| Special chapter : OECD Turns 50 | People and life | Population | Population evolution over decades | | 20 699.119 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23 802.484 |  |
Life expectancy | Life expectancy at birth, years gained since 1960 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10.7 | .. |  |
| Economy | GDP | GDP per capita | | 28 047 | 35 115 | 39 087 | 39 058 | 39 918 | .. | /  |
GDP growth | | 3.106905 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Trade | International imports in goods and services | | 20.82157333 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
International exports in goods and services | | 19.52484889 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Prices | CPI: all items | | 4.47518 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.84523 |  |
| Employment and education | Education | Progress in attainment of upper secondary education over half a century, historically medium attainment, born 1975-84 (attainment in 2009, aged 25-34) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 82.8727604 | .. |  |
| Population and migration | Population | Total population | Population levels | | 19 153.38 | 20 394.79 | 21 015.04 | 21 499 | 21 955 | 22 342 | /  |
Population growth rates | | 1.20216466 | 1.32868891 | 1.53233085 | 2.3029221 | 2.12102889 | 1.76269642 | /  |
Total fertility rates | | 1.756 | 1.791 | 1.92 | 1.96 | 1.9 | .. | /  |
Dependent population | Youth population (aged less than 15) | | 20.70688 | 19.72127 | 19.39235 | 19.21295 | 19.08069 | 18.93658 | /  |
Elderly population (aged 65 and over) | | 12.42244 | 12.93224 | 13.15777 | 13.16766 | 13.27656 | 13.46731 | /  |
Population by region | Share of national population in the ten per cent of regions with the largest population | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 63.67565252 | .. |  |
Total population: country average | | .. | .. | .. | 1.3206899 | .. | .. |  |
Total population: metropolitan regions | | .. | .. | .. | 1.22563279 | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of the national population into urban regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 57.17847314 | .. |  |
Distribution of the national population into intermediate regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 20.87547486 | .. |  |
Distribution of the national population into rural regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 21.946052 | .. |  |
Distribution of the national area into urban regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.39264243 | .. |  |
Distribution of the national area into intermediate regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.20825417 | .. |  |
Distribution of the national area into rural regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 85.3991034 | .. |  |
Elderly Population by region | Elderly population | | .. | .. | .. | 13.21474316 | .. | .. |  |
Regional elderly population, maximum | | .. | .. | .. | 4.28659888 | .. | .. |  |
Regional elderly population, country average | | .. | .. | .. | 0.78357815 | .. | .. |  |
Regional elderly population, minimum | | .. | .. | .. | -0.01527054 | .. | .. |  |
Elderly dependency rate in urban regions | | .. | .. | .. | 18.00827232 | .. | .. |  |
Elderly dependency rate | | .. | .. | .. | 19.56730414 | .. | .. |  |
Elderly dependency rate in rural regions | | 33.12932 | 32.65351 | 32.55012 | 22.84738959 | 32.35725 | 32.40388 |  |
| International migration | Immigrant and foreign population | Foreign-born population | | 23 | 24.2 | 25.1 | 25.8 | 26.5 | .. | /  |
Foreign-born nationals | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 67.8 | .. | /  |
Trends in migration | Net migration rate | | 5.79468 | 6.71634 | 10.25227 | 14.00228 | 12.66659 | .. | /  |
Migration and unemployment | Unemployment rate of native-born men | | .. | 4.93126393 | .. | .. | 5.63211087 | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of foreign-born men | | .. | 5.16612829 | .. | .. | 6.50843439 | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of native-born women | | .. | 5.20749419 | .. | .. | 5.02376133 | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of foreign-born women | | .. | 5.51045187 | .. | .. | 6.85962909 | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of native-born total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.34985852 | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of foreign-born total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.66456321 | .. | /  |
