External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 8.085 | 4.663 | 5.710 | 3.421 | 3.865 | 4.143 | 1.846 | 1.955 | 1.656 | -1.068 | -2.103 | -2.160 | -1.537 | -0.946 | -1.767 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 56 897 369 412.050 | 59 234 948 769.585 | 64 047 677 413.622 | 71 209 079 764.305 | 75 900 880 003.041 | 81 503 526 303.730 | 87 995 939 403.064 | 73 038 537 932.590 | 77 642 692 813.354 | 82 462 078 066.858 | 83 389 565 652.477 | 83 493 852 534.114 | 82 744 983 969.170 | 84 369 196 678.914 | 89 196 347 976.795 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 61 360 364 673.671 | 62 198 018 567.407 | 67 451 485 041.137 | 73 494 904 617.724 | 79 559 287 656.451 | 86 100 171 045.806 | 92 339 356 985.816 | 75 137 355 896.109 | 79 826 717 120.041 | 83 067 854 540.367 | 83 629 774 269.443 | 83 922 088 221.013 | 82 724 529 139.566 | 83 698 598 055.962 | 87 728 471 322.297 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 65 823 359 935.293 | 65 161 088 365.229 | 70 855 292 668.651 | 75 780 729 471.143 | 83 217 695 309.862 | 90 696 815 787.881 | 96 682 774 568.568 | 77 236 173 859.628 | 82 010 741 426.729 | 83 673 631 013.876 | 83 869 982 886.408 | 84 350 323 907.913 | 82 704 074 309.962 | 83 027 999 433.009 | 86 260 594 667.798 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 42.630 | 45.146 | 44.933 | 42.139 | 40.216 | 35.997 | 34.713 | 44.127 | 50.114 | 51.934 | 57.666 | 60.555 | 64.457 | 68.332 | 68.023 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 50.414 | 51.820 | 51.762 | 48.567 | 45.970 | 42.054 | 40.854 | 51.932 | 58.866 | 60.464 | 67.538 | 69.227 | 75.666 | 79.250 | 80.440 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 4.057 | 2.424 | 2.210 | 2.652 | 3.971 | 5.108 | 4.177 | -2.484 | -2.534 | -1.019 | -2.156 | -2.525 | -2.987 | -2.425 | -1.698 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 45 490 000 000.000 | 46 059 000 000.000 | 46 726 000 000.000 | 47 652 000 000.000 | 48 202 000 000.000 | 48 811 000 000.000 | 49 676 000 000.000 | 50 384 000 000.000 | 50 256 000 000.000 | 50 192 000 000.000 | 50 474 000 000.000 | 51 064 000 000.000 | 50 897 000 000.000 | 51 545 000 000.000 | 51 986 000 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 89 673 000 000.000 | 93 374 000 000.000 | 96 874 000 000.000 | 99 950 000 000.000 | 103 876 000 000.000 | 107 515 000 000.000 | 109 629 000 000.000 | 106 430 000 000.000 | 109 624 000 000.000 | 112 797 000 000.000 | 113 232 000 000.000 | 112 639 000 000.000 | 113 323 000 000.000 | 115 144 000 000.000 | 117 941 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 148 486 000 000.000 | 151 749 000 000.000 | 158 758 000 000.000 | 164 687 000 000.000 | 172 897 000 000.000 | 187 072 000 000.000 | 194 265 000 000.000 | 181 747 000 000.000 | 188 143 000 000.000 | 197 998 000 000.000 | 201 037 000 000.000 | 204 321 000 000.000 | 206 897 000 000.000 | 211 385 000 000.000 | 217 518 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 184 448 000 000.000 | 188 144 000 000.000 | 195 655 000 000.000 | 201 091 000 000.000 | 209 193 000 000.000 | 220 278 000 000.000 | 222 009 000 000.000 | 204 083 000 000.000 | 210 583 000 000.000 | 215 949 000 000.000 | 212 930 000 000.000 | 211 011 000 000.000 | 210 239 000 000.000 | 211 385 000 000.000 | 217 328 000 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 40 939 000 000.000 | 42 084 000 000.000 | 44 046 000 000.000 | 45 