| Country | Germany |
| Year | 2000 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2030 | Comparison with other OECD countries |
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| Subject | | | | | | | | |
| Population and migration | Total population | Evolution of the population | Total population | | 82 211.501 | 82 534.176 | 82 516.267 | 82 469.421 | 82 683.38 | 81 028.418 | /  |
Population growth rates | | 0.13551726 | 0.05538106 | -0.02169889 | -0.05677184 | 0.25944041 | -0.28091843 | /  |
Total fertility rates | | 1.38 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.34 | .. | .. | /  |
Regional Population | Share of national population in the 10% of regions with the largest population | | .. | .. | 28.06931989 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Range of variation in regional population density | | .. | .. | 2 160.48561212 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of the national population into urban, intermediate and rural regions | | .. | .. | 48.67419652 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of the national population into intermediate regions | | .. | .. | 39.76889331 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of the national population into rural regions | | .. | .. | 11.55691017 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Index of geographic concentration of population | | .. | .. | 30.72754565 | .. | .. | .. |  |
| Elderly population | Elderly Population by region | Percentage of elderly population by country | | .. | .. | 0.18583792 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Share of national elderly population in the 10% of regions with the largest elderly population | | .. | .. | 27.20948191 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of elderly population into urban regions | | .. | .. | 48.41734651 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of elderly population into intermediate regions | | .. | .. | 39.87417952 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Distribution of elderly population into rural regions | | .. | .. | 11.70847397 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Index of geographic concentration of elderly population | | .. | .. | 30.22082891 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Ageing societies | Ratio of population aged 65 and over to the total population | | 16.73919761 | .. | .. | 18.69165517 | .. | 27.88730619 | /  |
Ratio of inactive population aged 65 and over to the total labour force | | 34.46662113 | .. | .. | 37.29350422 | .. | 62.11453897 | /  |
| International migration | Trends in migration | Net migration rate | | 2.031334 | 1.732609 | 1.005859 | 0.9579299 | 0.2792058 | .. | /  |
Immigrant population | Foreign-born population | | 12.48306232 | .. | .. | 12.9 | .. | .. | /  |
Foreign population | | 8.88304542 | .. | .. | 8.8 | .. | .. | /  |
Migration and unemployment | Unemployment rate of native-born men | | 6.92179037 | 9.3 | 10.32303788 | 10.6 | .. | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of the foreign-born men | | 12.89777638 | 16.9 | 18.31215667 | 17.5 | .. | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of the native-born women | | 7.96944449 | 8.8 | 9.55207374 | 10.2 | .. | .. | /  |
Unemployment rate of the foreign-born women | | 12.05934888 | 14 | 15.21930019 | 16.3 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of recent immigrants | Educational attainment of Foreign-born labour force present in the country for 10 years or less: low | | .. | .. | .. | 32.66824266 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of Foreign-born labour force present in the country for 10 years or less: Intermediate | | .. | .. | .. | 41.02935172 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of Foreign-born labour force present in the country for 10 years or less: high | | .. | .. | .. | 26.30240562 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of native-born labour force aged 25-34: low | | .. | .. | .. | 9.75349617 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of native-born labour force aged 25-34: intermediate | | .. | .. | .. | 64.94898637 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of native-born labour force aged 25-34: high | | .. | .. | .. | 25.29751746 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of native-born labour force aged 25-64: low | | .. | .. | .. | 10.13813799 | .. | .. | /  |
onal attainment of native-born labour force aged 25-64: intermediate | | .. | .. | .. | 61.61425998 | .. | .. | /  |
Educational attainment of native-born labour force aged 25-64: high | | .. | .. | .. | 28.24760203 | .. | .. | /  |
| Macroeconomic trends | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Size of GDP | Gross domestic product | | 2 130.31918416 | 2 359.99188624 | 2 469.71296953 | 2 514.78303319 | 2 631.59752943 | .. | /  |
GDP per capita | | 25 920.07573075 | 28 599.02915952 | 29 935.55192698 | 30 495.52572261 | 31 950.04649291 | .. | /  |
Volume index of GDP per capita | | 104.23255924 | 104.87209849 | 106.00730766 | 106.8859407 | 110.08133026 | .. | /  |
National income per capita | Gross national income per capita | | 25 677.02396608 | 28 399.05535825 | 30 139.57181099 | 30 772.68366823 | 32 255.07298965 | .. | /  |
Regional GDP | National GDP per capita | | .. | .. | 29 935.55192698 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Share of total population living in regions with a GDP per capita below the national average | | .. | .. | 29 935.55192698 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Variation of regional GDP per capita | | .. | .. | 124.45797291 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Gini index of Regional disparities in GDP | | .. | .. | 0.12361548 | .. | .. | .. |  |
| Economic growth | Evolution of GDP | Real GDP growth | | 3.20982558 | -0.21730541 | 1.0591962 | 0.78362229 | 2.86713966 | .. | /  |
Household saving | Household net saving rates | | 9.32111091 | 10.40605906 | 10.53544783 | 10.65652085 | 10.60573601 | .. | /  |
Investment rates | Gross fixed capital formation | | 21.45115152 | 17.87226176 | 17.51311505 | 17.41156554 | 17.96184652 | .. | /  |
Gross fixed capital formation: machinery and equipment | | 8.56533333 | 6.89758758 | 6.98760854 | 7.22222222 | 7.47911463 | .. | /  |
Gross fixed capital formation: housing | | 6.83248485 | 5.69322488 | 5.47078509 | 5.22943954 | 5.39186978 | .. | /  |
Inflation | GDP deflator | | -0.67811879 | 1.18199566 | 1.11953634 | 0.72121812 | 0.57360054 | .. | /  |
Steel production | Steel production | | 46.4 | 44.8 | 46.4 | 44.5 | 47.2 | .. | /  |
| Economic structure | Value added by activity | Value added in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing | | 1.26387243 | 0.97875768 | 1.08868587 | 0.87840505 | 0.85186848 | .. | /  |
Value added in industry, including energy | | 25.06949682 | 24.47355867 | 25.01275804 | 25.0177655 | 25.37507998 | .. | /  |
Value added in construction | | 5.18316992 | 4.38748134 | 4.16512403 | 3.94048559 | 4.00578736 | .. | /  |
Value added in in transport, trade, hotels and restaurants | | 18.16991703 | 17.75511565 | 17.65462241 | 17.6653178 | 17.90786068 | .. | /  |
Value added in banks, insurance, real estate and other business services | | 27.52612865 | 29.25090155 | 29.16287261 | 29.67874062 | 29.51218115 | .. | /  |
Value added in government, health, education and other personal services | | 22.78741515 | 23.15418511 | 22.91593704 | 22.81928543 | 22.34722235 | .. | /  |
Evolution of value added by activity | Real value added in agriculture, forestry and fishing | | -0.40834278 | -5.51008956 | 20.65108099 | -10.61143766 | -3.15072725 | .. | /  |
Real value added in industry | | 4.49671383 | -0.42905285 | 3.39560294 | 0.32247683 | 5.27992209 | .. | /  |
Real value added in services | | 3.36315469 | 0.05904898 | 0.39949566 | 1.40812328 | 1.92340397 | .. | /  |
Small and medium-sized enterprises | Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with less than 20 employees | | 14.16363043 | 13.07412135 | 13.38282762 | 14.10994542 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 20 or more employees | | 85.83638287 | 86.92587865 | 86.61717238 | 85.89005458 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with less than 10 employees | | 7.16692152 | 5.17342814 | 5.12994124 | 5.3060707 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 10-19 employees | | 6.99670891 | 7.90069321 | 8.25288638 | 8.80387472 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 20-49 employees | | 7.38430164 | 7.68507871 | 7.75301932 | 7.63879668 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 50-249 employees | | 23.20178691 | 23.82496697 | 24.09617892 | 24.27155496 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in manufacturing in enterprises with 250 or more employees | | 55.25029431 | 55.41583298 | 54.76797415 | 53.97970294 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with less