External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 2.450 | 5.110 | 7.564 | 7.050 | 9.083 | 6.885 | 4.966 | 5.415 | 6.939 | 8.540 | 10.201 | 9.751 | 8.173 | 5.202 | 7.115 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 339 329 004 386.804 | 346 828 104 306.966 | 367 184 229 744.543 | 387 407 294 115.964 | 418 447 114 323.727 | 451 234 469 867.018 | 448 220 636 718.562 | 413 304 304 116.761 | 447 707 242 771.641 | 464 877 664 516.977 | 474 962 584 489.455 | 486 318 237 643.733 | 502 227 905 787.232 | 575 230 750 892.025 | 563 237 513 462.412 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 358 529 228 884.607 | 366 177 146 343.203 | 391 026 096 851.689 | 413 223 289 483.553 | 445 356 336 503.686 | 474 358 822 658.174 | 476 866 220 474.048 | 437 612 257 633.853 | 476 883 579 789.795 | 498 564 686 943.938 | 512 252 124 976.190 | 525 149 171 171.682 | 545 874 251 642.790 | 604 115 993 752.859 | 602 914 805 329.380 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 377 729 453 382.412 | 385 526 188 379.440 | 414 867 963 958.834 | 439 039 284 851.143 | 472 265 558 683.646 | 497 483 175 449.329 | 505 511 804 229.533 | 461 920 211 150.945 | 506 059 916 807.949 | 532 251 709 370.898 | 549 541 665 462.926 | 563 980 104 699.631 | 589 520 597 498.348 | 633 001 236 613.693 | 642 592 097 196.347 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 48.863 | 49.991 | 50.348 | 49.813 | 45.181 | 42.991 | 54.699 | 56.778 | 59.298 | 61.741 | 66.275 | 67.694 | 67.887 | 64.643 | 61.924 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 58.921 | 59.942 | 60.321 | 59.487 | 53.095 | 50.475 | 62.701 | 65.305 | 69.458 | 73.791 | 79.550 | 78.952 | 83.458 | 79.794 | 77.786 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.025 | -3.088 | -1.788 | -0.472 | -0.033 | -0.232 | 0.125 | -5.217 | -5.343 | -4.445 | -3.934 | -2.957 | -2.254 | -1.943 | 0.127 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 138 003 000 000.000 | 141 769 000 000.000 | 141 102 000 000.000 | 142 893 000 000.000 | 154 857 000 000.000 | 159 710 000 000.000 | 164 813 000 000.000 | 172 566 000 000.000 | 174 237 000 000.000 | 173 622 000 000.000 | 171 679 000 000.000 | 171 688 000 000.000 | 172 542 000 000.000 | 172 329 000 000.000 | 174 650 000 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 302 822 000 000.000 | 302 552 000 000.000 | 304 647 000 000.000 | 307 383 000 000.000 | 307 015 000 000.000 | 312 761 000 000.000 | 315 601 000 000.000 | 309 660 000 000.000 | 309 963 000 000.000 | 310 120 000 000.000 | 306 534 000 000.000 | 303 600 000 000.000 | 304 784 000 000.000 | 310 853 000 000.000 | 314 325 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 501 229 000 000.000 | 513 058 000 000.000 | 528 979 000 000.000 | 550 610 000 000.000 | 584 662 000 000.000 | 619 254 000 000.000 | 647 239 000 000.000 | 624 829 000 000.000 | 638 747 000 000.000 | 649 975 000 000.000 | 652 529 999 999.999 | 660 448 000 000.001 | 671 538 000 000.000 | 690 162 000 000.000 | 708 177 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 595 672 000 000.000 | 596 938 000 000.000 | 607 448 000 000.000 | 619 932 000 000.000 | 642 358 000 000.000 | 666 570 000 000.000 | 681 084 000 000.000 | 656 067 000 000.000 | 664 607 000 000.000 | 674 828 000 000.000 | 667 871 000 000.000 | 667 315 000 000.000 | 676 869 000 000.000 | 690 117 000 000.000 | 704 898 000 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 121 461 000 000.000 | 119 319 000 000.000 | 119 380 000 000.000 | 123 232 000 000.000 | 131 969 000 000.000 | 151 444 000 000.000 | 147 141 000 000.000 | 134 491 000 000.000 | 125 363 000 000.000 | 131 126 000 000.000 | 122 828 000 000.000 | 120 984 000 000.000 | 118 306 000 000.000 | 152 642 000 000.000 | 141 419 000 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.311 | 2.729 | -0.470 | 1.269 | 8.373 | 3.134 | 3.195 | 4.704 | 0.968 | -0.353 | -1.119 | 0.005 | 0.497 | -0.123 | 1.347 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.859 | 2.234 | 1.386 | 1.492 | 1.650 | 1.585 | 2.210 | 0.974 | 0.931 | 2.475 | 2.824 | 2.562 | 0.318 | 0.212 | 0.104 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.177 | -0.089 | 0.692 | 0.898 | -0.120 | 1.872 | 0.908 | -1.882 | 0.098 | 0.051 | -1.156 | -0.957 | 0.390 | 1.991 | 1.117 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.218 | 0.213 | 1.761 | 2.055 | 3.617 | 3.769 | 2.177 | -3.673 | 1.302 | 1.538 | -1.031 | -0.083 | 1.432 | 1.957 | 2.142 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -4.042 | -1.764 | 0.051 | 3.227 | 7.090 | 14.757 | -2.841 | -8.597 | -6.787 | 4.597 | -6.328 | -1.501 | -2.214 | 29.023 | -7.352 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.230 | 2.210 | 5.869 | 5.508 | 8.012 | 7.835 | -0.668 | -7.790 | 8.324 | 3.835 | 2.169 | 2.391 | 3.271 | 14.536 | -2.085 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.969 | 2.117 | 1.471 | 0.680 | 0.876 | 1.269 | 1.120 | 1.322 | 1.066 | 1.661 | 2.249 | 2.545 | 0.594 | 0.916 | 0.598 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.761 | 2.143 | 1.319 | 1.993 | 2.477 | 2.069 | 2.292 | 0.219 | 0.914 | 0.217 | 1.439 | 1.298 | 0.244 | 0.800 | 0.459 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.628 | 2.064 | 7.611 | 5.826 | 7.568 | 5.340 | 1.614 | -8.623 | 9.556 | 5.176 | 3.248 | 2.627 | 4.529 | 7.376 | 1.515 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.813 | 0.832 | 0.843 | 0.856 | 0.870 | 0.884 | 0.903 | 0.912 | 0.920 | 0.943 | 0.970 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.001 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.841 | 0.859 | 0.871 | 0.888 | 0.910 | 0.929 | 0.950 | 0.952 | 0.961 | 0.963 | 0.977 | 0.990 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 1.005 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.873 | 0.864 | 0.875 | 0.899 | 0.924 | 0.939 | 0.982 | 0.922 | 0.976 | 1.038 | 1.063 | 1.050 | 1.031 | 1.000 | 0.965 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.886 | 0.877 | 0.884 | 0.911 | 0.937 | 0.951 | 0.992 | 0.940 | 0.977 | 1.023 | 1.047 | 1.038 | 1.019 | 1.000 | 0.971 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 8 009 001.621 | 7 955 500.000 | 7 925 250.000 | 7 981 250.000 | 8 104 500.000 | 8 332 166.667 | 8 523 666.667 | 8 529 833.333 | 8 439 833.333 | 8 443 000.000 | 8 495 416.667 | 8 433 333.333 | 8 381 666.667 | 8 457 750.000 | 8 569 416.667 |
Labour force | Persons | | 8 381 466.160 | 8 455 666.667 | 8 501 916.667 | 8 580 083.333 | 8 629 000.000 | 8 798 166.667 | 8 949 916.667 | 9 018 333.333 | 8 987 500.000 | 8 985 500.000 | 9 117 250.000 | 9 187 916.667 | 9 144 083.333 | 9 182 750.000 | 9 215 250.000 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 4.444 | 5.915 | 6.783 | 6.979 | 6.078 | 5.297 | 4.763 | 5.417 | 6.094 | 6.038 | 6.820 | 8.213 | 8.338 | 7.895 | 7.008 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.890 | 4.123 | 4.095 | 3.374 | 3.782 | 4.288 | 4.228 | 3.687 | 2.990 | 2.989 | 1.932 | 1.961 | 1.455 | 0.690 | 0.291 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |