| Country | |
| Year | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 |
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| Population | Total population | Evolution of the population | Total population | | 19 153 | 19 413 | 19 641 | 19 873 | 20 092 | 20 329 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Population growth rates | | 1.1994 | 1.3575 | 1.1745 | 1.1812 | 1.102 | 1.1796 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Total fertility rates | | 1.756 | 1.729 | 1.759 | 1.754 | 1.774 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Elderly population | Ageing societies | Ratio of population aged 65 and over to the total population | | 12.4224 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 13.1244 | .. | 14.2916 | 16.3714 | 18.3362 | 20.3224 | 22.1651 | 23.407 | 24.5316 | 25.0546 | 25.7223 |
Ratio of inactive population aged 65 and over to the total labour force | | 23.2829 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23.4396 | .. | 25.1897 | 28.8824 | 32.9857 | 37.4476 | 41.9013 | 45.2483 | 48.0517 | 49.7411 | 51.4481 |
| Macroeconomic trends | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Size of GDP | Gross domestic product | | 524.5916 | 552.3899 | 584.8321 | 624.3423 | 659.5213 | 701.0256 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
GDP per capita | | 27 223.2285 | 28 288.5209 | 29 608.7545 | 31 248.363 | 32 643.1056 | 34 239.7947 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Volume index of GDP per capita | | 109.3927 | 112.0183 | 114.2332 | 117.5063 | 119.3137 | 121.0469 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
National income per capita | Gross national income per capita | | 26 483.1882 | 27 532.3163 | 28 768.1905 | 30 373.3709 | 31 461.8534 | 32 863.4951 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Economic growth | Evolution of GDP | Real GDP growth | | 1.9468 | 3.7659 | 3.1523 | 4.0527 | 2.6765 | 2.8084 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Household saving | Household net saving rates | | 2.4454 | 1.2467 | -2.2651 | -3.2072 | -3.653 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Investment rates | Gross fixed capital formation | | 21.9761 | 22.948 | 24.8287 | 25.3652 | 25.7505 | 26.5222 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Gross fixed capital formation: machinery and equipment | | 7.8881 | 7.6584 | 8.1008 | 7.9209 | 8.0527 | 8.2206 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Gross fixed capital formation: housing | | | | | | | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Inflation | GDP deflator | | 4.8122 | 2.8656 | 3.0003 | 3.3111 | 3.9168 | 4.7976 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Steel production | Steel production | | 6.4377 | 6.4 | 6.7992 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Productivity | Labour productivity | GDP per hour worked | | -1.2109 | 3.8704 | 1.8967 | 2.1949 | 0.3626 | 0.0035 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Multi-factor productivity | Multi-factor productivity | | -0.459 | 2.3031 | 0.6678 | 1.9652 | -0.3901 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Economic structure | Value added by activity | Value added in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing | | 3.9686 | 4.4388 | 3.2707 | 3.4694 | 3.3088 | 3.0845 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Value added in industry, including energy | | 20.7166 | 19.9012 | 20.1035 | 19.2956 | 19.8222 | 21.0434 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Value added in construction | | 5.4018 | 5.9052 | 6.26 | 6.7863 | 6.9386 | 6.9681 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Value added in in transport, trade, hotels and restaurants | | 22.0555 | 21.9612 | 22.2958 | 22.2973 | 21.9964 | 20.9958 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Value added in banks, insurance, real estate and other business services | | 29.33 | 29.1602 | 29.2344 | 29.2078 | 29.0023 | 28.7114 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Value added in government, health, education and other personal services | | 18.5274 | 18.6334 | 18.8356 | 18.9435 | 18.9316 | 19.1967 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Evolution of value added by activity | Real value added in agriculture, forestry and fishing | | 4.0494 | 3.1521 | -23.4868 | 31.3981 | -0.684 | 3.6755 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Real value added in industry | | -0.6353 | 3.3636 | 5.3167 | 1.404 | 1.5867 | 1.6393 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Real value added in services | | 3.507 | 3.8231 | 3.6309 | 3.8511 | 3.174 | 3.5244 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Small and medium-sized enterprises | Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with less than 20 employees | | 22.0663 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 20 or more employees | | 77.9338 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with less than 10 employees | | 14.0603 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 10-19 employees | | 8.0061 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 20-49 employees | | 12.487 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with less than 20 employees | | .. | 94.5717 | 94.1826 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 20 or more employees | | .. | 5.4283 | 5.8174 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with less than 10 employees | | .. | 94.5717 | 94.1826 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Economic globalisation | Trade | Share of trade in GDP | Trade in goods and services | | 22.5232 | 21.1482 | 20.4385 | 18.7983 | 19.9511 | 21.0464 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Trade in goods | Trade balance: exports of goods minus imports of goods | | -4.001 | 2.423 | -4.5264 | -14.5739 | -17.3173 | -13.1704 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Imports of goods |  | 67.7629 | 60.9067 | 69.5249 | 84.8207 | 103.7587 | 118.9219 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Exports of goods | | 63.7619 | 63.3297 | 64.9985 | 70.2467 | 86.4414 | 105.7515 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Trade in services | Services trade balance: exports of services minus imports of services | | 0.9383 | 0.7358 | 1.2198 | 1.8177 | 0.5106 | 0.5332 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Imports of services | | 18.9189 | 17.3326 | 18.3446 | 21.7834 | 27.9415 | 30.4361 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Exports of services | | 19.8572 | 18.0683 | 19.5643 | 23.6011 | 28.4521 | 30.9693 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Balance of payments | Current account balance of payments | | -3.6418 | -1.9515 | -3.6961 | -5.2075 | -5.8803 | -5.5424 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Foreign direct investment (FDI) | FDI flows and stocks | Outward FDI stocks | | 85 385.25 | 109 688.194 | 108 848.592 | 150 732.75 | 197 631.5283 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Inward FDI stocks | | 111 138.494 | 111 826.729 | 141 549.242 | 199 880.25 | 267 419.8039 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Inflows of foreign direct investment | | 13 949.9484 | 8 297.1 | 17 674.4691 | 9 674.9919 | 42 036.3422 | -36 809.872 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Outflows of foreign direct investment | | 3 158.4898 | 11 962.0229 | 8 035 | 15 526 | 17 488.4132 | -39 787.4771 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Activities of multinationals | Employment in affiliates under foreign control, share of employment in manufacturing | | 22.6667 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment in affiliates under foreign control, share of employment in services | | 10.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Prices | Prices and interest rates | Consumer Price Indices (CPI) | CPI: all items | | 100 | 104.3808 | 107.5156 | 110.4945 | 113.0841 | 116.102 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
CPI: food |  | 100 | 106.2356 | 110.2085 | 114.3152 | 116.5841 | 118.9309 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
CPI: energy | | 100 | 102.4913 | 103.3121 | 108.5848 | 115.4987 | 126.8792 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Producer Price Indices (PPI) | PPI: manufacturing | | 100 | 103.0557 | 103.2754 | 103.7747 | 107.889 | 114.32 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Long-term interest rates | Long-term interest rates | | 6.31 | 5.62 | 5.84 | 5.37 | 5.59 | 5.34 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Purchasing power and exchange rates | Rates of conversion | Purchasing power parities | | 1.3139 | 1.3319 | 1.3366 | 1.3459 | 1.3594 | 1.3779 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Exchange rates | | 1.7265 | 1.9354 | 1.8413 | 1.5415 | 1.3592 | 1.3128 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Indices of price levels | | 80.8989 | 76.5822 | 80.2711 | 89.512 | 97.852 | 102.9888 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Effective exchange rates | Nominal effective exchange rates | | 100 | 93.7409 | 97.1733 | 108.5819 | 117.152 | 120.0856 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Relative consumer price indices | | 100 | 96.12 | 101.44 | 114.65 | 124.02 | 127.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Relative unit labour costs in manufacturing | | 100 | 92.8044 | 98.8329 | 112.1269 | 125.5916 | 134.6691 | 133.3823 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Energy | Energy supply | Energy supply | Total primary energy supply | | 110.49 | 108.34 | 111.9 | 112.91 | 115.78 | 120.22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Energy supply and economic growth | Total primary energy supply per unit of GDP | | 0.211 | 0.199 | 0.199 | 0.193 | 0.194 | 0.196 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Energy supply per capita | Total primary energy supply per capita | | 5.73 | 5.548 | 5.664 | 5.65 | 5.728 | 5.895 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation | | 207.4 | 216.48 | 226.14 | 227.85 | 239.3 | 248.16 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Renewable energy | Contribution of renewables to energy supply | | 5.9372 | 6.0919 | 6.1126 | 5.7922 | 5.6314 | 5.2986 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Energy production and prices | Energy production | Total production of energy | | 233.61 | 249.18 | 254.49 | 253.75 | 261.77 | 271.21 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Oil production | Production of crude oil | | 32.08 | 33.14 | 31.32 | 29.11 | 29.06 | 26.03 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Oil prices | Crude oil import prices | | 30.79 | 26.61 | 25.8 | 31.24 | 40.93 | 56.71 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Labour market | Employment | Employment rates by gender | Employment rates: total | | 69.2697 | 69.046 | 69.4212 | 70.0041 | 70.3292 | 71.6118 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment rates: men | | 77.0916 | 76.4285 | 76.755 | 77.0594 | 77.5771 | 78.5007 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment rates: women | | 61.4432 | 61.6691 | 62.0846 | 62.9489 | 63.0827 | 64.7109 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment rates by age group | Employment rates for age group 15-24 | | 62.0762 | 61.2165 | 61.0804 | 61.8441 | 62.39 | 63.5518 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment rates for age group 25-54 | | 76.3455 | 76.3331 | 76.7474 | 77.2327 | 77.4292 | 78.811 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Employment rates for age group 55-64 | | 46.232 | 46.7254 | 48.7485 | 50.5395 | 51.9715 | 53.701 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Part-time employment | Incidence of part-time employment | | 26.2325 | 27.2376 | 27.4788 | 27.9122 | 27.1151 | 27.325 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Self-employment | Self-employment rates: total | | 14.0849 | 13.7832 | 13.9294 | 13.4779 | 13.2475 | 13.0018 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Self-employment rates: men | | 16.7301 | 16.5875 | 16.7053 | 16.2527 | 15.95 | 15.5707 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Self-employment rates: women | | 10.7287 | 10.2778 | 10.4644 | 10.0505 | 9.8913 | 9.8495 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hours worked | Average hours actually worked | | 1 783.43 | 1 755.73 | 1 734.24 | 1 736.99 | 1 734.95 | 1 730.3057 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Unemployment | Unemployment rates | Unemployment rates: total | | 6.2753 | 6.7744 | 6.4217 | 6.0537 | 5.5317 | 5.0994 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Unemployment rates: men | | 6.4951 | 7.0824 | 6.6113 | 5.9387 | 5.4694 | 4.9673 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Unemployment rates: women | | 6.1778 | 6.5711 | 6.2319 | 6.1501 | 5.7398 | 5.2596 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |