External sectors, trade and payments | Balance of income, value in USD, balance of payments basis | | -681 401 952.479 | -18 887 839 120.187 | -2 154 489 963.130 | 8 150 288 735.959 | 21 963 063 431.428 | 22 483 486 635.621 | 22 318 305 105.432 | 16 772 735 773.571 | 16 772 735 773.571 |
Current account balance, value in USD | | 52 701 052 983.385 | 38 138 044 116.917 | 41 874 531 111.692 | 57 425 108 885.939 | 79 052 321 467.139 | 72 582 164 700.273 | 82 698 133 600.702 | 84 756 326 247.728 | 92 896 483 022.584 |
Current account balance, as a percentage of GDP | | 6.714 | 4.287 | 5.173 | 7.383 | 9.488 | 9.419 | 10.314 | 10.109 | 10.896 |
Competitiveness indicator, relative consumer prices (CPI), overall weights | | 99.178 | 99.651 | 101.329 | 96.732 | 96.236 | 93.808 | 96.836 | 98.027 | 98.027 |
Contribution to world trade volume, goods and services expressed in USD, 2005 prices | | 0.043 | -0.022 | -0.011 | 0.082 | 0.010 | 0.033 | 0.005 | 0.023 | 0.027 |
Nominal effective exchange rate, chain-linked, overall weights | | 101.506 | 103.677 | 105.307 | 101.447 | 101.849 | 99.458 | 101.845 | 103.302 | 103.302 |
Exchange rate, National currency per USD | | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.751 | 0.725 | 0.725 |
Net exports of goods and services, value, National Accounts basis, USD | | 64 558 252 486.323 | 72 516 333 116.372 | 55 865 734 407.256 | 62 757 184 185.750 | 71 495 378 114.643 | 64 740 314 962.914 | 78 483 803 654.634 | 83 157 050 712.794 | 91 297 207 487.649 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, USD, 2005 prices | | 448 175 634 139.340 | 458 577 860 490.293 | 426 130 868 226.707 | 469 950 712 714.883 | 489 589 420 074.665 | 505 896 183 803.688 | 505 238 468 687.970 | 519 669 322 512.961 | 537 023 221 282.705 |
Import penetration, goods and services | | 0.395 | 0.396 | 0.388 | 0.408 | 0.416 | 0.426 | 0.427 | 0.434 | 0.440 |
Share of value imports of good and services in world imports, USD | | 3.090 | 3.080 | 3.207 | 3.010 | 2.917 | 2.826 | 2.823 | 2.806 | 2.701 |
Net current international transfers, value, balance of payments basis, USD | | -16 237 209 564.226 | -17 210 679 962.569 | -11 936 792 616.636 | -14 333 974 814.196 | -15 191 005 113.878 | -16 154 026 865.359 | -17 392 083 925.255 | -15 173 460 238.637 | -15 173 460 238.637 |
Goods and services trade volume, USD, 2005 prices | | 477 678 239 307.092 | 487 995 082 866.646 | 451 737 566 069.180 | 501 307 863 293.156 | 521 915 627 232.849 | 538 961 553 405.424 | 542 719 181 661.790 | 557 694 065 681.616 | 577 188 799 905.347 |
Competitiveness indicator, relative unit labour costs, overall economy | | 99.652 | 100.159 | 102.765 | 97.924 | 97.229 | 94.490 | 96.902 | 98.068 | 98.068 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, USD, 2005 prices | | 507 180 844 474.844 | 517 412 305 242.999 | 477 344 263 911.654 | 532 665 013 871.429 | 554 241 834 391.032 | 572 026 923 007.160 | 580 199 894 635.610 | 595 718 808 850.271 | 617 354 378 527.989 |
Export market for goods and services, volume, USD, 2005 prices | | 554 887 374 581.402 | 567 840 382 533.370 | 505 528 257 480.398 | 560 788 276 484.845 | 592 939 780 108.986 | 600 975 833 964.248 | 609 925 395 126.646 | 634 981 724 476.381 | 667 548 195 130.498 |
Export performance for goods and services, volume | | 0.914 | 0.911 | 0.944 | 0.950 | 0.935 | 0.952 | 0.951 | 0.938 | 0.925 |
Share of value exports of good and services in world exports expressed in USD | | 3.367 | 3.371 | 3.463 | 3.257 | 3.151 | 3.028 | 3.059 | 3.042 | 2.949 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion, as a percentage of GDP | | 45.252 | 58.437 | 60.727 | 63.407 | 65.715 | 71.225 | 75.409 | 77.004 | 77.512 |
General government gross financial liabilities, as a percentage of GDP | | 51.472 | 64.779 | 67.595 | 71.898 | 76.128 | 82.686 | 86.871 | 88.465 | 88.973 |