than 20 employees | | 83.56134243 | 81.48458953 | 81.30521616 | 81.97944151 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 20 or more employees | | 16.43779472 | 18.51541047 | 18.69478384 | 18.02055849 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with less than 10 employees | | 67.2616043 | 60.20735989 | 59.89098172 | 59.87317686 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 10-19 employees | | 16.29973812 | 21.27722964 | 21.41423444 | 22.10626465 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 20-49 employees | | 7.35582793 | 8.41158157 | 8.46518473 | 8.0532206 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 50-249 employees | | 7.17031438 | 8.03320936 | 8.17036485 | 7.98407109 | .. | .. | /  |
Number of enterprises in manufacturing with 250 or more employees | | 1.91165241 | 2.07061955 | 2.05923427 | 1.9832668 | .. | .. | /  |
| Economic globalisation | Trade | Share of trade in GDP | Trade in goods and services | | 33.20072727 | 33.66045845 | 35.8305445 | 38.37276129 | 42.34303678 | .. | /  |
Trade in goods | Trade balance: exports of goods minus imports of goods | | 54.76993563 | 146.77041648 | 193.61003186 | 200.35456858 | 206.75246384 | .. | /  |
Imports of goods | | 495.44345005 | 601.76026667 | 718.15339808 | 777.43925558 | 919.03847018 | .. | /  |
Exports of goods | | 550.21338569 | 748.53068315 | 911.76342994 | 977.79382416 | 1 125.79093402 | .. | /  |
Trade in services | Services trade balance: exports of services minus imports of services | | -55.01827 | -50.7121 | -51.164 | -51.9886 | -47.8985 | .. | /  |
Imports of services | | 138.1787 | 173.776 | 196.6253 | 209.1838 | 221.7948 | .. | /  |
Exports of services | | 83.16043 | 123.0639 | 145.4613 | 157.1952 | 173.8963 | .. | /  |
Trading partners | Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise trade | | 8.96226709 | 10.14257724 | 9.98131582 | 9.60459003 | 9.33229611 | .. | /  |
Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise imports | | 9.15639445 | 10.75892219 | 10.66635514 | 10.16520982 | 9.77639191 | .. | /  |
Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise exports | | 8.75133441 | 9.47561092 | 9.2385438 | 8.98159651 | 8.83766281 | .. | /  |
Balance of payments | Current account balance of payments | | -1.67970873 | 1.9190621 | 4.29319787 | 4.60792357 | 4.9366789 | .. | /  |
| Foreign direct investment (FDI) | FDI flows and stocks | Outward FDI stocks | | 486 749.79063925 | 720 718.32033802 | 810 621.66285278 | 801 351.4645388 | .. | .. | /  |
Inward FDI stocks | | 462 529.0778822 | 666 174.40231244 | 709 432.54876321 | 660 428.0188233 | .. | .. | /  |
Inflows of foreign direct investment | | 198 313.02985625 | 32 398.32806145 | -9 201.26723817 | 35 844.89187174 | 42 891.42713694 | .. | /  |
Outflows of foreign direct investment | | 56 567.45300405 | 5 827.04473565 | 14 836.74990682 | 55 480.61148397 | 79 466.423999 | .. | /  |
Activities of multinationals | Employment in affiliates under foreign control, share of employment in manufacturing |  | 6 | 15.5 | 15.69248058 | 15.24806808 | .. | .. | /  |
Employment in affiliates under foreign control, share of employment in services |  | 3.2 | 6.1 | 6.5 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
| Prices | Prices and interest rates | Consumer Price Indices (CPI) | CPI: all items | | 100 | 104.45833333 | 106.2 | 108.275 | 110.125 | .. | /  |
CPI: food |  | 100 | 105.17456879 | 104.80793267 | 105.2412299 | 107.29105908 | .. | /  |
CPI: energy | | 100 | 110.23161849 | 114.7236733 | 126.53878698 | 137.23510583 | .. | /  |
Producer Price Indices (PPI) | PPI: manufacturing | | 100 | 102.1251771 | 103.891991 | 106.8255688 | 109.72581048 | .. | /  |
Long-term interest rates | Long-term interest rates | | 5.266667 | 4.070833 | 4.036667 | 3.353333 | 3.7625 | .. | /  |
| Purchasing power and exchange rates | Rates of conversion | Purchasing power parities | | 0.96816478 | 0.91686756 | 0.89532672 | 0.89256209 | 0.87025514 | .. | /  |
Exchange rates | | 1.0854 | 0.886034 | 0.805365 | 0.80412 | 0.797141 | .. | /  |
Indices of price levels | | 94.65300808 | 105.57785889 | 108.28476467 | 107.92272374 | 108.610342 | .. | /  |
Effective exchange rates | Nominal effective exchange rates | | 100 | 109.40436305 | 111.56138749 | 110.33202719 | 110.321628 | .. | /  |
Relative consumer price indices | | 100 | 105.5349 | 106.8641 | 105.2541 | 104.6116 | .. | /  |
Relative unit labour costs in manufacturing | | 100 | 105.2825 | 104.905 | 100.0125 | 96.9075 | .. | /  |
| Energy | Energy supply | Energy supply | Total primary energy supply | | 343.6 | 347.2 | 348.2 | 344.7 | 349.2 | .. | /  |
Energy supply and economic growth | Total primary energy supply per unit of GDP | | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | .. | /  |
Energy supply per capita | Total primary energy supply per capita | | 4.18 | 4.21 | 4.22 | 4.18 | 4.24 | .. | /  |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation | | 567.1 | 595.6 | 610 | 613.2 | 626.3 | .. | /  |
Nuclear energy | Nuclear electricity generation, terawatts | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 158.6 | .. | /  |
Nuclear electricity generation, percentage of total production | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 27 | .. | /  |
Renewable energy | Contribution of renewables to energy supply | | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 6.3 | .. | /  |
| Energy production and prices | Energy production | Total production of energy | | 135.3 | 134.6 | 136.2 | 134.5 | 138.1 | .. | /  |
Oil production | Production of crude oil | | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.9 | .. | /  |
Oil prices | Crude oil import prices | | 28.09 | 28.44 | 36.65 | 52.3 | 63.29 | .. | /  |
| Labour | Employment | Employment rates by gender | Employment rates: total | | 65.5745446 | 64.61628268 | 65.04012782 | 65.50888383 | 67.24904411 | .. | /  |
Employment rates: men | | 72.8972973 | 70.39826213 | 70.79265627 | 71.36764493 | 72.90911726 | .. | /  |
Employment rates: women | | 58.13408517 | 58.74480679 | 59.19108115 | 59.55085088 | 61.47792352 | .. | /  |
Employment rates by age group | Employment rates for age group 15-24 | | 47.15768103 | 42.41622575 | 41.94384449 | 42.5738526 | 43.87282642 | .. | /  |
Employment rates for age group 25-54 | | 79.31597959 | 78.17642529 | 78.06431256 | 77.37701208 | 78.81552848 | .. | /  |
Employment rates for age group 55-64 | | 37.63811544 | 38.96480719 | 41.79090029 | 45.4788053 | 48.49772068 | .. | /  |
Part-time employment | Incidence of part-time employment | | 17.58098058 | 19.56408089 | 20.09670264 | 21.77607652 | 21.94083631 | .. | /  |
Self-employment | Self-employment rates: total | | 10.9559554 | 11.44180823 | 12.1278508 | 12.42227442 | 12.20455406 | .. | /  |
Self-employment rates: men | | 13.35704406 | 13.98665983 | 14.87997538 | 14.89598061 | 14.66051679 | .. | /  |
Self-employment rates: women | | 7.9102051 | 8.36589147 | 8.80307922 | 9.43165863 | 9.25958965 | .. | /  |
| Unemployment | Unemployment rates | Unemployment rates: total | | | | | | | .. | /  |
Unemployment rates: men | | | | | | | .. | /  |
Unemployment rates: women | | | | | | | .. | /  |
Long-term unemployment | Long-term unemployment | | 51.48394544 | 50.00672141 | 51.82438273 | 54.0259802 | 57.23718843 | .. | /  |
Regional unemployment | Unemployment rate | | .. | .. | 10.34222 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Percentage of the total labour force living in regions with an unemployment rate above the national average | | .. | .. | 0.2728334 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Variation of regional unemployment rate minimum | | .. | .. | 41.92726626 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Variation of regional unemployment rate maximum | | .. | .. | 236.02344549 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Gini index of Regional disparities in unemployment rates | | .. | .. | 0.2725045 | .. | .. | .. |  |
| Labour compensation and hours worked | Labour compensation | Labour compensation per unit labour input, total economy | | 3.326434 | 1.992465 | 0.1217855 | 0.5942557 | 1.292985 | .. | /  |
Labour compensation per total employees, total economy | | 32 795.57 | 35 338.49 | 36 167.21 | 36 216.45 | 36 901.72 | .. | /  |
Labour compensation per hour, total economy | | 23.64333 | 25.98422 | 26.52144 | 26.74572 | 27.31047 | .. | /  |
Hours worked | Average hours actually worked | | 1 473 | 1 439 | 1 442 | 1 437 | 1 436 | .. | /  |
| Science and technology | Research and Development (R&D) | Expenditure on R&D | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D |  | 2.45 | 2.52 | 2.49 | 2.48 | 2.51 | .. | /  |
Investment in knowledge | Investment in knowledge | | 3.793617 | 3.93489 | 3.904916 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Researchers | Researchers |  | 6.59 | 6.94 | 6.95 | 7.15 | 7.16 | .. | /  |
Patents | Triadic patent families | | 6 235.9628723 | 6 175.96 | 6 283.42 | 6 266.02 | .. | .. | /  |
| Information and Communications Technology (ICT) | Size of the ICT sector | Share of ICT manufacturing in total manufacturing value added |  | .. | 5.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT manufacturing in total manufacturing value added between 1995 and 2003 |  | .. | 0.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Share of telecommunication services in total business services value added |  | .. | 3.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Share of other ICT services in total business services value added |  | .. | 4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT services in total business services value added between 1995 and 2003 |  | .. | 1.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Investment in ICT | Shares of ICT investment in non-residential fixed capital formation | | 17.45043761 | 15.34500417 | 14.85246086 | 15.18882065 | 14.86386986 | .. | /  |
Computer and internet access by households | Percentage of households with access to home computers | | .. | 65.2 | 68.7 | 69.9 | 76.77432064 | .. | /  |
Percentage of households with access to the internet | | .. | 54.1 | 60 | 61.6 | 67.10771792 | .. | /  |
| Communications | Exports of information and communications equipment | Exports of ICT equipment | | 57 451.916 | 70 348.54 | 91 451.715 | 99 127.434 | 107 388.326 | .. | /  |
Telephone access | Telephone access | | 107.1600477 | 131.77179593 | 145.757849 | 156.23181024 | .. | .. | /  |
| Environment | Water and natural resources | Water consumption | Total gross water abstractions |  | 40 590 | .. | .. | 35 557 | .. | .. | /  |
Per capita water abstractions |  | .. | .. | .. | 430 | .. | .. | /  |
Fisheries | Fish landings in domestic and foreign ports | | 194 | 222 | 223 | 246 | .. | .. | /  |
Aquaculture | | 45 | 64 | 57 | 57 | .. | .. | /  |
| Air and land | Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | CO2 emissions from energy use | | 831 | 846 | 850 | 813 | .. | .. | /  |
Municipal waste | Total amount generated of municipal waste |  | | .. | .. | 49 563 | .. | .. | /  |
Generation intensities of municipal waste |  | .. | .. | .. | 600 | .. | .. | /  |
Nutrient use in agriculture | Gross agricultural nutrient balances: Nitrogen, 3-year average and % change | | .. | 113.30646768 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Gross agricultural nutrient balances: phosphorus, 3-year average and % change | | .. | 4.0184344 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
| Education | Outcomes | International student assessment | Mean scores and gender differences on the science scale in PISA 2006 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 515.64913003 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2006 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.79561725 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the science scale in PISA 2006: males | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 519.1071237 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2006: males | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.58405778 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the science scale in PISA 2006: females | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 511.96484718 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2006: females | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.79616345 | .. | /  |
Score difference on the science scale in PISA 2006: difference (males - females) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.14227652 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2006: difference (males - females) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.70652207 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the reading scale in PISA 2006 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 494.94441788 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the reading scale in PISA 2006 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.41009516 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the reading scale in PISA 2006: males | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 474.59980291 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the reading scale in PISA 2006: males | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.26521499 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the reading scale in PISA 2006: females | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 516.6203731 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the reading scale in PISA 2006: females | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.35724847 | .. | /  |
Score difference on the reading scale in PISA 2006: difference (males - females) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -42.02057019 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the reading scale in PISA 2006: difference (males - females) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.86320206 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 503.79085868 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.86824399 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006: males | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.60615839 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006: males | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.60615839 | .. | /  |
Mean scores on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006: females | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 493.72676377 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006: females | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.90991896 | .. | /  |
Score difference on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006: difference (males - females) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 19.51005169 | .. | /  |
Standard error on the mathematics scale in PISA 2006: difference (males - females) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.71590449 | .. | /  |
Trends in tertiary graduation rates | Trend in tertiary graduation rates, tertiary-type A | | 18.40360083 | 18.34208871 | 19.2249086 | 19.88470183 | .. | .. | /  |
Trend in tertiary graduation rates, tertiary-type B | | 10.7462941 | 9.99449027 | 10.16997051 | 10.67282329 | .. | .. | /  |
Tertiary attainment | Tertiary attainment for age group 25-64 | | 23.49883737 | 23.98201464 | 24.93343521 | 24.55949097 | .. | .. | /  |
Tertiary attainment for age group 25-34 | | 22.25097025 | 21.79973352 | 22.94766135 | 22.49923053 | .. | .. | /  |
Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64 | | 20.19027484 | 21.56922452 | 22.81156117 | 22.92607803 | .. | .. | /  |
| Expenditure on education | Expenditure on tertiary education | Expenditure in tertiary education | | .. | .. | 112 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Number of students in tertiary education | | .. | .. | 105 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Expenditure per student in tertiary education | | .. | .. | 107 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Expenditure per student in tertiary education: 2004 constant prices | | .. | .. | 12 254.93764664 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Relative earnings of graduates | Trends in relative earnings for age group 25-64 with tertiary education: males | | 141.36733469 | 150.33480315 | 148.92228937 | 150.88146644 | .. | .. | /  |
Trends in relative earnings for age group 25-64 with tertiary education: females | | 137.1635284 | 144.90238385 | 147.51149462 | 151.06836124 | .. | .. | /  |
Public and private education expenditure | Public expenditure on educational institutions for all levels of education | | .. | .. | 4.25923763 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Private expenditure on educational institutions for all levels of education | | .. | .. | 0.91357195 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Total expenditure on educational institutions for all levels of education | | .. | .. | 5.17280958 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
| Public finance | Government deficits and debt | Government deficits | Government net borrowing/net lending | | 1.31328262 | -4.02813417 | -3.7922349 | -3.37238102 | -1.60376709 | .. | /  |
Government debt | General government gross financial liabilities | | 60.36843662 | 65.28655689 | 68.70689147 | 71.05214539 | 69.26470335 | .. | /  |
| Public expenditure | Health expenditure | Public expenditure on health | | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.2 | .. | .. | /  |
Total expenditure on health | | 10.3 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 10.7 | .. | .. | /  |
Social expenditure | Public social expenditure | | 26.25196246 | 27.25233358 | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Law, order and defence expenditure | Law, order and defence expenditure | | 2.84993939 | 2.83297902 | 2.76139653 | 2.71273278 | .. | .. | /  |
| Support and aid | Government support for fishing | Government financial transfers to fishing | | 29 834 | 7 343 | 6 088 | 4 350 | .. | .. | /  |
Official development assistance | Net official development assistance | | 0.27008698 | 0.28401654 | 0.2760647 | 0.36035066 | 0.3560394 | .. | /  |
| Taxes | Total tax revenue | Total tax revenue | | 37.19004 | 35.549378 | 34.841473 | 34.819469 | 35.737305 | .. | /  |
Taxes on income and profits | | 11.212073 | 9.753273 | 9.523378 | 9.833512 | 10.831016 | .. | /  |
Taxes on goods and services | | 10.456436 | 10.453435 | 10.159569 | 10.109505 | 10.152224 | .. | /  |
Taxes on the average worker | Taxes on the average worker | | 53.9585 | 54.2207 | 53.2338 | 52.383 | 52.4549 | .. | /  |
| Quality of life | Health | Life expectancy | Life expectancy at birth: total | | 78 | 78.6 | 78.6 | 79 | .. | .. | /  |
Life expectancy at birth: men | | 75 | 75.7 | 75.7 | 76.2 | .. | .. | /  |
Life expectancy at birth: women | | 81 | 81.4 | 81.4 | 81.8 | .. | .. | /  |
Infant mortality | Infant mortality | | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.9 | .. | .. | /  |
Obesity | Overweight population aged 15 or more: females | | .. | 28.9 | .. | 28.7 | .. | .. | /  |
Obese population aged 15 or more: females | | .. | 12.3 | .. | 12.8 | .. | .. | /  |
Overweight and obese population aged 15 or more: females | | .. | 41.2 | .. | 41.5 | .. | .. | /  |
Overweight population aged 15 or more: males | | .. | 44.1 | .. | 43.5 | .. | .. | /  |
Obese population aged 15 or more: males | | .. | 13.6 | .. | 14.4 | .. | .. | /  |
Overweight and obese population aged 15 or more: males | | .. | 57.7 | .. | 57.9 | .. | .. | /  |
Overweight population aged 15 or more | | .. | 36.3 | .. | 36 | .. | .. | /  |
Obese population aged 15 or more | | .. | 12.9 | .. | 13.6 | .. | .. | /  |
Overweight and obese population aged 15 or more | | .. | 49.2 | .. | 49.6 | .. | .. | /  |
| Leisure | Tourism: hotel nights | Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments and at borders | | 16 719 | 15 979 | 17 620 | 18 761 | 20 630 | .. | /  |
Recreation and culture | Household expenditure on recreation and culture | | 5.62133333 | 5.33875589 | 5.31611795 | 5.27844605 | 5.15071915 | .. | /  |
Government expenditure on recreation and culture | | 0.72387879 | 0.66734449 | 0.64670767 | 0.6415397 | .. | .. | /  |
Household and government expenditure on recreation and culture | | 6.34521212 | 6.00610038 | 5.96282562 | 5.91998574 | .. | .. | /  |
| Society | Youth inactivity | Youths aged between 15 and 19 who are not in education nor in employment: males | | 5.17333333 | 4.65599932 | 3.48925411 | 3.82981494 | .. | .. | /  |
Youths aged between 15 and 19 who are not in education nor in employment: females | | 6.2731916 | 4.75239617 | 3.66003871 | 4.96389039 | .. | .. | /  |
Income inequality | Distribution of household disposable income among individuals | | 27.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | /  |
Prison population | Prison population rate | | .. | .. | 96 | .. | .. | .. | /  |
| Transport | Road network | Length of the motorway network | | 11 515 | 12 037 | 12 044 | 12 174 | 12 363 | .. | /  |
Road motor vehicles and road fatalities | Road motor vehicles | | 570.33795283 | 592.71150095 | 596.77606351 | 602.66459438 | 591.510842 | .. | /  |
Road fatalities per milliom inhabitants | | 91.21079504 | 80.11775966 | 70.70014932 | 64.99335943 | 61.77573382 | .. | /  |
Road fatalities per million vehicles | | 159.9241197 | 135.17159618 | 118.47014925 | 107.84333447 | 104.43719614 | .. | /  |
Productivity | Economy-wide indicators of productivity growth | Growth in GDP per capita | Growth in GDP per capita - 1970-2006, 2001-2006 | | .. | .. | 0.88628183 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contribution of labour productivity and labour utilisation to GDP per capita - GDP per capita 2001-2006 | | .. | .. | 0.88628183 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contribution of labour productivity and labour utilisation to GDP per capita - GDP per hour worked 2001-06 | | .. | .. | 1.36987024 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contribution of labour productivity and labour utilisation to GDP per capita - labour utilisation 2001-06 | | .. | .. | -0.4770534 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Labour productivity growth | GDP per hour worked | | 2.56447864 | 1.17597297 | 0.47747212 | 1.33339653 | 2.35965378 | .. | /  |