478 000 000.000 | 46 095 000 000.000 | 50 843 000 000.000 | 51 164 000 000.000 | 45 011 000 000.000 | 46 046 000 000.000 | 47 835 000 000.000 | 47 700 000 000.000 | 45 501 000 000.000 | 44 667 000 000.000 | 44 877 000 000.000 | 48 909 000 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.427 | 1.251 | 1.448 | 1.982 | 1.154 | 1.263 | 1.772 | 1.425 | -0.254 | -0.127 | 0.562 | 1.169 | -0.327 | 1.273 | 0.856 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.007 | 1.290 | 0.147 | 0.774 | 1.275 | 1.583 | 3.916 | 1.634 | 1.686 | 3.324 | 3.162 | 2.216 | 1.209 | -0.156 | 0.389 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.501 | 4.127 | 3.748 | 3.175 | 3.928 | 3.503 | 1.966 | -2.918 | 3.001 | 2.894 | 0.386 | -0.524 | 0.607 | 1.607 | 2.429 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.706 | 2.004 | 3.992 | 2.778 | 4.029 | 5.299 | 0.786 | -8.074 | 3.185 | 2.548 | -1.398 | -0.901 | -0.366 | 0.545 | 2.811 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -2.954 | 2.797 | 4.662 | 3.251 | 1.357 | 10.300 | 0.631 | -12.026 | 2.299 | 3.885 | -0.282 | -4.610 | -1.833 | 0.470 | 8.985 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.293 | 4.108 | 8.125 | 11.181 | 6.589 | 7.382 | 7.966 | -16.998 | 6.304 | 6.207 | 1.125 | 0.125 | -0.897 | 1.963 | 5.721 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.374 | 1.117 | 0.650 | 0.478 | 0.719 | 1.475 | 1.756 | 2.152 | 1.707 | 1.759 | 2.119 | 1.825 | 1.563 | 0.770 | 1.118 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.945 | 0.190 | 0.603 | 0.930 | 0.919 | 2.754 | 3.035 | 1.774 | 0.324 | 2.623 | 2.974 | 2.558 | 1.633 | 1.615 | 0.087 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.983 | -1.006 | 8.739 | 6.951 | 9.814 | 8.987 | 6.600 | -20.114 | 6.182 | 2.028 | 0.235 | 0.573 | -1.952 | 0.392 | 3.893 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.804 | 0.815 | 0.816 | 0.822 | 0.833 | 0.846 | 0.879 | 0.893 | 0.908 | 0.938 | 0.968 | 0.990 | 1.002 | 1.000 | 1.004 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.805 | 0.807 | 0.811 | 0.819 | 0.826 | 0.849 | 0.875 | 0.891 | 0.893 | 0.917 | 0.944 | 0.968 | 0.984 | 1.000 | 1.001 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.873 | 0.874 | 0.889 | 0.932 | 0.983 | 0.994 | 1.011 | 0.940 | 0.996 | 1.057 | 1.080 | 1.061 | 1.044 | 1.000 | 0.976 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.979 | 0.964 | 0.960 | 0.971 | 0.993 | 1.003 | 1.001 | 0.942 | 0.978 | 1.021 | 1.032 | 1.022 | 1.012 | 1.000 | 0.974 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 2 372 250.000 | 2 365 000.000 | 2 364 750.000 | 2 400 750.000 | 2 443 500.000 | 2 491 500.000 | 2 530 750.000 | 2 457 250.000 | 2 411 583.333 | 2 438 916.667 | 2 449 666.667 | 2 426 583.333 | 2 418 000.000 | 2 401 500.000 | 2 414 750.000 |
Labour force | Persons | | 2 609 500.000 | 2 599 750.000 | 2 593 500.000 | 2 620 750.000 | 2 648 000.000 | 2 674 750.000 | 2 702 750.000 | 2 678 000.000 | 2 637 500.000 | 2 649 666.667 | 2 657 833.333 | 2 646 500.000 | 2 650 083.333 | 2 652 333.333 | 2 651 416.667 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 9.092 | 9.030 | 8.820 | 8.395 | 7.723 | 6.851 | 6.364 | 8.243 | 8.566 | 7.954 | 7.832 | 8.310 | 8.758 | 9.457 | 8.926 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.981 | 4.135 | 4.109 | 3.351 | 3.783 | 4.293 | 4.290 | 3.738 | 3.011 | 3.006 | 1.883 | 1.861 | 1.448 | 0.723 | 0.365 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |