External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -0.498 | -0.787 | -0.483 | -0.883 | -1.474 | -1.368 | -2.795 | -1.887 | -3.299 | -2.824 | -0.231 | 1.145 | 1.908 | 1.447 | 2.646 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 427 116 831 576.085 | 429 650 308 384.688 | 447 192 383 156.956 | 465 670 588 482.342 | 504 806 348 337.360 | 529 350 874 905.276 | 506 992 021 248.829 | 440 923 037 629.974 | 493 269 909 406.751 | 499 084 391 782.775 | 457 976 411 870.541 | 445 854 197 955.283 | 460 705 036 065.128 | 489 688 916 044.160 | 510 214 893 086.712 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 427 760 436 314.737 | 425 659 533 095.363 | 445 944 297 122.463 | 464 304 132 828.694 | 503 951 892 111.391 | 530 151 066 395.882 | 509 938 492 275.268 | 431 556 990 897.651 | 481 636 954 788.818 | 499 435 160 400.400 | 483 223 959 316.347 | 478 657 190 633.554 | 492 057 577 615.368 | 517 327 224 402.910 | 533 105 230 852.008 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 428 404 041 053.388 | 421 668 757 806.037 | 444 696 211 087.970 | 462 937 677 175.047 | 503 097 435 885.422 | 530 951 257 886.487 | 512 884 963 301.708 | 422 190 944 165.328 | 470 004 000 170.884 | 499 785 929 018.025 | 508 471 506 762.153 | 511 460 183 311.824 | 523 410 119 165.607 | 544 965 532 761.660 | 555 995 568 617.304 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 106.403 | 105.427 | 105.285 | 106.513 | 106.583 | 103.912 | 106.187 | 116.702 | 119.346 | 119.643 | 126.490 | 132.483 | 135.268 | 135.379 | 134.705 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 116.339 | 113.884 | 116.195 | 118.759 | 115.905 | 111.346 | 114.142 | 127.026 | 125.710 | 118.885 | 137.543 | 145.047 | 158.071 | 158.957 | 156.248 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.870 | -3.216 | -3.485 | -4.081 | -3.611 | -1.341 | -2.564 | -5.125 | -4.245 | -3.591 | -2.945 | -2.855 | -2.952 | -2.554 | -2.402 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 321 809 700 000.000 | 326 317 000 000.000 | 328 392 700 000.000 | 330 246 700 000.000 | 328 691 500 000.000 | 330 363 400 000.000 | 334 738 000 000.000 | 334 452 600 000.000 | 336 749 500 000.000 | 329 891 100 000.000 | 323 823 900 000.000 | 320 117 300 000.000 | 318 108 100 000.000 | 316 344 000 000.000 | 318 449 300 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 1 008 829 100 000.000 | 1 015 397 400 000.000 | 1 025 762 400 000.000 | 1 039 659 600 000.000 | 1 053 313 700 000.000 | 1 066 144 200 000.000 | 1 054 088 300 000.000 | 1 038 437 900 000.000 | 1 049 489 300 000.000 | 1 049 794 600 000.000 | 1 010 757 600 000.000 | 986 176 400 000.000 | 987 669 200 000.000 | 1 006 137 600 000.000 | 1 018 397 800 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 1 349 719 100 000.000 | 1 395 581 600 000.000 | 1 449 783 600 000.000 | 1 494 262 800 000.000 | 1 554 973 000 000.000 | 1 614 492 300 000.000 | 1 637 350 300 000.000 | 1 576 010 300 000.000 | 1 609 287 500 000.000 | 1 649 466 500 000.000 | 1 624 444 000 000.000 | 1 612 457 200 000.000 | 1 628 612 200 000.000 | 1 654 178 800 000.000 | 1 696 828 500 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 1 696 326 700 000.000 | 1 700 460 400 000.000 | 1 720 517 400 000.000 | 1 738 363 900 000.000 | 1 771 397 800 000.000 | 1 794 707 000 000.000 | 1 777 442 800 000.000 | 1 682 647 700 000.000 | 1 710 645 600 000.000 | 1 725 618 400 000.000 | 1 673 542 800 000.000 | 1 642 341 700 000.000 | 1 643 784 200 000.000 | 1 654 178 700 000.000 | 1 677 798 600 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 363 486 000 000.000 | 361 785 000 000.000 | 365 872 100 000.000 | 373 309 300 000.000 | 383 596 000 000.000 | 388 096 100 000.000 | 375 448 500 000.000 | 338 704 600 000.000 | 337 732 200 000.000 | 334 154 900 000.000 | 301 118 400 000.000 | 281 759 200 000.000 | 275 959 300 000.000 | 280 018 000 000.000 | 291 826 600 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.342 | 1.401 | 0.636 | 0.565 | -0.471 | 0.509 | 1.324 | -0.085 | 0.687 | -2.037 | -1.839 | -1.145 | -0.628 | -0.555 | 0.666 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.612 | 2.813 | 2.257 | 2.207 | 2.229 | 2.025 | 3.492 | 0.765 | 1.620 | 2.935 | 3.315 | 1.245 | 0.234 | 0.108 | -0.050 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.035 | 0.651 | 1.021 | 1.355 | 1.313 | 1.218 | -1.131 | -1.485 | 1.064 | 0.029 | -3.719 | -2.432 | 0.151 | 1.870 | 1.219 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.249 | 0.244 | 1.180 | 1.037 | 1.900 | 1.316 | -0.962 | -5.333 | 1.664 | 0.875 | -3.018 | -1.864 | 0.088 | 0.632 | 1.428 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.822 | -0.468 | 1.130 | 2.033 | 2.756 | 1.173 | -3.259 | -9.787 | -0.287 | -1.059 | -9.887 | -6.429 | -2.058 | 1.471 | 4.217 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.767 | 0.593 | 4.083 | 4.132 | 8.404 | 4.862 | -4.224 | -13.032 | 11.872 | 1.179 | -8.237 | -2.647 | 3.331 | 6.291 | 4.192 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.951 | 2.544 | 2.117 | 1.944 | 1.615 | 1.819 | 2.219 | 1.610 | 1.639 | 2.031 | 2.025 | 1.249 | 0.701 | 0.722 | 0.542 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.275 | 3.147 | 2.673 | 2.010 | 2.122 | 2.479 | 2.401 | 1.676 | 0.440 | 1.607 | 1.547 | 1.148 | 0.913 | 0.932 | 1.134 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -2.496 | -1.572 | 5.461 | 4.102 | 8.675 | 5.536 | -3.403 | -17.683 | 11.325 | 6.337 | 1.738 | 0.588 | 2.336 | 4.118 | 2.024 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.779 | 0.801 | 0.819 | 0.837 | 0.856 | 0.873 | 0.904 | 0.911 | 0.926 | 0.953 | 0.984 | 0.997 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 0.999 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.796 | 0.821 | 0.843 | 0.860 | 0.878 | 0.900 | 0.921 | 0.937 | 0.941 | 0.956 | 0.971 | 0.982 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 1.011 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.831 | 0.823 | 0.840 | 0.881 | 0.926 | 0.937 | 0.988 | 0.912 | 0.972 | 1.038 | 1.074 | 1.054 | 1.027 | 1.000 | 0.961 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.856 | 0.855 | 0.865 | 0.883 | 0.901 | 0.923 | 0.949 | 0.927 | 0.949 | 0.987 | 1.006 | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.000 | 0.993 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 22 153 295.404 | 22 182 531.475 | 22 327 863.917 | 22 363 871.167 | 22 667 403.583 | 22 833 211.417 | 23 022 359.667 | 22 532 513.583 | 22 339 076.083 | 22 416 422.583 | 22 282 104.083 | 21 861 549.500 | 21 921 481.000 | 22 124 287.667 | 22 442 370.500 |
Labour force | Persons | | 24 230 619.296 | 24 237 391.587 | 24 274 192.833 | 24 242 296.250 | 24 333 811.500 | 24 340 978.083 | 24 694 875.333 | 24 451 486.083 | 24 407 862.917 | 24 520 012.417 | 25 002 342.417 | 24 934 274.167 | 25 125 227.083 | 25 137 664.417 | 25 409 446.083 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 8.573 | 8.478 | 8.018 | 7.749 | 6.848 | 6.194 | 6.773 | 7.848 | 8.476 | 8.579 | 10.880 | 12.323 | 12.751 | 11.987 | 11.677 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 5.035 | 4.248 | 4.259 | 3.555 | 4.046 | 4.487 | 4.681 | 4.311 | 4.036 | 5.423 | 5.493 | 4.316 | 2.893 | 1.714 | 1.487 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |