External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -6.756 | -8.245 | -7.371 | -8.749 | -11.405 | -14.648 | -14.605 | -12.121 | -9.510 | -8.883 | -3.619 | -1.509 | -1.072 | -1.154 | -2.100 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 59 254 489 282.139 | 63 635 429 563.802 | 66 446 572 673.035 | 67 014 149 723.786 | 75 933 598 109.607 | 87 702 804 817.499 | 88 861 150 239.354 | 70 774 472 518.674 | 68 346 374 566.663 | 61 788 668 106.196 | 58 383 205 801.690 | 56 352 911 119.853 | 60 154 512 245.705 | 64 877 108 390.371 | 66 275 800 223.161 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 50 786 156 402.503 | 52 821 280 063.819 | 58 123 163 248.210 | 59 238 499 286.074 | 65 039 529 367.825 | 73 798 819 325.193 | 75 417 981 235.587 | 60 635 976 979.312 | 60 649 331 634.130 | 57 539 639 623.911 | 56 359 871 298.767 | 55 830 348 148.990 | 60 011 856 954.736 | 63 875 300 003.092 | 64 444 321 319.350 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 42 317 823 522.866 | 42 007 130 563.837 | 49 799 753 823.385 | 51 462 848 848.363 | 54 145 460 626.042 | 59 894 833 832.886 | 61 974 812 231.819 | 50 497 481 439.949 | 52 952 288 701.597 | 53 290 611 141.626 | 54 336 536 795.845 | 55 307 785 178.126 | 59 869 201 663.766 | 62 873 491 615.812 | 62 612 842 415.540 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 104.863 | 101.456 | 102.873 | 107.395 | 103.612 | 103.103 | 109.415 | 126.745 | 147.494 | 175.219 | 161.951 | 178.169 | 180.341 | 176.748 | 180.529 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 117.773 | 112.294 | 116.794 | 117.533 | 116.635 | 114.496 | 118.774 | 135.930 | 130.942 | 114.625 | 169.174 | 185.196 | 186.765 | 186.434 | 191.383 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -6.024 | -7.830 | -8.828 | -6.188 | -5.946 | -6.707 | -10.176 | -15.215 | -11.397 | -10.508 | -9.189 | -13.463 | -3.731 | -5.854 | 0.233 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 36 112 200 000.000 | 37 191 500 000.000 | 38 708 800 000.000 | 40 294 400 000.000 | 43 035 100 000.000 | 45 356 700 000.000 | 44 299 000 000.000 | 45 195 400 000.000 | 43 311 700 000.000 | 40 299 200 000.000 | 38 338 300 000.000 | 35 902 500 000.000 | 35 456 400 000.000 | 36 419 300 000.000 | 36 379 600 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 130 333 500 000.000 | 136 241 600 000.000 | 141 155 600 000.000 | 145 707 700 000.000 | 149 761 100 000.000 | 155 865 700 000.000 | 161 451 700 000.000 | 158 755 400 000.000 | 148 406 400 000.000 | 135 545 500 000.000 | 125 284 200 000.000 | 120 999 800 000.000 | 120 876 200 000.000 | 120 454 400 000.000 | 119 720 100 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 163 460 800 000.000 | 178 904 900 000.000 | 193 715 800 000.000 | 199 242 300 000.000 | 217 861 600 000.000 | 232 694 600 000.000 | 241 990 400 000.000 | 237 534 200 000.000 | 224 124 000 000.000 | 203 308 200 000.000 | 188 380 600 000.000 | 179 884 400 000.000 | 177 236 000 000.000 | 176 368 900 000.000 | 174 494 200 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 196 486 000 000.000 | 207 871 500 000.000 | 218 391 800 000.000 | 219 700 300 000.000 | 232 118 700 000.000 | 239 717 700 000.000 | 238 914 200 000.000 | 228 639 200 000.000 | 216 112 900 000.000 | 194 178 900 000.000 | 180 418 000 000.000 | 175 878 700 000.000 | 176 715 400 000.000 | 176 368 900 000.000 | 175 509 600 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 38 559 100 000.000 | 44 382 800 000.000 | 45 697 500 000.000 | 40 268 600 000.000 | 48 076 400 000.000 | 55 714 400 000.000 | 51 706 600 000.000 | 44 503 200 000.000 | 35 893 600 000.000 | 26 786 900 000.000 | 20 978 200 000.000 | 19 589 200 000.000 | 18 963 600 000.000 | 18 995 000 000.000 | 19 437 400 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.721 | 2.989 | 4.080 | 4.096 | 6.802 | 5.395 | -2.332 | 2.024 | -4.168 | -6.955 | -4.866 | -6.353 | -1.243 | 2.716 | -0.109 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.921 | 3.450 | 3.020 | 3.486 | 3.314 | 2.989 | 4.230 | 1.347 | 4.704 | 3.118 | 1.035 | -0.854 | -1.394 | -1.094 | 0.013 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.085 | 4.533 | 3.607 | 3.225 | 2.782 | 4.076 | 3.584 | -1.670 | -6.519 | -8.666 | -7.570 | -3.420 | -0.102 | -0.349 | -0.610 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.923 | 5.795 | 5.061 | 0.599 | 5.652 | 3.274 | -0.335 | -4.301 | -5.479 | -10.149 | -7.087 | -2.516 | 0.476 | -0.196 | -0.487 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.333 | 15.103 | 2.962 | -11.880 | 19.389 | 15.887 | -7.193 | -13.931 | -19.346 | -25.371 | -21.685 | -6.621 | -3.194 | 0.166 | 2.329 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -3.432 | 7.393 | 4.418 | 0.854 | 13.310 | 15.499 | 1.321 | -20.354 | -3.431 | -9.595 | -5.511 | -3.478 | 6.746 | 7.851 | 2.156 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.570 | 2.995 | 3.170 | 3.257 | 2.441 | 3.093 | 3.122 | 2.263 | 2.611 | 1.079 | -0.328 | -2.401 | -1.490 | -0.396 | 0.609 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.349 | 3.454 | 3.063 | 2.240 | 3.495 | 3.423 | 4.345 | 2.570 | -0.177 | 0.959 | -0.275 | -2.046 | -1.939 | -0.294 | -0.579 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -7.325 | -0.734 | 18.551 | 3.340 | 5.213 | 10.618 | 3.473 | -18.519 | 4.861 | 0.639 | 1.963 | 1.787 | 8.247 | 5.018 | -0.415 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.765 | 0.791 | 0.815 | 0.843 | 0.871 | 0.897 | 0.935 | 0.948 | 0.993 | 1.024 | 1.034 | 1.025 | 1.011 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.832 | 0.861 | 0.887 | 0.907 | 0.939 | 0.971 | 1.013 | 1.039 | 1.037 | 1.047 | 1.044 | 1.023 | 1.003 | 1.000 | 0.994 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.926 | 0.925 | 0.944 | 0.976 | 1.008 | 1.031 | 1.087 | 1.071 | 1.070 | 1.144 | 1.193 | 1.157 | 1.113 | 1.000 | 0.956 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.862 | 0.876 | 0.894 | 0.916 | 0.945 | 0.971 | 1.012 | 0.991 | 1.024 | 1.079 | 1.106 | 1.090 | 1.067 | 1.000 | 0.968 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 4 264 950.000 | 4 353 175.000 | 4 389 525.000 | 4 443 550.000 | 4 527 500.000 | 4 564 050.000 | 4 610 500.000 | 4 556 000.000 | 4 389 750.000 | 4 054 350.000 | 3 694 975.000 | 3 513 200.000 | 3 536 250.000 | 3 610 675.000 | 3 673 560.902 |
Labour force | Persons | | 4 757 600.000 | 4 825 825.000 | 4 909 500.000 | 4 937 100.000 | 4 975 725.000 | 4 982 400.000 | 4 998 375.000 | 5 040 700.000 | 5 029 125.000 | 4 936 175.000 | 4 890 075.000 | 4 843 550.000 | 4 810 675.000 | 4 807 625.000 | 4 804 506.835 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 10.355 | 9.794 | 10.591 | 9.997 | 9.008 | 8.397 | 7.760 | 9.616 | 12.713 | 17.865 | 24.439 | 27.466 | 26.492 | 24.897 | 23.539 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 5.123 | 4.268 | 4.256 | 3.585 | 4.070 | 4.500 | 4.803 | 5.174 | 9.092 | 15.749 | 22.498 | 10.054 | 6.929 | 9.644 | 8.360 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |