.769 | 1.794 | 1.841 | 1.887 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.850 | 0.899 | 0.947 | 1.000 | 1.070 | 1.128 | 1.173 | 1.227 | 1.292 | 1.376 | 1.441 | 1.507 | 1.579 | 1.649 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.858 | 0.960 | 1.033 | 1.000 | 1.072 | 1.066 | 1.120 | 1.156 | 1.204 | 1.322 | 1.550 | 1.626 | 1.683 | 1.725 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Rand | | 5.108 | 5.296 | 5.572 | 5.825 | 6.159 | 6.427 | 6.512 | 6.694 | 6.991 | 7.129 | 6.981 | 6.977 | 7.091 | 7.248 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 19 199 955.490 | 19 751 673.855 | 20 216 438.485 | 21 084 659.923 | 21 533 066.422 | 22 289 002.706 | 22 496 413.339 | 22 928 837.775 | 21 343 998.907 | 22 348 982.864 | 23 377 640.059 | 24 267 135.295 | 24 561 388.177 | 24 857 453.805 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 14 424 889.214 | 14 865 627.835 | 15 146 303.543 | 15 740 732.505 | 15 780 441.971 | 16 168 663.493 | 16 393 524.966 | 16 349 854.756 | 15 061 297.811 | 14 690 763.939 | 15 543 990.587 | 16 352 602.110 | 16 662 322.712 | 16 906 057.377 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 24.870 | 24.737 | 25.079 | 25.345 | 26.715 | 27.459 | 27.128 | 28.693 | 29.435 | 34.267 | 33.509 | 32.614 | 32.161 | 31.988 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 7.903 | 7.720 | 8.244 | 8.159 | 9.017 | 9.054 | 9.128 | 9.073 | 10.073 | 9.790 | 10.736 | 11.605 | 11.284 | 10.382 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 5.287 | 5.078 | 5.798 | 6.052 | 7.228 | 7.332 | 7.155 | 7.084 | 4.546 | 3.784 | 5.064 | 7.910 | 7.975 | 7.300 |