Multi-factor productivity | Multi-factor productivity | | 1.86956572 | 0.49444585 | 0.37829492 | 0.87866101 | 2.10940266 | .. | /  |
Growth accounts for OECD countries | Contributions to GDP growth: Labour input | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -0.31498486 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: ICT capital | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.34509128 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: Non-ICT capital | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.27732306 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: Multi-factor productivity | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.05123077 | .. | /  |
Contributions to GDP growth: GDP growth | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.3544837 | .. | /  |
| Productivity levels | Income and productivity levels | Income and productivity levels - Percentage gap with respect to US GDP per capita | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -27.05588032 | .. |  |
Income and productivity levels - Effect of labour utilisation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -20.31452958 | .. |  |
Income and productivity levels - Percentage gap with respect to US GDP per hour worked | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -6.74135074 | .. |  |
Historical income and productivity levels | Income and productivity levels relative to the United States: GDP per capita | | 75.06397531 | 74.20574776 | 73.05955839 | 72.16627132 | 72.94411968 | .. | /  |
Income and productivity levels relative to the United States: GDP per hour worked | | 97.28850063 | 93.9576732 | 92.15657782 | 91.98892944 | 93.25864926 | .. | /  |
Labour productivity and firm-size heterogeneity | Normalised labour productivity in manufacturing: 1-9 employees | | .. | .. | .. | 49.80759125 | .. | .. | /  |
Normalised labour productivity in manufacturing: 10-19 employees | | .. | .. | .. | 58.1106012 | .. | .. | /  |
Normalised labour productivity in manufacturing: 20-49 employees | | .. | .. | .. | 74.25481094 | .. | .. | /  |
Normalised labour productivity in manufacturing: 50-249 employees | | .. | .. | .. | 88.69619626 | .. | .. | /  |
Normalised labour productivity in manufacturing: 250 employees or more | | .. | .. | .. | 122.50826811 | .. | .. | /  |
| Productivity growth by industry | Contribution of key activities to aggregate productivity growth | Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - market services 1995-2000, 2000-2006 | | .. | .. | 28.43782653 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - manufacturing 1995-2000, 2000-2006 | | .. | .. | 51.4433832 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - other industries 1995-2000, 2000-2006 | | .. | .. | 12.64609118 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - other services 1995-2000, 2000-2006 | | .. | .. | -7.47269908 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Average labour productivity growth of total economy 1995-2000, 2000-2006 | | .. | .. | 1.16418403 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - market services 1995-2000, 2000-2006 cont. | | .. | .. | 28.43782653 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - manufacturing 1995-2000, 2000-2006 cont. | | .. | .. | 51.4433832 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - other industries 1995-2000, 2000-2006 cont. | | .. | .. | 12.64609118 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Contributions of key activities to growth of value added per person employed - other services 1995-2000, 2000-2006 cont. | | .. | .. | -7.47269908 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Average labour productivity growth of total economy 1995-2000, 2000-2006 cont. | | .. | .. | 1.16418403 | .. | .. | .. |  |
Productivity growth in manufacturing | Value added per person employed: total manufacturing 1995-2000, 2000-2005 | | .. | 2.62741419 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Value added per person employed: textiles and textile products 1995-2000, 2000-2005 | | .. | 3.7551095 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Value added per person employed: basic metals and fabricated metal products 1995-2000, 2000-2005 | | .. | 0.21004148 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |
Value added per person employed: electrical and optical equipment 1995-2000, 2000-2005 | | .. | 5.53098831 | .. | .. | .. | .. |  |