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Dataset: STAN for Structural Analysis

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Contact person/organisation

Comments or questions regarding STAN Database can be sent to sti.contact@oecd.org mentioning STAN in the title of your message.

NOTE TO USERS: The last version of OECD's STAN database was released at the end of 2005 (with data up to 2003). Since then, the growing complexity of STAN and related data sets, such as Bilateral Trade by industry (BTD) and harmonised Input-Output tables (I-O), and increasing demand for user support functions have greatly exceeded our expectations. This has caused our update originally scheduled in Spring 2006 to be seriously delayed. Work on developing a new STAN data system is underway while data collection has started, however we do not expect to release any new updates of main STAN databases until after the summer 2007. We thank you for your understanding and patience; for any questions please write to sti.contact@oecd.org.

Data source(s) used

News

Full documentation

Data coverage

Data units

The STAN database for Industrial Analysis provides analysts and researchers with a comprehensive tool for analysing industrial performance at a detailed level of activity. It includes annual measures of output, labour input, investment and international trade which allow users to construct a wide range of indicators to focus on areas such as productivity growth, competitiveness and general structural change. Through the use of a standard industry list, comparisons can be made across countries. The industry list provides sufficient detail to enable users to highlight high-technology sectors and is compatible with those used in related OECD databases.

STAN is primarily based on member countries' annual National Accounts by activity tables and uses data from other sources, such as national industrial surveys/censuses, to estimate any missing detail. Since many of the data points are estimated, they do not represent official member country submissions.

Notes for previous users of STAN :

The current version of STAN is based on the International Standard Industrial Classification Rev.3 (compatible with NACE Rev.1) and has been expanded to cover all activities (including services) and a wider range of variables. STAN is usually updated on a 'rolling basis' (i.e. new tables are posted as soon as they are ready) rather than published as an annual 'snapshot'; thereby improving timeliness.

Direct source

Data sources and links with other OECD databases

1. Principal data sources

1.1. Annual National Accounts

1.2. Annual Survey Data

1.3. Short-term indicators

1.4. International Trade in Commodities Statistics

2. Old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases as sources

3. Databases linked to STAN - the STAN family

3.1. ANBERD

3.2. Bilateral Trade (BTD)

3.3. OECD's Input-Output tables (I-O)

3.4. STAN Indicators

4. Apparent inconsistencies across OECD industrial data sets

1. Principal data sources
In general, STAN attempts to combine the perceived comparability of national accounts and the detail of annual industrial surveys to provide a comprehensive data set for analytical use.

1.1. Annual National Accounts

STAN is primarily based on Annual National Accounts by activity tables. Member countries officially submit data for inclusion in OECD's Annual National Accounts database (ANA) via a joint OECD/Eurostat questionnaire. As the request covers all aspects of national accounts, activity detail is only requested at fairly aggregate levels (currently 31 ISIC Rev. 3 / NACE Rev. 1 activities). Since many countries have more detail available, OECD sends out a supplementary request asking for as much activity detail as possible for as many variables as possible - for use in STAN and other OECD data sets such as "Services: Statistics on Value Added and Employment" which presents value added and employment for service sectors at the most detailed level possible.

National Accounts are an attempt to provide balanced accounts to describe a nation's economy (usually according to international standards such as SNA93) and are compiled from a wide range of data sources with adjustments and estimations made by national experts where necessary. For activity data, much use is made of information from annual industrial surveys and/or censuses and short-term indicators of industrial activity (see below) as well as labour force surveys, business registers, income surveys and input-output tables. National Accounts are traditionally considered more internationally comparable than industrial survey data.

1.2. Annual Survey Data

Most countries carry out annual industrial (or business) surveys, many supplementing them with less frequent censuses. In the past, these have mainly concentrated on the Mining, Manufacturing and Construction sectors. However in recent years, many countries have established comprehensive surveys covering service sectors. The OECD collects such data via a joint OECD/UNIDO questionnaire and publishes them as Structural Statistics on Industry and Services (SSIS). It contains industry data at a very detailed level (4-digit) of ISIC, for a wide range of variables and has recently been expanded to include services. SSIS can be very useful for analysis and indicator development at a very detailed level of ISIC within countries. However, because of differing survey practices across countries (see Box. 1) it has often been perceived to have limited international comparability. STAN uses data compiled in SSIS to make estimates for detailed sectors not available in national accounts. Volume and price data are generally not available from industrial surveys.

1.3. Short-term indicators

The OECD also compiles and publishes short-term indicators of industrial activity based on frequent surveys by national statistical offices. "Indicators of Industry and Services" (IIS) contains short-term (monthly/quarterly) quantitative indicators such as Indices of Production (IOPs) Producer Price Indices (PPIs), Employment Indices as well as 'qualitative' indicators, for a range of industries at a relatively detailed level of ISIC. The price information coming from such surveys is often used by national accountants as a basis for estimating output volumes by industry. In STAN, as these data are more timely than National Accounts and Industrial survey results, they are sometimes used to make estimates for more recent years (or nowcasts).

1.4. International Trade in Commodities Statistics

First estimates of exports and imports at current prices in STAN are derived from detailed trade from OECD's International Trade in Commodities Statistics (ITCS) database. A standard conversion from the product-based classification Harmonised System Rev.1 (HS1) to ISIC Rev. 3 is used (details of the conversion key used can be found in the variable notes for exports and imports in the electronic product). This conversion regime provides estimates by industry from 1988. For earlier years, old STAN ISIC Rev. 2 estimates (converted from SITC Rev.2) are linked after being approximately mapped to ISIC Rev. 3.

2. Old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases as sources

When making estimates in STAN, useful sources of data are the last published ISIC Rev. 2 (SNA68) versions of STAN, ISDB and OECD Annual National Accounts (ANA). Since the introduction of SNA93, many countries (particularly in Europe) have only provided revised National Accounts back to the mid-1990s. The old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases can be used to estimate historical data, particularly for aggregate sectors. Also, ISIC Rev.3 survey data (in SSIS) are only available from the mid-1990s for nearly all countries. In certain cases, data from the 1998 (ISIC rev.2) version of STAN are used to estimate more detail after first converting them to ISIC Rev. 3 using the approximate correspondence shown in the table Annex 1 of STAN full documentation.

3. Databases linked to STAN - the STAN family

3.1. ANBERD: The Analytical Business Enterprise Research and Development database is an estimated database constructed with the objective of creating a consistent data set of R&D expenditures which attempts to overcome problems of international comparability and time discontinuity associated with the official business enterprise R&D data provided to the OECD by its Member countries. ANBERD contains R&D expenditures from 1973 for 19 OECD countries and uses an ISIC Rev. 3 industry list consistent with STAN.

3.2. BTD: The Bilateral Trade Database includes detailed trade flows by manufacturing industry between OECD declaring countries and a selection of partner countries and geographical regions. As with STAN, data are derived from ITCS by means of a standard conversion key. The latest version covers the period 1988-2003 and uses an ISIC Rev.3 industry list consistent with the current version of STAN.

3.3. Input-Output (I-O): The OECD's Input-Output tables The latest set of OECD Input-Output tables consists of matrices of inter-industrial transaction flows of goods and services (domestically produced and imported) in current prices, for 18 OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom and United States) and 2 non-member OECD countries (Brazil and China) covering one or more years around the mid-1990s. The tables are based on ISIC Revision 3 industrial classifications and are consistent with STAN database.

3.4. STAN Indicators: STAN Indicators provide 29 annual indicators, at a detailed level of activity, covering four themes: international trade, industrial composition, business enterprise R&D and employment and productivity. It allows users to focus on areas such as productivity growth, competitiveness and general structural change.

(See Figure 2. from the full documentation for a diagram of the relationship of STAN and other OECD databases.)

4. Apparent inconsistencies across OECD industrial data sets

The notes above describe other data sets that contain the same variables as STAN according to industrial activity. When comparing different published OECD data sets, users may find significant differences in data that they may expect to be similar. The reasons for these "apparent inconsistencies" include:

Sources and methods. For the reasons outlined in Box. 1, industrial survey data (such as value added and employment), even at aggregate levels of activity can differ significantly from National Accounts data;

Timeliness. Data in STAN may differ from that published in OECD's National Accounts of OECD countries (ANA) because of the timing of updates. Activity tables in ANA are just part of a whole range of accounts and the substantive updates tend to occur during a particular period for all countries for an annual publication providing a 'snapshot'. STAN is updated on a 'rolling basis' and attempts to follow the rhythm of countries' releases of National Accounts activity-based tables (some countries release them in Spring while others towards the end of the year). For similar reasons, data in OECD's "Services: Statistics on Value Added and Employment" publication may be different to those in STAN and ANA. It is worth noting that official revisions of National Accounts can extend back many years;

Context. Data at the aggregate level in STAN (e.g. for value added, employment and investment) may not match the latest aggregate data published by member countries. Many countries publish aggregate data some months ahead of more detailed activity data. The emphasis of STAN is to make use of the latest consistent National Accounts by activity tables rather than the latest aggregate figures.

Periodicity

Yearly

Date last updated

Last update: November 2005

Geographic coverage

Tables are updated on a 'rolling basis'. That is, tables are added as soon as they are ready, rather than published as an annual 'snapshot' - users have access to the latest estimates for each country (rather than waiting for all countries to be updated before having access to the new figures).

Inclusion of countries in STAN depends on:
(a) the availability of long-time series of National Accounts by activity - often depending on the extent to which SNA93 has been implemented and/or
(b) the availability of ISIC Rev.3 (NACE Rev.1) industrial survey/census data.

List of countries covered:

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Korea

Luxembourg

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

United Kingdom

United States

Western Germany

Sector coverage

STAN industry list

An important feature of STAN is the use of a standard industry list for all countries to facilitate international comparisons. The list is based on ISIC Rev. 3 (see the U.N.'s classifications registry for more details) and includes manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors; it is compatible with the NACE Rev. 1 classification used by EU member countries.
The list is designed to provide users with enough detail to focus on technology- and/or knowledge-intensive industries while taking into consideration general data availability across countries (based on recent experience). Also taken into account is (i) the list used for manufactures in the old ISIC Rev. 2 version of STAN; (ii) compatibility with related OECD data sets such as ANBERD and the OECD's Input-Output tables; and (iii) the level of detailed requested in the joint OECD/Eurostat official national accounts questionnaire.

An additional table showing the industry list together with the old ISDB codes, approximate ISIC Rev. 2 equivalence and NACE Rev. 1 codes (where different) can be found in the Table Annex 1 in STAN full documentation.

STAN industry list

Description ISIC Rev.3 Description ISIC Rev.3

GRAND TOTAL 01-99

TOTAL MANUFACTURING 15-37 AGRICULTURE, HUNTING, FORESTRY AND FISHING 01-05

FOOD PRODUCTS, BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO 15-16 ….AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY 01-02

….FOOD PRODUCTS AND BEVERAGES 15 ….FISHING 05

….TOBACCO PRODUCTS 16 MINING AND QUARRYING 10-14

TEXTILES, TEXTILE PRODUCTS, LEATHER AND FOOTWEAR 17-19 ….MINING AND QUARRYING OF ENERGY PRODUCING MATERIALS 10-12

….TEXTILES AND TEXTILE PRODUCTS 17+18 ….MINING AND QUARRYING EXCEPT ENERGY PRODUCING MATERIALS 13-14

……..TEXTILES 17 ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER SUPPLY 40-41

……..WEARING APPAREL, DRESSING AND DYING OF FUR 18 ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND HOT WATER SUPPLY 40

….LEATHER, LEATHER PRODUCTS AND FOOTWEAR 19 COLLECTION, PURIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER 41

WOOD AND PRODUCTS OF WOOD AND CORK 20 CONSTRUCTION 45

PULP, PAPER, PAPER PRODUCTS, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 21-22 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS 50-55

….PULP, PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS 21 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIRS 50-52

….PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 22 ...SALE, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES; RETAIL SALE OF FUEL 50

CHEMICAL, RUBBER, PLASTICS AND FUEL PRODUCTS 23-25 ...WHOLESALE, TRADE & COMMISSION EXCL. MOTOR VEHICLES 51

….COKE, REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND NUCLEAR FUEL 23 ...RETAIL TRADE EXCL. MOTOR VEHICLES; REPAIR OF HOUSEHOLD GOODS 52

….CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS 24 HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 55

……..CHEMICALS EXCLUDING PHARMACEUTICALS 24 less 2423 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE AND COMMUNICATION 60-64

……..PHARMACEUTICALS 2423 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 60-63

….RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS 25 ....LAND TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT VIA PIPELINES 60

OTHER NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS 26 ....WATER TRANSPORT 61

BASIC METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 27-35 ....AIR TRANSPORT 62

BASIC METALS AND FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS 27-28 ....SUPPORTING AND AUXILIARY TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES 63

….BASIC METALS 27 POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS 64

……..IRON AND STEEL 271+2731 FINANCE, INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND BUSINESS SERVICES 65-74

……..NON-FERROUS METALS 272+2732 FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION 65-67

….FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, except machinery and equipment 28 ....FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION except insurance and pension funding 65

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 29-33 ....INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING, except compulsory social security 66

….MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, N.E.C. 29 ....ACTIVITIES RELATED TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION 67

….ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL EQUIPMENT 30-33 REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 70-74

……..OFFICE, ACCOUNTING AND COMPUTING MACHINERY 30 ....REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES 70

……..ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, NEC 31 ....RENTING AND OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 71-74

……..RADIO, TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 32 ...…..RENTING OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 71

……..MEDICAL, PRECISION AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 33 ……..COMPUTER AND RELATED ACTIVITIES 72

TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 34-35 ……..RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 73

….MOTOR VEHICLES, TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS 34 ……..OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 74

….OTHER TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 35 COMMUNITY SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES 75-99

……..BUILDING AND REPAIRING OF SHIPS AND BOATS 351 PUBLIC ADMIN. AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY 75

……..AIRCRAFT AND SPACECRAFT 353 EDUCATION 80

……..RAILROAD EQUIPMENT AND TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT N.E.C. 352+359 HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK 85

MANUFACTURING NEC; RECYCLING 36+37 OTHER COMMUNITY, SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES 90-93

FURNITURE; MANUFACTURING, N.E.C. 36 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS WITH EMPLOYED PERSONS 95

RECYCLING 37 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND BODIES 99

NON-AGRICULTURE BUSINESS SECTOR (1) 10-67,71-74

TOTAL SERVICES 50-99

BUSINESS SECTOR SERVICES 50-74

(1) Excluding "Real estate activities" (70)

Population coverage

To meet basic requirements of international research and analysis in areas such as productivity, competitiveness and general structural change, STAN provides the variables presented in the table below.

Summary of variables provided in STAN

Description STAN code
Old ISDB code

Production (Gross Output) at current prices PROD

Production (Gross Output) volumes (quantity index) PRDK

Intermediate Inputs at current prices INTI

Intermediate Inputs volumes (quantity index) INTK

Value Added at current prices VALU
GDP

Value Added volumes (quantity index) VALK
GDPV

Labour Costs (Compensation of employees) LABR
WSSS

Wages and Salaries WAGE

Number Engaged (Total Employment) EMPN
ET

Number of Employees EMPE
EE

Number Engaged - full-time equivalent jobs FTEN

Employees - full-time equivalent jobs FTEE

Hours Worked HOUR
HWY

Gross Fixed Capital Formation at current prices GFCF
IT

Gross Fixed Capital Formation, volumes (quantity index) GFCK
ITV

Gross Capital Stock, volumes CAPK
KTVO

Net Capital Stock, volumes NCPK
NTVO

Exports of goods at current prices EXPO
XGS

Imports of goods at current prices IMPO
MGS

Current price Value Added at basic prices (or factor costs) VALB

Current price Value Added at producer's prices (or market prices) VALP

Consumption of Fixed Capital CFCC

Net Operating Surplus OPSM

Variables coverage for each country depends on:

whether national statistical offices compile the measures by industrial activity in the context of annual national accounts;

the extent of 'back estimates' made by national statistical offices after revisions of national accounts, to comply with the recommendations of the international manual "A System of National Accounts, 1993" (SNA93) or the European equivalent "European System of Accounts, 1995" (ESA95);

the availability of business survey/census data (for detailed sectors).

(See the Excel file giving full details of current data coverage by country, variable and industry.)

The units used to present data in STAN are:

Current price data (PROD, INTI, VALU, GFCF, LABR, EXPO etc.) and capital stock (CAPK): millions or billions of national currency - i.e. euro for EMU countries ( see page 6 of OECD Statistics Newsletter no.4 );

Volumes data (PRDK, INTK, VALK, GFCK): index number with the national reference year=100 (commonly 1995, though more countries are moving towards using 2000 as the reference year);

Employment data (EMPN, EMPE, FTEN, FTEE): hundreds or thousands;

Hours worked (HOUR): thousands or millions.

Details of units used for each country are provided in the STAN Country Notes.

STAN internet page

Product coverage

STAN data coverage by country, industry and variable.