General government net financial liabilities, as a percentage of GDP | | 27.832 | 26.952 | 29.638 | 34.557 | 38.808 | 42.222 | 45.035 | 47.630 | 49.138 |
Net government interest payments, as a percentage of GDP | | 1.629 | 1.607 | 1.430 | 1.401 | 1.484 | 1.356 | 1.286 | 1.319 | 1.359 |
Government net lending, as a percentage of GDP | | 0.162 | 0.488 | -5.578 | -5.034 | -4.275 | -3.992 | -2.999 | -3.001 | -2.299 |
Total disbursements, general government, as a percentage of GDP | | 45.228 | 46.205 | 51.398 | 51.350 | 49.864 | 50.377 | 49.244 | 49.360 | 48.689 |
Total receipts general government, as a percentage of GDP | | 45.390 | 46.693 | 45.820 | 46.316 | 45.589 | 46.384 | 46.245 | 46.359 | 46.390 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | | 137 988 999 990.000 | 141 807 000 000.000 | 148 841 000 000.000 | 149 555 000 000.000 | 149 806 000 000.000 | 148 748 000 030.000 | 147 253 920 946.984 | 147 168 669 881.873 | 147 500 090 536.826 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | | 253 863 999 990.000 | 257 164 000 000.000 | 251 865 999 990.000 | 252 611 000 010.000 | 249 904 999 990.000 | 245 800 999 940.000 | 240 718 181 997.143 | 236 788 267 618.748 | 236 723 158 449.089 |
Gross domestic product, value, market prices | | 572 308 203 910.000 | 594 703 577 960.000 | 573 526 362 510.000 | 586 729 215 760.000 | 599 062 595 252.818 | 599 660 717 952.819 | 602 310 151 240.511 | 607 798 540 648.003 | 618 059 205 651.659 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | | 552 092 075 730.000 | 561 859 584 490.000 | 541 344 682 450.000 | 549 283 068 440.000 | 554 473 466 940.467 | 547 814 764 915.835 | 541 793 796 552.635 | 541 229 460 637.230 | 545 922 534 553.991 |
Private non-residential gross fixed capital formation, volume | | 57 216 550 169.455 | 61 261 046 491.088 | 51 754 272 856.628 | 48 830 075 447.522 | 54 843 611 985.440 | 53 235 985 906.055 | 49 353 060 494.193 | 50 518 030 231.483 | 51 604 546 713.088 |
Gross fixed capital formation, housing, volume | | 34 514 000 000.000 | 34 459 000 000.000 | 29 364 000 000.000 | 25 232 000 000.000 | 26 356 000 010.000 | 24 188 000 010.000 | 22 172 308 691.561 | 22 093 595 086.727 | 22 138 020 180.377 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | | 110 035 000 000.000 | 114 962 999 990.000 | 101 147 000 010.000 | 93 621 000 000.000 | 99 290 000 010.000 | 95 312 441 141.278 | 88 963 853 133.439 | 90 107 665 245.210 | 91 348 136 508.426 |
Total domestic expenditure, volume | | 504 376 460 631.398 | 514 563 467 811.227 | 500 370 987 407.282 | 500 015 589 310.163 | 503 505 535 502.930 | 495 984 841 314.171 | 485 914 448 560.529 | 485 359 166 306.995 | 486 808 517 639.425 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure growth (volume) | | 3.525 | 2.767 | 4.960 | 0.480 | 0.168 | -0.706 | -1.004 | -0.058 | 0.225 |
Harmonised headline inflation | | 1.583 | 2.210 | 0.974 | 0.930 | 2.477 | 2.822 | 2.790 | 1.609 | 0.901 |
Private final consumption expenditure growth (volume) | | 1.756 | 1.300 | -2.060 | 0.296 | -1.071 | -1.642 | -2.068 | -1.633 | -0.027 |
Total employment, growth | | 2.031 | 1.217 | -0.614 | -0.397 | 0.627 | -0.186 | -0.932 | -0.621 | 0.105 |
Final domestic expenditure growth (volume) | | 3.046 | 2.401 | -2.317 | -1.212 | 0.661 | -1.810 | -2.595 | -0.626 | 0.304 |
GDP growth (volume) | | 3.911 | 1.769 | -3.651 | 1.466 | 0.945 | -1.201 | -1.099 | -0.104 | 0.867 |
Gross fixed capital formation growth (volume) | | 5.524 | 4.479 | -12.018 | -7.441 | 6.055 | -4.006 | -6.661 | 1.286 | 1.377 |
Imports of goods and services growth (volume) | | 5.633 | 2.321 | -7.076 | 10.283 | 4.179 | 3.331 | -0.130 | 2.856 | 3.339 |
Harmonised core inflation | | 1.269 | 1.118 | 1.325 | 1.066 | 1.661 | 2.250 | 2.769 | 1.743 | 0.893 |
Private final consumption expenditure, deflator, growth | | 1.830 | 1.078 | -0.494 | 1.469 | 2.426 | 2.242 | 2.707 | 1.449 | 0.793 |
