Source
Source Contact person/organisation Contact person/organisationIn this dataset, almost all OECD countries compile their data according to 2008 System of National Account (SNA).
The link to the file "ANA_changes.xls" is available for users to provide more information on where OECD countries and non member countries stand regarding the change over the 2008 SNA.
The readers' guide gives general information on the dataset and withheld criteria for this dataset.
Data Characteristics Data Characteristics Other data characteristics Other data characteristicsHousing costs are critical determinants of the living conditions of individuals and households. Concerns about housing affordability are important especially when there are sharp rises in home prices and rents and energy prices. Housing is one of the largest components of both expenditures and assets of households. As a consequence, higher housing prices can both strain the budget of those households that do not own their main residence and increase households' wealth and financial well-being for those that do.
Presenting housing expenditure as a share of adjusted disposable income shows how much income goes to housing services and provides a means to compare such expenditures over time and between countries.
Concepts & Classifications Concepts & Classifications Key statistical concept Key statistical conceptDefinition
Individual consumption expenditures are classified by purpose using the UN Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP). The housing expenditures category, called "Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels", is one out of the twelve categories included as part of individual consumption expenditures. Housing and energy expenditures consist of actual rentals for housing, imputed rentals for owner-occupied housing, housing maintenance and repairs, as well as costs for water, electricity, gas and other fuels.
The order of the categories in COICOP are designed to broadly reflect differences in the responsiveness of expenditures to changes in household income, known as "income elasticity of demand". The types of expenditures with low responsiveness where percent changes in expenditures are generally less than percent changes in income are at the top of the categories; the expenditures that generally increase at a higher rate than changes in income are ranked lower. Thus, food and non-alcoholic beverages, which reflect purchases for home use and which have a low income elasticity, are at the top of the hierarchy, and restaurant meals, which have a relatively high income elasticity, are much lower in the hierarchy.
Other manipulations Other manipulationsHousing expenditures of households, as defined in national accounts, include actual and imputed rentals (the rental-equivalence that home owners would pay for a house with similar characteristics to the one they own). This imputation is necessary in order for GDP to be invariant when housing units shift between tenant occupancy and owner occupancy. It is also a means to improve comparability across countries because owner-occupancy rates vary.
Adjusted disposable income also includes the imputed income of home owner-occupiers that provide housing services to themselves.
Rentals normally include payment for the use of the land on which the property stands, the dwelling occupied, the fixtures and fittings for heating, plumbing, lighting, etc., and, in the case of a dwelling let furnished, the furniture.
The consumption on housing does not include the purchase of dwellings which is included in gross fixed capital formation.
Other Aspects Other Aspects Recommended uses and limitations Recommended uses and limitationsComparability
Comparability is good, though imputed rents are subject to discussion. The adjusted disposable income is highly comparable among countries.
Housing consumption data correspond to national concept, rather than domestic, in Australia, New Zealand, Poland, Switzerland and South Africa. The data are also including NPISH's sector (non-profit institutions serving household) for Australia, Mexico and South Africa.
In this dataset, almost all OECD countries compile their data according to 2008 System of National Account (SNA).
The link to the file "ANA_changes.xls" is available for users to provide more information on where OECD countries and non member countries stand regarding the change over the 2008 SNA.
The readers' guide gives general information on the dataset and withheld criteria for this dataset.
Housing costs are critical determinants of the living conditions of individuals and households. Concerns about housing affordability are important especially when there are sharp rises in home prices and rents and energy prices. Housing is one of the largest components of both expenditures and assets of households. As a consequence, higher housing prices can both strain the budget of those households that do not own their main residence and increase households' wealth and financial well-being for those that do.
Presenting housing expenditure as a share of adjusted disposable income shows how much income goes to housing services and provides a means to compare such expenditures over time and between countries.
Definition
Individual consumption expenditures are classified by purpose using the UN Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP). The housing expenditures category, called "Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels", is one out of the twelve categories included as part of individual consumption expenditures. Housing and energy expenditures consist of actual rentals for housing, imputed rentals for owner-occupied housing, housing maintenance and repairs, as well as costs for water, electricity, gas and other fuels.
The order of the categories in COICOP are designed to broadly reflect differences in the responsiveness of expenditures to changes in household income, known as "income elasticity of demand". The types of expenditures with low responsiveness where percent changes in expenditures are generally less than percent changes in income are at the top of the categories; the expenditures that generally increase at a higher rate than changes in income are ranked lower. Thus, food and non-alcoholic beverages, which reflect purchases for home use and which have a low income elasticity, are at the top of the hierarchy, and restaurant meals, which have a relatively high income elasticity, are much lower in the hierarchy.
Housing expenditures of households, as defined in national accounts, include actual and imputed rentals (the rental-equivalence that home owners would pay for a house with similar characteristics to the one they own). This imputation is necessary in order for GDP to be invariant when housing units shift between tenant occupancy and owner occupancy. It is also a means to improve comparability across countries because owner-occupancy rates vary.
Adjusted disposable income also includes the imputed income of home owner-occupiers that provide housing services to themselves.
Rentals normally include payment for the use of the land on which the property stands, the dwelling occupied, the fixtures and fittings for heating, plumbing, lighting, etc., and, in the case of a dwelling let furnished, the furniture.
The consumption on housing does not include the purchase of dwellings which is included in gross fixed capital formation.
Comparability
Comparability is good, though imputed rents are subject to discussion. The adjusted disposable income is highly comparable among countries.
Housing consumption data correspond to national concept, rather than domestic, in Australia, New Zealand, Poland, Switzerland and South Africa. The data are also including NPISH's sector (non-profit institutions serving household) for Australia, Mexico and South Africa.