STAN data units.

Recommended uses and limitations

Recommended uses and limitations of STAN

It is recommended that STAN is primarily used for broad analyses, particularly at the detailed level where many of the data points are estimated. For example, looking at trends or average growth rates and shares over a few years or general modelling. This also applies to any indicators that may be calculated (see Annex. 2 in the full documentation for examples). Where the data points are official National Accounts (often at more aggregate industry levels) there is more scope for precise analyses such as looking at year-on-year growth rates.
STAN is based on data that Member countries provide. Detailed data collections independent of national statistical offices are not performed. In other words, we do not have the scope to build up National Accounts compatible tables from detailed data using consistent methodologies across countries.

Therefore, when comparing variables or indicators across countries, users should refer to the STAN country notes to check for industry inclusions and variable definitions. Some comprises may be necessary in terms of the level of detail analysed.

Example of uses of STAN at OECD include:

OECD's Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2005.

OECD's Input-Output tables.

OECD Productivity Database.

"Productivity Growth in ICT-producing and ICT-using Industries: a Source of Growth Differentials in the OECD?", OECD, STI Working Paper 2001/4 .

Computer Price Indices and International Growth and Productivity Comparisons, OECD, April 2001.

Other comments

Useful Links

U.N.'s classification registry

System of National Accounts 1993, online manual

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2005

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2001

OECD Database on Productivity

OECD Input-Output Tables

Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers

OECD's manual on Productivity Measurement

OECD's manual on Measuring Capital

OECD's work on Growth

Statistics at OECD

Statistics Working Papers

Purchasing Power Parities

Dataset: STAN for Structural AnalysisContact person/organisation

Comments or questions regarding STAN Database can be sent to <a href="mailto:dsti.contact@oecd.org">sti.contact@oecd.org</a> mentioning STAN in the title of your message. NOTE TO USERS: The last version of OECD's STAN database was released at the end of 2005 (with data up to 2003). Since then, the growing complexity of STAN and related data sets, such as Bilateral Trade by industry (BTD) and harmonised Input-Output tables (I-O), and increasing demand for user support functions have greatly exceeded our expectations. This has caused our update originally scheduled in Spring 2006 to be seriously delayed. Work on developing a new STAN data system is underway while data collection has started, however we do not expect to release any new updates of main STAN databases until after the summer 2007. We thank you for your understanding and patience; for any questions please write to <a href="mailto:sti.contact@oecd.org">sti.contact@oecd.org</a>.

Data source(s) used

<table border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/3/28/34464383.xls">News</a> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/53/21/34464010.doc">Full documentation</a> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/1/18351159.xls">Data coverage</a> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/58/55/35870085.xls">Data units</a></td> <td> The STAN database for Industrial Analysis provides analysts and researchers with a comprehensive tool for analysing industrial performance at a detailed level of activity. It includes annual measures of output, labour input, investment and international trade which allow users to construct a wide range of indicators to focus on areas such as productivity growth, competitiveness and general structural change. Through the use of a standard industry list, comparisons can be made across countries. The industry list provides sufficient detail to enable users to highlight high-technology sectors and is compatible with those used in related OECD databases. STAN is primarily based on member countries' annual National Accounts by activity tables and uses data from other sources, such as national industrial surveys/censuses, to estimate any missing detail. Since many of the data points are estimated, they do not represent official member country submissions. Notes for previous users of STAN : The current version of STAN is based on the International Standard Industrial Classification Rev.3 (compatible with NACE Rev.1) and has been expanded to cover all activities (including services) and a wider range of variables. STAN is usually updated on a 'rolling basis' (i.e. new tables are posted as soon as they are ready) rather than published as an annual 'snapshot'; thereby improving timeliness.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Direct source

<table width="100%" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BFCDE5">Data sources and links with other OECD databases</td></tr> <tr> <td>1. Principal data sources <ul> <li>1.1. Annual National Accounts</li> <li>1.2. Annual Survey Data</li> <li>1.3. Short-term indicators</li> <li>1.4. International Trade in Commodities Statistics</li></ul> 2. Old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases as sources 3. Databases linked to STAN - the STAN family <ul> <li>3.1. ANBERD</li> <li>3.2. Bilateral Trade (BTD)</li> <li>3.3. OECD's Input-Output tables (I-O)</li> <li>3.4. STAN Indicators</li></ul> 4. Apparent inconsistencies across OECD industrial data sets <hr /></td></tr> <tr> <td><a name="1. Principal data sources" id="1. Principal data sources"></a>1. Principal data sources In general, STAN attempts to combine the perceived comparability of national accounts and the detail of annual industrial surveys to provide a comprehensive data set for analytical use. <a name="1.1 Annual National Accounts" id="1.1 Annual National Accounts"></a>1.1. Annual National Accounts STAN is primarily based on Annual National Accounts by activity tables. Member countries officially submit data for inclusion in OECD's <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/8/0,2340,en_2649_34445_2008571_1_1_1_1,00.html"> Annual National Accounts</a> database (ANA) via a joint OECD/Eurostat questionnaire. As the request covers all aspects of national accounts, activity detail is only requested at fairly aggregate levels (currently 31 ISIC Rev. 3 / NACE Rev. 1 activities). Since many countries have more detail available, OECD sends out a supplementary request asking for as much activity detail as possible for as many variables as possible - for use in STAN and other OECD data sets such as "Services: Statistics on Value Added and Employment" which presents value added and employment for service sectors at the most detailed level possible. National Accounts are an attempt to provide balanced accounts to describe a nation's economy (usually according to international standards such as SNA93) and are compiled from a wide range of data sources with adjustments and estimations made by national experts where necessary. For activity data, much use is made of information from annual industrial surveys and/or censuses and short-term indicators of industrial activity (see below) as well as labour force surveys, business registers, income surveys and input-output tables. National Accounts are traditionally considered more internationally comparable than industrial survey data. <a name="1.2 Survey Data" id="1.2 Survey Data"></a>1.2. Annual Survey Data Most countries carry out annual industrial (or business) surveys, many supplementing them with less frequent censuses. In the past, these have mainly concentrated on the Mining, Manufacturing and Construction sectors. However in recent years, many countries have established comprehensive surveys covering service sectors. The OECD collects such data via a joint OECD/<a href="http://www.unido.org/">UNIDO</a> questionnaire and publishes them as <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/63/0,2340,en_2825_495649_1935935_1_1_1_1,00.html"> Structural Statistics on Industry and Services</a> (SSIS). It contains industry data at a very detailed level (4-digit) of ISIC, for a wide range of variables and has recently been expanded to include services. SSIS can be very useful for analysis and indicator development at a very detailed level of ISIC within countries. However, because of differing survey practices across countries (see Box. 1) it has often been perceived to have limited international comparability. STAN uses data compiled in SSIS to make estimates for detailed sectors not available in national accounts. Volume and price data are generally not available from industrial surveys. <a name="1.3 Short-term indicators" id="1.3 Short-term indicators"></a>1.3. Short-term indicators The OECD also compiles and publishes short-term indicators of industrial activity based on frequent surveys by national statistical offices. "Indicators of Industry and Services" (IIS) contains short-term (monthly/quarterly) quantitative indicators such as Indices of Production (IOPs) Producer Price Indices (PPIs), Employment Indices as well as 'qualitative' indicators, for a range of industries at a relatively detailed level of ISIC. The price information coming from such surveys is often used by national accountants as a basis for estimating output volumes by industry. In STAN, as these data are more timely than National Accounts and Industrial survey results, they are sometimes used to make estimates for more recent years (or nowcasts). <a name="1.4 International Trade in Commodities Statistics" id="1.4 International Trade in Commodities Statistics"></a>1.4. International Trade in Commodities Statistics First estimates of exports and imports at current prices in STAN are derived from detailed trade from OECD's <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,2340,en_2825_495663_1906706_1_1_1_1,00.html"> International Trade in Commodities Statistics</a> (ITCS) database. A standard conversion from the product-based classification Harmonised System Rev.1 (HS1) to ISIC Rev. 3 is used (details of the conversion key used can be found in the variable notes for exports and imports in the electronic product). This conversion regime provides estimates by industry from 1988. For earlier years, old STAN ISIC Rev. 2 estimates (converted from SITC Rev.2) are linked after being approximately mapped to ISIC Rev. 3.</td></tr> <tr> <td> <hr /> <a name="2. Old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases as sources" id="2. Old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases as sources"></a>2. Old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases as sources When making estimates in STAN, useful sources of data are the last published ISIC Rev. 2 (SNA68) versions of STAN, ISDB and OECD Annual National Accounts (ANA). Since the introduction of SNA93, many countries (particularly in Europe) have only provided revised National Accounts back to the mid-1990s. The old SNA68/ISIC Rev.2 databases can be used to estimate historical data, particularly for aggregate sectors. Also, ISIC Rev.3 survey data (in SSIS) are only available from the mid-1990s for nearly all countries. In certain cases, data from the 1998 (ISIC rev.2) version of STAN are used to estimate more detail after first converting them to ISIC Rev. 3 using the approximate correspondence shown in the table Annex 1 of STAN full documentation.</td></tr> <tr> <td> <hr /> <a name="3. Databases linked to STAN - the STAN family" id="3. Databases linked to STAN - the STAN family"></a>3. Databases linked to STAN - the STAN family <a name="3.1 ANBERD" id="3.1 ANBERD"></a>3.1. ANBERD: The <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/0,2340,en_2825_497105_1822033_1_1_1_1,00.html"> Analytical Business Enterprise Research and Development database</a> is an estimated database constructed with the objective of creating a consistent data set of R&D expenditures which attempts to overcome problems of international comparability and time discontinuity associated with the official business enterprise R&D data provided to the OECD by its Member countries. ANBERD contains R&D expenditures from 1973 for 19 OECD countries and uses an ISIC Rev. 3 industry list consistent with STAN. <a name="3.2. Bilateral Trade (BTD)" id="3.2. Bilateral Trade (BTD)"></a>3.2. BTD: The <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/46/0,2340,en_2649_34445_36274100_1_1_1_1,00.html"> Bilateral Trade Database</a> includes detailed trade flows by manufacturing industry between OECD declaring countries and a selection of partner countries and geographical regions. As with STAN, data are derived from ITCS by means of a standard conversion key. The latest version covers the period 1988-2003 and uses an ISIC Rev.3 industry list consistent with the current version of STAN. <a name="3.3 OECD's Input-Output tables (I-O)" id="3.3 OECD's Input-Output tables (I-O)"></a>3.3. Input-Output (I-O): The OECD's <a href="http://www.oecd.org/std/io-tables/">Input-Output tables</a> The latest set of OECD Input-Output tables consists of matrices of inter-industrial transaction flows of goods and services (domestically produced and imported) in current prices, for 18 OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom and United States) and 2 non-member OECD countries (Brazil and China) covering one or more years around the mid-1990s. The tables are based on ISIC Revision 3 industrial classifications and are consistent with STAN database. <a name="3.4. STAN Indicators:" id="3.4. STAN Indicators:"></a>3.4. STAN Indicators: <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/54/0,2340,en_2649_34445_21573686_1_1_1_1,00.html"> STAN Indicators</a> provide 29 annual indicators, at a detailed level of activity, covering four themes: international trade, industrial composition, business enterprise R&D and employment and productivity. It allows users to focus on areas such as productivity growth, competitiveness and general structural change. (See Figure 2. from the full documentation for a diagram of the relationship of STAN and other OECD databases.)</td></tr> <tr> <td> <hr /> <a name="4. Apparent inconsistencies across OECD industrial data sets" id="4. Apparent inconsistencies across OECD industrial data sets"></a> 4. Apparent inconsistencies across OECD industrial data sets The notes above describe other data sets that contain the same variables as STAN according to industrial activity. When comparing different published OECD data sets, users may find significant differences in data that they may expect to be similar. The reasons for these "apparent inconsistencies" include: <ul> <li>Sources and methods. For the reasons outlined in Box. 1, industrial survey data (such as value added and employment), even at aggregate levels of activity can differ significantly from National Accounts data;</li></ul> <ul> <li>Timeliness. Data in STAN may differ from that published in OECD's National Accounts of OECD countries (ANA) because of the timing of updates. Activity tables in ANA are just part of a whole range of accounts and the substantive updates tend to occur during a particular period for all countries for an annual publication providing a 'snapshot'. STAN is updated on a 'rolling basis' and attempts to follow the rhythm of countries' releases of National Accounts activity-based tables (some countries release them in Spring while others towards the end of the year). For similar reasons, data in OECD's "Services: Statistics on Value Added and Employment" publication may be different to those in STAN and ANA. It is worth noting that official revisions of National Accounts can extend back many years;</li></ul> <ul> <li>Context. Data at the aggregate level in STAN (e.g. for value added, employment and investment) may not match the latest aggregate data published by member countries. Many countries publish aggregate data some months ahead of more detailed activity data. The emphasis of STAN is to make use of the latest consistent National Accounts by activity tables rather than the latest aggregate figures.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