| Production and income | Production | Size of GDP | Gross domestic product | | 540.46376832 | 721.31366425 | 831.02426426 | 848.66753887 | 884.70603836 | | /  |
GDP per capita | | 28 046.84351 | 35 114.63835 | 39 087.0429 | 39 058.43341 | 39 918.13199 | 40 644 | /  |
Volume index of GDP per capita | | 115.141 | 128.12101 | 133.11178 | 132.13555 | 132.49015 | .. | /  |
Evolution of GDP | Real GDP growth | | 2.07162 | 3.08139 | 3.83207 | 1.44837 | 2.2751 | | /  |
GDP by region | Range in regional GDP per capita: maximum | | .. | .. | 129.02 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Range in regional GDP per capita: minimum | | .. | .. | 83.18 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Range in regional GDP per capita: average | | .. | .. | 45.84 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Share of GDP increase of each country due to the 10% of most dynamic regions | | .. | .. | 25.47368198 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Gini index of regional GDP per capita | | .. | .. | 0.105 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Gini index of the population in regions with low GDP per capita: as a percentage of population | | .. | .. | 54.64 | .. | .. | .. |  |
| Income, savings and investments | National income per capita | Gross national income per capita | | 27 284.30948 | 33 786.26824 | 37 455.44384 | 37 645.56749 | 38 376.05733 | .. | /  |
Gross and net national income per capita | | 22 800.6537 | 28 285.33489 | 31 357.6489 | 31 436.03329 | 31 894.17326 | .. | /  |
Household disposable income | Real household disposable income | | 3.43084 | 4.8036 | 3.32836 | 7.52386 | .. | .. | /  |
Household savings | Household net saving rates | | 2.63737 | 0.38623 | 0.49548 | 4.53527 | .. | .. | /  |
Investment rates | Gross fixed capital formation | | -8.35192 | 8.75856 | 10.38464 | 0.81431 | 2.53549 | .. | /  |
| Productivity | Labour productivity levels | GDP per hour worked | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 46.87172128 |  |
Levels of GDP per capita and labour productivity - Percentage gap with respect to US GDP per capita | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | -16.90897365 |  |
Levels of GDP per capita and labour productivity - Effect of labour utilisation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.32638757 |  |
Levels of GDP per capita and labour productivity - Percentage gap with respect to US GDP per hour worked | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | -21.23536122 |  |
Labour productivity growth | Growth in GDP per hour worked | | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.24510378 | -0.7 | 0.78436174 | 0.09784349 |  |
Contribution of labour productivity and labour utilisation to GDP per capita - GDP per capita, change 2001-07, 2007-09, 2009-10 | | .. | .. | 2.10772306 | .. | -0.17715879 | 0.75922736 |  |
Contribution of labour productivity and labour utilisation to GDP per capita - GDP per hour worked, change 2001-07, 2007-09, 2009-10 | | .. | .. | 1.24510378 | .. | 0.78436174 | 0.09784349 |  |
Contribution of labour productivity and labour utilisation to GDP per capita - labour utilisation, change 2001-07, 2007-09, 2009-10 | | .. | .. | 0.86261928 | .. | -0.96152053 | 0.66138388 |  |
Productivity and growth accounting | Contributions to GDP growth: Labour input, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.35711136 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: ICT capital, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.3 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: hardware, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.09 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: telecommunication equipment, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.14 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: software, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.5265889 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: Non-ICT capital, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.57595273 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: Multi-factor productivity, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.7500026 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: GDP growth, average annual growth rate 1985-2009 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.21794966 | .. | /  |
Unit labour costs | Unit labour costs, total economy | | 3.20755 | 3.97035 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