Gross domestic product, deflator, market prices, annualised rate | | 1.844 | 2.107 | 0.094 | 0.824 | 1.146 | 1.317 | 1.558 | 1.016 | 0.814 |
Total domestic expenditure growth (volume) | | 3.183 | 2.020 | -2.758 | -0.071 | 0.698 | -1.494 | -2.030 | -0.114 | 0.299 |
Goods and services trade growth, USD, 2005 prices, annualised rate | | 6.037 | 2.160 | -7.430 | 10.973 | 4.111 | 3.266 | 0.697 | 2.759 | 3.496 |
Exports of goods and services growth (volume) | | 6.396 | 2.017 | -7.744 | 11.589 | 4.051 | 3.209 | 1.429 | 2.675 | 3.632 |
Export performance for total goods and services growth | | -0.295 | -0.310 | 3.628 | 0.593 | -1.591 | 1.829 | -0.060 | -1.377 | -1.424 |
Supply block | Output gap of the total economy | | 3.524 | 3.756 | -1.117 | -0.469 | -0.310 | -2.308 | -4.174 | -5.196 | -5.493 |
Potential output of total economy, volume | | 533 296 744 798.546 | 541 518 259 405.887 | 547 462 222 415.162 | 551 872 769 001.578 | 556 195 339 188.216 | 560 758 302 748.574 | 565 390 386 105.039 | 570 890 176 667.606 | 577 655 763 923.495 |
Productive capital stocks, volume | | 1 236 343 685 728.660 | 1 263 958 635 442.300 | 1 279 788 238 304.690 | 1 289 616 489 713.730 | 1 303 540 018 471.300 | 1 315 016 873 372.940 | 1 321 621 183 631.960 | 1 329 112 180 358.210 | 1 337 439 390 760.100 |
NAIRU - Unemployment rate with non-accelerating inflation rate | | 3.776 | 3.716 | 3.725 | 3.730 | 3.757 | 3.806 | 3.866 | 3.932 | 4.000 |
Cyclically adjusted government net lending, as a percentage of potential GDP | | -0.911 | -1.230 | -5.998 | -4.466 | -3.913 | -2.938 | -0.877 | -0.148 | 0.793 |
Underlying government net lending, as a percentage of potential GDP | | -1.007 | -1.095 | -5.078 | -3.847 | -3.812 | -2.862 | -1.350 | -0.139 | 0.791 |
Underlying government primary balance, as a percentage of potential GDP | | 0.680 | 0.572 | -3.664 | -2.453 | -2.332 | -1.537 | -0.117 | 1.112 | 2.076 |
Household sector accounts | Household and non-profit institutions serving households net saving ratio | | 6.948 | 5.893 | 5.645 | 3.281 | 4.912 | 4.097 | 4.352 | 4.677 | 3.586 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | | 1.033 | 1.055 | 1.066 | 1.076 | 1.102 | 1.133 | 1.165 | 1.184 | 1.194 |
Private final consumption expenditure, deflator | | 1.040 | 1.052 | 1.046 | 1.062 | 1.087 | 1.112 | 1.142 | 1.158 | 1.168 |
Gross domestic product, deflator, market prices | | 1.037 | 1.058 | 1.059 | 1.068 | 1.080 | 1.095 | 1.112 | 1.123 | 1.132 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator, National Accounts basis | | 1.046 | 1.095 | 1.029 | 1.096 | 1.145 | 1.172 | 1.162 | 1.167 | 1.175 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator, National Accounts basis | | 1.040 | 1.089 | 1.024 | 1.078 | 1.127 | 1.147 | 1.139 | 1.144 | 1.156 |
Labour markets | Total employment | | 8 491 049.409 | 8 594 417.076 | 8 541 607.954 | 8 507 737.595 | 8 561 051.495 | 8 545 153.564 | 8 465 555.278 | 8 412 967.134 | 8 421 790.889 |
Labour force | | 8 796 799.409 | 8 861 917.076 | 8 868 357.954 | 8 897 737.595 | 8 949 801.495 | 9 013 653.564 | 9 072 818.498 | 9 121 133.430 | 9 167 616.548 |
Labour productivity of the total economy | | 1.031 | 1.034 | 1.003 | 1.022 | 1.024 | 1.014 | 1.012 | 1.018 | 1.025 |
Unit labour cost in total economy | | 1.024 | 1.058 | 1.112 | 1.104 | 1.114 | 1.139 | 1.157 | 1.164 | 1.164 |
Unemployment, level | | 305 750.000 | 267 500.000 | 326 750.000 | 390 000.000 | 388 750.000 | 468 500.000 | 607 263.220 | 708 166.296 | 745 825.659 |
Unemployment rate | | 3.476 | 3.019 | 3.684 | 4.383 | 4.344 | 5.198 | 6.693 | 7.764 | 8.135 |
Compensation rate, total economy | | 37 760.710 | 39 022.855 | 39 858.746 | 40 366.424 | 40 918.790 | 41 615.759 | 42 529.596 | 43 181.619 | 43 730.578 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | | 4.288 | 4.227 | 3.687 | 2.990 | 2.989 | 1.932 | 1.995 | 2.530 | 3.001 |
Short-term interest rate | | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.184 | 0.056 | 0.345 |