Periodicity

Yearly

Date last updated

Last update: November 2005

Geographic coverage

Tables are updated on a 'rolling basis'. That is, tables are added as soon as they are ready, rather than published as an annual 'snapshot' - users have access to the latest estimates for each country (rather than waiting for all countries to be updated before having access to the new figures). Inclusion of countries in STAN depends on: (a) the availability of long-time series of National Accounts by activity - often depending on the extent to which SNA93 has been implemented and/or (b) the availability of ISIC Rev.3 (NACE Rev.1) industrial survey/census data. List of countries covered: <table border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Australia</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Austria</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Belgium</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Canada</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Czech Republic</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Denmark</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Finland</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">France</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Germany</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Greece</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Hungary</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Iceland</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Ireland</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Italy</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Japan</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Korea</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Luxembourg</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Mexico</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Netherlands</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">New Zealand</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Norway</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Poland</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Portugal</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Slovak Republic</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Spain</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Sweden</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Switzerland</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">United Kingdom</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">United States</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0B2F4">Western Germany</td></tr></tbody></table>

Sector coverage

<table cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100%" bgcolor="#C6CCDE">STAN industry list</td></tr> <tr> <td width="100%">An important feature of STAN is the use of a standard industry list for all countries to facilitate international comparisons. The list is based on ISIC Rev. 3 (see the <a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=2&Top=2&Lg=1"> U.N.'s classifications registry</a> for more details) and includes manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors; it is compatible with the NACE Rev. 1 classification used by EU member countries. The list is designed to provide users with enough detail to focus on technology- and/or knowledge-intensive industries while taking into consideration general data availability across countries (based on recent experience). Also taken into account is (i) the list used for manufactures in the old ISIC Rev. 2 version of STAN; (ii) compatibility with related OECD data sets such as ANBERD and the OECD's Input-Output tables; and (iii) the level of detailed requested in the joint OECD/Eurostat official national accounts questionnaire. An additional table showing the industry list together with the old ISDB codes, approximate ISIC Rev. 2 equivalence and NACE Rev. 1 codes (where different) can be found in the Table Annex 1 in STAN full documentation.</td></tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> STAN industry list <table border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td>Description</td> <td>ISIC Rev.3</td> <td>Description</td> <td>ISIC Rev.3</td></tr> <tr> <td>GRAND TOTAL</td> <td>01-99</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL MANUFACTURING</td> <td>15-37</td> <td>AGRICULTURE, HUNTING, FORESTRY AND FISHING</td> <td>01-05</td></tr> <tr> <td>FOOD PRODUCTS, BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO</td> <td>15-16</td> <td>….AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY</td> <td>01-02</td></tr> <tr> <td>….FOOD PRODUCTS AND BEVERAGES</td> <td>15</td> <td>….FISHING</td> <td>05</td></tr> <tr> <td>….TOBACCO PRODUCTS</td> <td>16</td> <td>MINING AND QUARRYING</td> <td>10-14</td></tr> <tr> <td>TEXTILES, TEXTILE PRODUCTS, LEATHER AND FOOTWEAR</td> <td>17-19</td> <td>….MINING AND QUARRYING OF ENERGY PRODUCING MATERIALS</td> <td>10-12</td></tr> <tr> <td>….TEXTILES AND TEXTILE PRODUCTS</td> <td>17+18</td> <td>….MINING AND QUARRYING EXCEPT ENERGY PRODUCING MATERIALS</td> <td>13-14</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..TEXTILES</td> <td>17</td> <td>ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER SUPPLY</td> <td>40-41</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..WEARING APPAREL, DRESSING AND DYING OF FUR</td> <td>18</td> <td>ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND HOT WATER SUPPLY</td> <td>40</td></tr> <tr> <td>….LEATHER, LEATHER PRODUCTS AND FOOTWEAR</td> <td>19</td> <td>COLLECTION, PURIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER</td> <td>41</td></tr> <tr> <td>WOOD AND PRODUCTS OF WOOD AND CORK</td> <td>20</td> <td>CONSTRUCTION</td> <td>45</td></tr> <tr> <td>PULP, PAPER, PAPER PRODUCTS, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING</td> <td>21-22</td> <td>WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS</td> <td>50-55</td></tr> <tr> <td>….PULP, PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS</td> <td>21</td> <td>WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIRS</td> <td>50-52</td></tr> <tr> <td>….PRINTING AND PUBLISHING</td> <td>22</td> <td>...SALE, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES; RETAIL SALE OF FUEL</td> <td>50</td></tr> <tr> <td>CHEMICAL, RUBBER, PLASTICS AND FUEL PRODUCTS</td> <td>23-25</td> <td>...WHOLESALE, TRADE & COMMISSION EXCL. MOTOR VEHICLES</td> <td>51</td></tr> <tr> <td>….COKE, REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND NUCLEAR FUEL</td> <td>23</td> <td>...RETAIL TRADE EXCL. MOTOR VEHICLES; REPAIR OF HOUSEHOLD GOODS</td> <td>52</td></tr> <tr> <td>….CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS</td> <td>24</td> <td>HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS</td> <td>55</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..CHEMICALS EXCLUDING PHARMACEUTICALS</td> <td>24 less 2423</td> <td>TRANSPORT AND STORAGE AND COMMUNICATION</td> <td>60-64</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..PHARMACEUTICALS </td> <td>2423</td> <td>TRANSPORT AND STORAGE</td> <td>60-63</td></tr> <tr> <td>….RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS</td> <td>25</td> <td>....LAND TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT VIA PIPELINES</td> <td>60</td></tr> <tr> <td>OTHER NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS</td> <td>26</td> <td>....WATER TRANSPORT</td> <td>61</td></tr> <tr> <td>BASIC METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT</td> <td>27-35</td> <td>....AIR TRANSPORT</td> <td>62</td></tr> <tr> <td>BASIC METALS AND FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS</td> <td>27-28</td> <td>....SUPPORTING AND AUXILIARY TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES</td> <td>63</td></tr> <tr> <td>….BASIC METALS</td> <td>27</td> <td>POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS</td> <td>64</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..IRON AND STEEL</td> <td>271+2731</td> <td>FINANCE, INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND BUSINESS SERVICES</td> <td>65-74</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..NON-FERROUS METALS</td> <td>272+2732</td> <td>FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION</td> <td>65-67</td></tr> <tr> <td>….FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS, except machinery and equipment</td> <td>28</td> <td>....FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION except insurance and pension funding</td> <td>65</td></tr> <tr> <td>MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT</td> <td>29-33</td> <td>....INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING, except compulsory social security</td> <td>66</td></tr> <tr> <td>….MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, N.E.C.</td> <td>29</td> <td>....ACTIVITIES RELATED TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION</td> <td>67</td></tr> <tr> <td>….ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL EQUIPMENT</td> <td>30-33</td> <td>REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES</td> <td>70-74</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..OFFICE, ACCOUNTING AND COMPUTING MACHINERY</td> <td>30</td> <td>....REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES</td> <td>70</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, NEC</td> <td>31</td> <td>....RENTING AND OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES</td> <td>71-74</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..RADIO, TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT</td> <td>32</td> <td>...…..RENTING OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT</td> <td>71</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..MEDICAL, PRECISION AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS</td> <td>33</td> <td>……..COMPUTER AND RELATED ACTIVITIES</td> <td>72</td></tr> <tr> <td>TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT</td> <td>34-35</td> <td>……..RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT</td> <td>73</td></tr> <tr> <td>….MOTOR VEHICLES, TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS</td> <td>34</td> <td>……..OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES</td> <td>74</td></tr> <tr> <td>….OTHER TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT</td> <td>35</td> <td>COMMUNITY SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES</td> <td>75-99</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..BUILDING AND REPAIRING OF SHIPS AND BOATS</td> <td>351</td> <td>PUBLIC ADMIN. AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY</td> <td>75</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..AIRCRAFT AND SPACECRAFT</td> <td>353</td> <td>EDUCATION</td> <td>80</td></tr> <tr> <td>……..RAILROAD EQUIPMENT AND TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT N.E.C.</td> <td>352+359</td> <td>HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK</td> <td>85</td></tr> <tr> <td>MANUFACTURING NEC; RECYCLING</td> <td>36+37</td> <td>OTHER COMMUNITY, SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES</td> <td>90-93</td></tr> <tr> <td>FURNITURE; MANUFACTURING, N.E.C.</td> <td>36</td> <td>PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS WITH EMPLOYED PERSONS</td> <td>95</td></tr> <tr> <td>RECYCLING</td> <td>37</td> <td>EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND BODIES</td> <td>99</td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>NON-AGRICULTURE BUSINESS SECTOR (1)</td> <td>10-67,71-74</td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>TOTAL SERVICES</td> <td>50-99</td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>BUSINESS SECTOR SERVICES</td> <td>50-74</td></tr> <tr> <td>(1) Excluding "Real estate activities" (70)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>

Population coverage

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="750" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td>To meet basic requirements of international research and analysis in areas such as productivity, competitiveness and general structural change, STAN provides the variables presented in the table below.</td></tr> <tr> <td> Summary of variables provided in STAN <table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2" width="700" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#C3D6E1"> Description</td> <td valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="#C3D6E1"> STAN code</td> <td valign="top" align="center" bgcolor="#C3D6E1"> Old ISDB code</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Production (Gross Output) at current prices</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">PROD</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Production (Gross Output) volumes (quantity index)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">PRDK</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Intermediate Inputs at current prices</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">INTI</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Intermediate Inputs volumes (quantity index)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">INTK</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Value Added at current prices</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">VALU</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> GDP</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Value Added volumes (quantity index)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">VALK</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> GDPV</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Labour Costs (Compensation of employees)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">LABR</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> WSSS</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Wages and Salaries</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">WAGE</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Number Engaged (Total Employment)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">EMPN</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> ET</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Number of Employees</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">EMPE</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> EE</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Number Engaged - full-time equivalent jobs</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">FTEN</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Employees - full-time equivalent jobs</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">FTEE</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Hours Worked</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">HOUR</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> HWY</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Gross Fixed Capital Formation at current prices</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">GFCF</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> IT</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Gross Fixed Capital Formation, volumes (quantity index)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">GFCK</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> ITV</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Gross Capital Stock, volumes</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">CAPK</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> KTVO</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Net Capital Stock, volumes</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">NCPK</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> NTVO</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Exports of goods at current prices</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">EXPO</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> XGS</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Imports of goods at current prices</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">IMPO</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> MGS</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Current price Value Added at basic prices (or factor costs)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">VALB</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Current price Value Added at producer's prices (or market prices)</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">VALP</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Consumption of Fixed Capital</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">CFCC</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C6CCDE">Net Operating Surplus</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB">OPSM</td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F4FB"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr> <td>Variables coverage for each country depends on: <ul> <li>whether national statistical offices compile the measures by industrial activity in the context of annual national accounts;</li> <li>the extent of 'back estimates' made by national statistical offices after revisions of national accounts, to comply with the recommendations of the international manual "A System of National Accounts, 1993" (SNA93) or the European equivalent "European System of Accounts, 1995" (ESA95);</li> <li>the availability of business survey/census data (for detailed sectors).</li></ul> (See the Excel file giving full details of <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/1/18351159.xls">current data coverage</a> by country, variable and industry.) The units used to present data in STAN are: <ul> <li>Current price data (PROD, INTI, VALU, GFCF, LABR, EXPO etc.) and capital stock (CAPK): millions or billions of national currency - i.e. euro for EMU countries ( see page 6 of <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/7/2398234.pdf">OECD Statistics Newsletter no.4</a> );</li> <li>Volumes data (PRDK, INTK, VALK, GFCK): index number with the national reference year=100 (commonly 1995, though more countries are moving towards using 2000 as the reference year);</li> <li>Employment data (EMPN, EMPE, FTEN, FTEE): hundreds or thousands;</li> <li>Hours worked (HOUR): thousands or millions.</li></ul> Details of units used for each country are provided in the STAN Country Notes.</td></tr></tbody></table>

STAN internet pagehttp://www.oecd.org/document/15/0,2340,en_2649_34445_1895503_1_1_1_1,00.htmlProduct coverage

<a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/1/18351159.xls">STAN data coverage</a> by country, industry and variable. <a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/58/55/35870085.xls">STAN data units</a>.

Recommended uses and limitations

<table width="100%" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BFCDE5"> Recommended uses and limitations of STAN</td></tr> <tr> <td>It is recommended that STAN is primarily used for broad analyses, particularly at the detailed level where many of the data points are estimated. For example, looking at trends or average growth rates and shares over a few years or general modelling. This also applies to any indicators that may be calculated (see Annex. 2 in the full documentation for examples). Where the data points are official National Accounts (often at more aggregate industry levels) there is more scope for precise analyses such as looking at year-on-year growth rates. STAN is based on data that Member countries provide. Detailed data collections independent of national statistical offices are not performed. In other words, we do not have the scope to build up National Accounts compatible tables from detailed data using consistent methodologies across countries. Therefore, when comparing variables or indicators across countries, users should refer to the STAN country notes to check for industry inclusions and variable definitions. Some comprises may be necessary in terms of the level of detail analysed. Example of uses of STAN at OECD include: <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/43/0,2340,en_2649_34409_35455595_1_1_1_1,00.html"> OECD's Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2005</a>.</li> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/1/0,2340,en_2649_34409_34062721_1_1_1_1,00.html"> OECD's Input-Output tables</a>.</li> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/topicstatsportal/0,2647,en_2825_30453906_1_1_1_1_1,00.html"> OECD Productivity Database</a>.</li> <li>"Productivity Growth in ICT-producing and ICT-using Industries: a Source of Growth Differentials in the OECD?", OECD, <a href="http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/c5ce8ffa41835d64c125685d005300b0/c1256985004c66e3c1256a6f003a7bb5/$FILE/JT00109724.PDF"> STI Working Paper 2001/4</a> .</li> <li> <a href="http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/LinkTo/STD-DOC(2001)1"> Computer Price Indices and International Growth and Productivity Comparisons</a>, OECD, April 2001.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

Other comments

<table cellpadding="3" width="700" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100%" bgcolor="#BFCDE5">Useful Links</td></tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <ul> <li> <a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/default.asp?Lg=1">U.N.'s classification registry</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/introduction.asp">System of National Accounts 1993, online manual</a></li></ul> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard/">OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2005</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/54/0,2340,en_2649_33703_1900342_119687_1_1_1,00.html"> OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2001</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/topicstatsportal/0,2647,en_2825_30453906_1_1_1_1_1,00.html"> OECD Database on Productivity</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/1/0,2340,en_2649_34409_34062721_1_1_1_1,00.html"> OECD Input-Output Tables</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/findDocument/0,2350,en_2649_33703_1_119684_1_1_1,00.html"> Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers</a></li></ul> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/29/2352458.pdf">OECD's manual on Productivity Measurement</a></li></ul> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/57/1876369.pdf">OECD's manual on Measuring Capital</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/topic/0,2686,en_2649_37451_1_1_1_1_37451,00.html"> OECD's work on Growth</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/statsportal/0,2639,en_2825_293564_1_1_1_1_1,00.html"> Statistics at OECD</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/findDocument/0,2350,en_2649_33715_1_119684_1_1_1,00.html"> Statistics Working Papers</a></li></ul> <ul> <li> <a href="http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_34357_1_1_1_1_1,00.html"> Purchasing Power Parities</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>