| Economic structure | Value added by acivity | Value added in agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing | | 3.88051 | 2.95242 | 2.43658 | 2.36547 | 2.28406 | .. | /  |
Value added in industry, including energy | | 20.17224 | 20.48418 | 19.97673 | 21.26041 | 19.80539 | .. | /  |
Value added in construction | | 5.69907 | 7.24539 | 7.73262 | 7.68725 | 7.86764 | .. | /  |
Value added in wholesale and retail trade, repairs; hotels and restaurants; transport | | 21.74155 | 20.87217 | 20.54672 | 19.96901 | 20.02622 | .. | /  |
Value added in financial intermediation; real estate, renting and business activities | | 29.11271 | 29.14621 | 31.03659 | 30.49549 | 31.49677 | .. | /  |
Value added in other services activities | | 19.39392 | 19.29964 | 18.27076 | 18.22236 | 18.52001 | .. | /  |
Real value added by activity | Real value added in agriculture, hunting and forestry; fishing | | 3.79637 | 2.75661 | 6.94583 | 17.5964 | -1.19765 | .. | /  |
Real value added in industry, including energy | | 3.47691 | 0.60265 | 2.79902 | -1.56842 | 3.76398 | .. | /  |
Real value added in construction | | -14.3557 | 8.1572 | 6.9565 | 2.9754 | 0.49841 | .. | /  |
Real value added in wholesale and retail trade, repairs; hotels and restaurants; transport | | 2.28754 | 2.91016 | 4.2115 | -0.19703 | 1.78577 | .. | /  |
Real value added in financial intermediation; real estate, renting and business activities | | 5.20284 | 4.26247 | 4.56161 | 1.54977 | 2.89274 | .. | /  |
Real value added in other services activities | | 6.4064 | 2.85207 | 3.13132 | 3.60875 | 1.72654 | .. | /  |
Small and medium-sized enterprises | Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with less than 20 persons engaged | | 22.3107 | 29.11985 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with 20 or more persons engaged | | 77.6893 | 70.88015 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with less than 10 persons engaged | | 12.34463 | 19.28839 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with 10-19 persons engaged | | 9.96608 | 9.83146 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with 20-49 persons engaged | | 12.6231 | 13.85768 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with 50-249 persons engaged | | 17.86593 | 16.4794 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of employees in manufacturing in enterprises with 250 or more persons engaged | | 47.20027 | 40.54307 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with less than 20 persons engaged | | .. | 94.15904 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 20 or more persons engaged | | .. | 5.84096 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with less than 10 persons engaged | | .. | 88.19228 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 10-19 persons engaged | | .. | 5.96676 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 20-49 persons engaged | | .. | 3.82434 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 50-249 persons engaged | | .. | 1.53934 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 250 or more persons engaged | | .. | 0.47728 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
| Income inequality and poverty | Income inequality | Income inequality: Gini coefficient, level, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.33593915 | /  |
Income inequality: Gini coefficient, rank, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26 | /  |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P10, level, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.54598513 | /  |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P10, rank, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 24 | /  |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P50, level, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.9815806 | /  |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P50, rank, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23 | /  |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P50/P10, level, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.12953426 | /  |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P50/P10, rank, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 20 | /  |
Poverty rates and gaps | Poverty rates and poverty gaps: poverty rate, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.14639651 |  |
Poverty rates and poverty gaps: poverty gap, late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.28280507 |  |
