Patents - Technology diffusion

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Patents - Technology diffusion

Patent office
Year							1980	1990	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020


Technology domain
All technologies (total patents)							27 552	79 758	127 433	151 095	151 468	166 039	183 967
Environment-related technologies							2 342	5 571	9 991	13 106	21 010	20 671	21 153
Environment-related technologies	Environmental management						944	2 962	4 532	5 643	5 944	5 659	4 985
	Environmental management	Air pollution abatement					420	1 572	2 707	3 510	3 570	3 318	2 219
		Air pollution abatement	Emissions abatement from stationary sources (e.g. SOx, NOx, PM emissions from combustion plants)				114	571	655	900	1 189	862	745
			Emissions abatement from mobile sources (e.g. NOx, CO, HC, PM emissions from motor vehicles)				219	852	1 952	2 418	2 105	2 011	1 124
			Air pollution abatement - Not elsewhere classified				116	392	839	1 410	1 519	1 427	1 096
		Water pollution abatement					378	848	1 122	1 399	1 547	1 443	1 410
		Water pollution abatement	Water and wastewater treatment				358	830	1 107	1 387	1 534	1 423	1 398
			Fertilizers from wastewater				8	11	11	16	18	21	13
			Oil spill and pollutant clean-up				40	40	32	24	35	49	28
		Waste management					188	739	916	965	1 131	1 101	1 552
		Waste management	Solid waste collection				12	93	120	162	143	118	134
			Material recovery, recycling and re-use				102	303	451	440	560	641	941
			Fertilizers from waste				30	74	112	116	122	144	166
			Incineration and energy recovery				31	159	162	164	176	135	153
			Waste management – Not elsewhere classified				24	206	214	262	292	248	399
		Soil remediation					..	83	96	72	53	53	40
		Environmental monitoring					1	2	11	18	21	45	36
	Climate change mitigation						1 711	3 466	7 101	9 557	17 676	17 330	18 089
	Climate change mitigation	Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution					699	1 168	2 577	3 684	8 968	7 113	8 084
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution	Renewable energy generation				291	163	589	1 027	4 253	2 459	2 035
			Renewable energy generation	Wind energy			31	16	129	271	1 329	736	850
				Solar thermal energy			153	29	82	130	735	296	156
				Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy			68	106	363	601	2 321	1 431	1 012
				Solar thermal-PV hybrids			..	..	6	7	46	59	7
				Geothermal energy			14	3	11	16	57	30	20
				Marine energy, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient			20	9	31	58	221	125	59
				Hydro energy			13	11	39	57	181	111	66
			Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin				46	44	129	228	775	525	294
			Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin	Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel			19	14	84	160	648	388	201
			Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin	Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel			31	31	71	112	289	222	137
			Nuclear energy				118	274	110	106	233	255	212
			Nuclear energy	Nuclear fusion reactors			9	58	15	15	39	52	57
			Nuclear energy	Nuclear fission reactors			107	213	96	91	187	194	139
			Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.)				34	102	150	187	413	273	163
			Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.)	Technologies for improved output efficiency (combined heat and power, combined cycles, etc.)			8	51	101	120	252	183	93
				Technologies for improved input efficiency (efficient combustion or heat usage)			26	59	55	78	194	101	72
			Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution				14	112	65	87	174	191	162
			Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution	Superconducting electric elements or equipment			10	100	39	51	46	44	34
				Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector			..	..	3	5	55	59	52
				Not elsewhere classified			4	12	26	32	78	96	80
			Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation)				214	483	1 571	2 149	3 542	3 733	5 460
			Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation)	Energy storage			152	315	1 009	990	2 361	2 627	4 353
				Energy storage	Batteries		115	259	898	811	2 048	2 320	4 112
					Capacitors		..	28	99	144	223	189	67
					Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids		9	5	16	20	107	76	68
					Thermal energy storage		28	27	36	68	153	200	140
				Hydrogen technology			36	37	115	224	325	358	507
				High-voltage direct current transmission			1	5	3	14	34	76	31
				Fuel cells			29	126	567	1 069	919	710	630
			Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions				14	5	8	39	188	152	115
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management					186	455	606	614	762	742	1 030
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management	Wastewater treatment				84	146	179	202	272	197	178
			Solid waste management				103	309	420	393	459	527	745
			Solid waste management	Waste collection, transportation, transfer or storage			..	2	6	12	2	4	3
				Waste processing or separation			..	..	..	3	6	11	25
				Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions			..	4	3	4	1	1	4
				Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse			18	43	62	61	53	62	64
				Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies			71	250	331	310	373	450	649
				Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies	Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly		3	31	54	24	32	26	60
					Waste management of vehicles		..	1	1	1	..	..	1
					Construction or demolition [C&D] waste		2	6	2	2	4	7	4
					Glass recycling		..	4	6	12	4	2	3
					Plastics and rubber recycling		18	56	157	122	118	135	304
					Paper recycling		15	38	22	16	29	34	22
Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use						1	1	1	..	2	2	6
Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes						1	3	5	10	8	11	8
Recycling of wood or furniture waste						..	..	3	2	..	2	8
Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging						6	23	25	21	31	27	87
Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment (WEEE)						..	11	12	13	9	14	15
Recycling of batteries or fuel cells						3	9	9	12	9	17	58
Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete						27	94	87	109	165	206	160
Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation				1	9	23	31	47	34	148
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT)					10	68	366	735	1 228	1 768	1 806
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT)			Energy efficient computing				5	17	75	188	364	597	463
		Energy efficiency in communication networks				5	55	304	581	933	1 277	1 378
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases					23	49	140	121	363	281	266
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases		Capture or disposal of nitrous oxide (N2O)				..	7	23	21	35	37	28
		Capture or disposal of methane (CH4)				5	8	13	9	28	33	36
		Capture or disposal of perfluorocarbons (PFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)				..	5	34	18	5	11	17
		Capture or disposal of carbon dioxide (CO2)				21	35	80	78	313	216	202
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation					184	613	1 604	2 452	4 042	4 385	3 778
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation		Road transport				152	506	1 258	1 768	3 044	3 067	2 576
		Road transport	Conventional vehicles (based on internal combustion engine)			112	411	889	1 264	1 405	1 298	611
			Hybrid vehicles			7	24	178	222	428	345	264
			Electric vehicles			27	57	258	357	1 372	1 362	1 623
			Fuel efficiency-improving vehicle design (common to all road vehicles)			8	30	78	101	236	243	269
	Rail transport				2	16	18	20	61	45	47
	Maritime or waterways transport				8	9	21	40	80	75	59
	Aeronautics or air transport				23	81	277	534	822	1 171	1 011
	Enabling technologies in transport				5	7	98	188	606	645	951
	Enabling technologies in transport	Electric vehicle charging			5	5	40	54	508	556	821
	Enabling technologies in transport	Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells			..	2	73	143	122	114	141
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings					215	280	678	1 073	2 370	2 151	1 706
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings	Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings				85	25	94	118	628	345	249
	Energy efficiency in buildings				142	229	515	857	1 681	1 679	1 323
	Energy efficiency in buildings	Energy efficient lighting			16	47	125	273	480	519	279
		Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]			101	97	176	323	570	536	515
		Energy efficiency in home appliances			6	23	69	95	193	177	141
		Energy efficient elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies			1	..	2	3	13	2	10
		End-user side			18	63	157	170	450	495	399
	Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings				3	13	29	19	43	61	46
	Enabling technologies in buildings				9	28	58	104	203	206	155
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods					625	1 172	2 265	2 466	4 266	4 193	4 543
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods	Technologies related to metal processing				123	165	255	258	364	740	1 002
	Technologies related to metal processing	Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions			12	23	46	29	35	20	21
	Technologies related to metal processing	Process efficiency			114	144	221	236	349	726	988
	Technologies relating to chemical industry				354	587	930	800	1 149	881	917
	Technologies relating to chemical industry	Process efficiency in chemical industry			37	76	165	169	327	229	212
		Feedstock			45	67	110	122	170	122	179
		Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2			12	16	30	35	112	79	71
		Improvements relating to chlorine production			..	1	3	..	8	3	..
		Improvements relating to adipic acid or caprolactam production			..	..	1	..	..	..	4
		Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals			11	4	13	14	27	45	21
	Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry				20	14	31	121	299	166	148
	Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry	Bio-feedstock			13	12	19	80	252	140	110
		Ethylene production			12	4	15	66	42	34	30
	Technologies relating to the processing of minerals				32	86	126	106	175	263	130
	Technologies relating to the processing of minerals	Production of cement			13	28	23	20	59	69	78
		Production or processing of lime			1	1	3	4	7	11	13
		Glass production			15	39	88	72	105	171	32
		Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements			2	17	11	12	7	10	12
	Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries				23	34	63	77	153	208	219
	Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries	Using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping			3	5	3	1	20	14	8
		Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses			1	3	1	4	19	31	21
		Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture			8	15	27	31	56	127	138
		Land use policy measures			..	..	..	..	1	..	..
		Afforestation or reforestation			1	..	..	1	..	2	1
		Livestock or poultry management			..	..	2	..	1	1	4
		Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming			..	2	3	6	10	12	..
		Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking			10	9	29	34	47	32	52
	Technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products				65	211	655	855	1 821	1 495	1 519
	Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications				15	19	28	78	174	149	101
	Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to GHG emissions mitigation				5	87	226	238	339	436	676
Climate change adaptation technologies							215	580	1 774	2 121	2 420	2 303	2 051
Climate change adaptation technologies	Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin						..	8	13	27	26	12	20
	Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin	Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters					..	4	5	8	7	2	8
		Dune restoration or creation; cliff stabilisation					..	1	..	..	2	1	..
		Artificial reefs or seaweed; restoration or protection of coral reefs					..	..	..	..	10	2	1
		Flood prevention; flood or storm water management					..	1	7	15	7	5	7
		Controlling, monitoring or forecasting					..	..	..	3	..	2	3
	Water resource management						84	115	346	337	647	397	351
	Water resource management	Demand-side technologies (water conservation)					28	68	251	196	403	264	198
		Demand-side technologies (water conservation)	Indoor water conservation				6	24	22	77	76	81	70
			Irrigation water conservation				12	10	180	68	129	70	73
			Water conservation in thermoelectric power production				10	36	49	51	200	116	60
		Supply-side technologies (water availability)					56	47	96	147	262	146	159
		Supply-side technologies (water availability)	Water desalination				6	9	36	51	103	43	63
			Water filtration; Water and wastewater treatment				30	26	39	32	55	44	36
			Water collection (rain, surface and ground-water)				19	10	24	51	86	35	40
			Water storage and distribution				..	3	1	13	23	21	24
			Protecting water resources				1	..	3	7	17	10	4
	Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation						29	52	116	99	168	177	125
	Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation	Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems					10	3	15	3	12	16	8
		Structural elements or technology for improving thermal insulation					3	14	44	24	51	55	54
		Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies					8	18	42	47	52	40	31
		In transportation					..	7	1	6	11	26	11
		Planning or developing urban green infrastructure					3	8	11	11	23	14	7
	Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production						54	111	235	322	389	307	309
	Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production	In agriculture					44	87	174	226	285	210	188
		Ecological corridors or buffer zones					..	..	1	2	3	9	2
		In food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation					3	14	26	37	45	18	28
		In livestock or poultry					..	..	2	..	1	5	7
		In fisheries management					7	10	32	57	55	69	84
	Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather						48	285	977	1 086	1 050	1 224	1 044
	Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather	Air quality improvement or preservation					16	126	149	246	284	299	218
		Against vector-borne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change					32	159	829	832	764	910	815
	Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change						5	20	116	309	230	228	229
	Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change	Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation					4	17	111	305	223	217	222
		Assessment of water resources					1	1	5	3	5	8	4
		Monitoring or fighting invasive species					..	2	..	1	2	3	3
	Not elsewhere classified						..	..	1	..	2	1	..
Sustainable ocean economy							86	99	210	316	692	494	495
Sustainable ocean economy	Ocean renewable energy generation						20	12	47	73	340	181	204
	Ocean renewable energy generation	Offshore wind energy					1	3	15	17	121	57	130
		Offshore solar energy					..	..	..	..	7	5	15
		Tide, wave, current and other marine energy					20	9	32	59	229	129	79
	Climate change mitigation and adaptation in fishing, aquaculture and aquafarming						7	12	32	61	56	71	84
	Desalination of sea water						6	9	36	51	103	43	63
	Climate change adaptation in coastal zones						10	11	28	30	38	28	28
	Ocean pollution abatement						42	46	50	73	105	111	83
	Ocean pollution abatement	Ballast water treatment					..	2	6	35	53	38	38
	Ocean pollution abatement	Oil spill (and other floating debris) prevention and cleanup					42	44	44	39	53	73	46
	Climate change mitigation in maritime transport						8	9	20	34	74	72	50
	Climate change mitigation in maritime transport	Improved vessel design					2	8	14	9	36	25	19
	Climate change mitigation in maritime transport	Fuel-efficient propulsion or fuel substitution					6	1	6	25	38	47	32

Data extracted on 23 Apr 2024 13:50 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat

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Patents - Technology diffusion

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