Trends in poverty rates: changes over 10 years, mid-1980s to mid-1990s, mid-1990s to late-2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.03231548 |  |
| Globalisation | Trade | Share of international trade in GDP | International imports in goods and services | | 21.77922 | 21.07266 | 21.75123 | 22.05298 | 20.19834 | .. | /  |
International exports in goods and services | | 21.9925 | 19.53946 | 19.65541 | 22.66027 | 19.79738 | .. | /  |
International trade in goods | Trade balance: exports of goods minus imports of goods | | -4.00096844 | -12.83174191 | -16.85562006 | -4.70567064 | -5.12345783 | 18.55021142 | /  |
Imports of goods | | 67.76289177 | 118.8603115 | 157.80271852 | 191.58557268 | 158.94079926 | 193.28011912 | /  |
Exports of goods | | 63.76192333 | 106.02856959 | 140.94709846 | 186.87990205 | 153.81734144 | 211.83033053 | /  |
International trade in services | Services trade balance: exports of services minus imports of services | | 0.4772592 | -0.1386367 | -0.6509189 | -4.34405 | -0.4118003 | -2.943542 | /  |
Imports of services | | 19.19578 | 30.78878 | 40.23733 | 48.02756 | 41.45924 | 51.31247 | /  |
Exports of services | | 19.67304 | 30.65014 | 39.58641 | 43.68351 | 41.04744 | 48.36893 | /  |
Trading partners | Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise imports | | 0.83548405 | 0.83788704 | 0.83464281 | 0.97186327 | 0.96915007 | .. | /  |
Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise exports | | 0.95017787 | 0.97347308 | 0.9090705 | 0.97495198 | 1.02902264 | .. | /  |
Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise trade | | 0.89045617 | 0.90217256 | 0.87017763 | 0.97333188 | 0.99817513 | .. | /  |
Africa's trade partner | trade | | .. | .. | 4.43011 | .. | .. | 3.21492 | /  |
| FDI and balance of payments | Foreign direct investment | Outward FDI stocks | | 95 978.284 | .. | 339 388.7271765 | 239 632.70963271 | 340 994.79727305 | 412 901.71765423 | /  |
Inward FDI stocks | | 118 857.93 | .. | 386 314.72170768 | 305 930.00693001 | 426 036.95730176 | 514 026.83199512 | /  |
Inflows of foreign direct investment | | .. | -31 058.04387569 | 16 784.63855422 | 33 454.69728601 | 16 259.55389175 | 25 787.9288204 | /  |
Outflows of foreign direct investment | | .. | -24 184.18647166 | 45 392.40294511 | 46 632.98538622 | 26 036.49976603 | 33 435.14951385 | /  |
FDI regulatory restrictiveness index | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.12757576 |  |
2010 FDI Restrictiveness Index | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.12757576 |  |
2010 FDI Restrictiveness Index vs. 2009 FDI Stock | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.46051053 | .. |  |
Balance of payments  | Current account balance | | -3.8248 | -5.66066 | -6.16898 | -4.49448 | -4.23841 | -2.59375 | /  |
| Prices | Prices, labour costs and interest rates | Consumer price indices | CPI: all items | | 4.47518 | 2.66873 | 2.33236 | 4.35264 | 1.82011 | 2.84523 | /  |
CPI: all items non food non energy | | 4.24351 | 2.19589 | 2.51725 | 3.63072 | 2.44406 | 2.67327 | /  |
CPI: food | | 0.63868 | 2.02462 | 1.83002 | 4.31963 | 3.37339 | 1.25121 | /  |
CPI: energy | | 17.21743 | 10.23454 | 1.20391 | 12.713 | -7.56286 | 8.06119 | /  |
Producer price indices | PPI: domestic manufacturing | | 7.14744 | 5.96075 | 2.34704 | 8.28721 | -5.43304 | 1.91506 | /  |
Labour compensation | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | | 3.89524 | 4.96837 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Long-term interest rates | Long-term interest rates | | 6.31457 | 5.33997 | 5.99452 | 5.81794 | 5.03951 | 5.36604 | /  |
| Purchasing power parities and exchange rates | Rates of conversion | Purchasing power parities | | 1.31169 | 1.38836 | 1.42684 | 1.47907 | 1.45209 | 1.51263 | /  |
Exchange rates | | 1.72483 | 1.30947 | 1.19507 | 1.19218 | 1.28219 | 1.09015 | /  |
Indices of price levels | | 81.36957467 | 104.37140454 | 115.35077389 | 117.14035958 | 111.38843552 | 134.86868539 | /  |
Real effective exchange rates | Based on consumer price indices | | 77.73417 | 100 | 105.8858 | 103.755 | 100.57 | 114.9117 | /  |
Based on unit labour costs in manufacturing | | 73.2425 | 100 | 109.595 | 107.1725 | 104.9925 | 115.595 | /  |
| Energy and transportation | Energy requirement | Energy supply | Total primary energy supply | | 108.1 | 119.6 | 124.9 | 129.4 | 131.1 | 125.8 | /  |
Energy intensity | Total primary energy supply per unit of GDP | | 0.2 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.17 | /  |
Energy supply per capita | Total primary energy supply per capita | | 5.61 | 5.82 | 5.88 | 5.98 | 5.93 | 5.67 | /  |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation | | 209.9 | 245.2 | 250.8 | 257.1 | 260.9 | 256.2 | /  |
Renewable energy | Contribution of renewables to energy supply | | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.2 | /  |
| Energy production and prices | Energy production | Total production of energy | | 233.6 | 280.1 | 298.6 | 301 | 310.7 | 324 | /  |
Oil production | Production of crude oil | | 32.1 | 22.9 | 24 | 22.6 | 24.2 | 22.8 | /  |
Oil prices | Crude oil import prices | | 30.79 | 56.71 | 77.13 | 107.83 | 63.4 | 82.6 | /  |
| Transport | Goods transport | Goods transport | | 268 756 | 349 439 | 380 893 | 388 346 | 393 418 | .. | /  |
Passenger transport | Passenger transport | | 270 235 | 294 002 | 296 531 | 297 321 | 297 509 | .. | /  |
Road fatalities | Road fatalities | | 95 | 81 | 77 | 68 | 70 | .. | /  |
| Labour | Employment and hours worked | Employment rates | Employment rates: total | | 69.2697 | 71.53431 | 72.85222 | 73.20696 | 72.02988 | 72.3961 | /  |
Employment rates: men | | 77.09158 | 78.48112 | 79.57037 | 79.66627 | 77.76738 | 78.59415 | /  |
Employment rates: women | | 61.44315 | 64.59941 | 66.13615 | 66.741 | 66.283 | 66.1848 | /  |
Employment rates by age group | Employment rates for age group 15-24 | | 62.07624 | 63.27524 | 64.19479 | 64.54521 | 61.23877 | 60.68775 | /  |
Employment rates for age group 25-54 | | 76.34548 | 78.75023 | 79.97401 | 80.30929 | 79.1364 | 79.49735 | /  |
Employment rates for age group 55-64 | | 46.23205 | 53.5181 | 56.61368 | 57.37945 | 59.02111 | 60.64139 | /  |
Part-time employment | Incidence of part-time employment | | .. | 24.00384 | 23.75079 | 23.79506 | 24.66806 | 24.89028 | /  |
Self-employment | Self-employment rates: total | | | 12.70873 | 11.82774 | 11.621 | 11.64919 | 11.61877 | /  |
Self-employment rates: men | | | 15.1531 | 14.2404 | 13.88112 | 14.06465 | 13.90208 | /  |
Self-employment rates: women | | | 9.711 | 8.88814 | 8.88302 | 8.76772 | 8.86599 | /  |
Employment by region | Differences in annual employment growth across regions: maximum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.11468306 | .. |  |
Differences in annual employment growth across regions: minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.50470482 | .. |  |
Differences in annual employment growth across regions: country average | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.12218279 | .. |  |
Share of national employment growth due to the 10% of most dynamic regions | | .. | .. | 23.50577536 | .. | 22.98541667 | .. |  |
Regional difference in the employment rate of women: maximum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 76.21 | .. |  |
Regional difference in the employment rate of women: minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 64.93 | .. |  |
Regional difference in the employment rate of women: country average | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 67.58 | .. |  |
Hours worked | Average hours actually worked | | 1 780 | 1 727 | 1 712 | 1 717 | 1 690 | 1 686 | /  |
| Unemployment and Youth inactivity | Unemployment rates | Unemployment rates: total | | 6.3 | 5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 5.2 | /  |
Unemployment rates: men | | 6.5 | 4.9 | 4 | 4 | 5.7 | 5.1 | /  |
Unemployment rates: women | | 6.1 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 5.4 | /  |
Long-term unemployment | Long-term unemployment | | 28.33861 | 18.26038 | 15.37488 | 14.86583 | 14.68639 | 18.48873 | /  |
Unemployment by region | Gini index of regional unemployment rates | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.1099 | .. |  |
Regional variation of the youth unemployment rate: maximum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 8.39 | .. |  |
Regional variation of the youth unemployment rate: minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.57 | .. |  |
Regional variation of the youth unemployment rate: maximum-minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.82 | .. |  |
Regional variation of the long-term unemployment rate: maximum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.9 | .. |  |
Regional variation of the long-term unemployment rate: minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.19 | .. |  |
Regional variation of the long-term unemployment rate: maximum-minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.71 | .. |  |
Youth inactivity | employment | | 6.82476624 | 7.39390608 | 6.48775063 | 6.31005306 | 8.33216045 | .. | /  |
employment | | 13.29395352 | 11.64818802 | 10.73628921 | 10.71009592 | 11.57208176 | .. | /  |
| Science and technology | Research and Development | Expenditure on R&D | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | | 1.4695 | .. | .. | 2.21367 | .. | .. | /  |
Researchers | Researchers | | 7.31902 | .. | .. | 8.39134 | .. | .. | /  |
Patents | Triadic patent families | | 363.8087 | 357.1948 | 309.8561 | 289.797 | 287.9839 | .. | /  |
Biotechnology | Biotechnology R&D expenditures in the business sector, million US dollars, current prices and PPPs | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 133.35517459 | .. | /  |
Biotechnology R&D expenditures in the business sector, as a percentage of total business enterprise R&D | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.16998547 | .. | /  |
Biotechnology R&D expenditures in the business sector, as a percentage of industry value added | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.02347159 | .. | /  |
| Information and communications | Size of the ICT sector | Share of ICT value added in business sector value added | | .. | .. | .. | 6.71532024 | .. | .. | /  |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT value added in business sector value added entre 1995-2008 | | .. | .. | .. | -0.77386515 | .. | .. | /  |
Share of ICT specialists in the total economy | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.56307692 | /  |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT specialists in the total economy between 1995 and 2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.45153324 | /  |
Share of ICT specialists, advanced and basic users in the total economy | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.12615385 | /  |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT specialists, advanced and basic users in the total economy between 1995 and 2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.38663872 | /  |
Investment in ICT | Shares of ICT investment in non-residential gross fixed capital formation | | 24.01550445 | 15.33718234 | 14.21202973 | 13.78563922 | .. | .. | /  |
Exports of ICT goods | Exports of ICT goods | | 1 727.263632 | 1 781.116469 | 1 943.20188 | 2 075.843227 | 1 647.197255 | .. | /  |
Computer, internet and telecommunication | Percentage of households with access to home computers | | 53 | 70 | .. | 78 | .. | .. | /  |
Percentage of households with access to the internet | | 32 | 60 | .. | 72 | .. | .. | /  |
Telephone access | | 96.07680332 | 152.49245448 | .. | .. | 173.50798606 | .. | /  |
| Environment | Water and Natural resources | Water consumption | Water abstractions per capita | | 1 120 | 920 | .. | .. | 640 | .. | /  |
Total abstractions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14 100 | .. | /  |
Fisheries | Fish landings in domestic and foreign ports | | 184.7533 | 236.3001 | 181.635 | 172.379 | .. | .. | /  |
Aquaculture | | 36.9943 | 46.6169 | 64.032 | 70.092 | .. | .. | /  |
| Air and land | Emissions of Carbon Dioxide | CO2 emissions from fuel combustion | | 339 | 389 | 389 | 393 | 395 | .. | /  |
Air quality by region | Regional range in CO2 emissions per capita: maximum | | .. | 21.27755 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Regional range in CO2 emissions per capita: minimum | | .. | 7.911529 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Regional range in CO2 emissions per capita: country average | | .. | 16.89643 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Large region with highest GDP to CO2 ratio | | .. | 4 141.438 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
GDP to CO2 ratio: country average | | .. | 2 040.934 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Municipal waste | Generation intensities of municipal waste | | 400 | .. | .. | .. | 600 | .. | /  |
Total amount generated of municipal waste | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12 730 | .. | /  |
| Education | Outcomes | International student assessment | Mean scores on the science scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 496.14396686 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.8788055 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the science scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 532.85374812 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.64221678 | .. | /  |