Green Growth Indicators

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Environment
- Air and Climate
- Air quality and health
  - Exposure to air pollution
    - Exposure to PM2.5 in countries and regions
    - Exposure to PM2.5 in metropolitan areas
    - Mortality and welfare cost from exposure to air pollution
- Water
- Waste
- Material Resources
  - Material Resources
- Forest
  - Depletion and growth of forest resources in terms of volume
- Biodiversity
  - Protected areas
    - Extent of protected area coverage
    - Extent of protected area coverage by management objective
  - Threatened species
- Land Resources
  - Land Cover
    - Land cover in countries and regions
      - Land cover in countries
      - Land cover in macroregions
    - Land cover in metropolitan areas
      - Land cover in metropolitan areas
      - Land cover in metropolitan areas -detail
    - Land cover change in countries and regions
    - Built-up area and built-up area change in countries and regions
    - Built-up area and built-up area change in metropolitan areas
      - Built-up area in metropolitan areas
      - Built-up area change in metropolitan areas
    - Surface water and surface water change
      - Surface water
      - Surface water change
  - Land Use
    - Land use
- Innovation in environment-related technologies
- Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity
  - Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity
- Environmental policy
- Environmental Expenditures and Revenues
  - Environmental protection expenditure and revenues
- Environmental Performance of Agriculture 2013
- Green Growth
  - Green Growth Indicators
- Mineral and Energy Resource Accounts
  - Mineral and Energy Resources

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Green Growth Indicators

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Country

Year

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Variable

Unit

Environmental and resource productivity

CO2 Productivity

Production-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions

US dollars per kilogram, 2010

2.55

2.71

2.96

3.00

3.05

3.06

3.13

3.21

3.33

3.38

3.47

3.56

3.53

3.65

3.74

3.78

3.91

..

Production-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita

Tonnes

10.29

10.31

10.79

10.72

10.63

10.76

10.79

10.74

10.61

10.67

10.31

9.64

9.95

9.76

9.60

9.56

9.37

..

Production-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100

Index, 2000=100

88.41

92.33

100.00

100.11

99.88

101.76

102.78

103.04

102.47

103.79

101.14

95.14

98.98

97.58

96.52

96.59

95.21

..

Production-based CO2 emissions

Tonnes, Millions

11 014.28

11 502.57

12 458.50

12 471.65

12 443.85

12 677.55

12 804.59

12 837.30

12 766.04

12 931.20

12 600.90

11 853.04

12 331.40

12 157.25

12 025.06

12 033.81

11 862.24

..

Demand-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions

US dollars per kilogram, 2010

..

2.48

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.68

2.71

2.75

2.84

2.91

3.00

3.14

3.10

3.19

..

Demand-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita

Tonnes

..

11.26

12.26

12.14

12.04

12.28

12.45

12.53

12.46

12.38

11.94

10.92

11.33

11.17

..

Demand-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100

Index, 2000=100

..

88.77

100.00

99.71

99.57

102.26

104.36

105.78

105.89

106.07

103.06

94.90

99.20

98.29

..

Demand-based CO2 emissions

Tonnes, Millions

..

12 565.79

14 155.79

14 115.25

14 095.59

14 476.35

14 773.00

14 973.31

14 989.98

15 015.41

14 588.35

13 433.47

14 041.86

13 914.16

..

Energy productivity

Energy productivity, GDP per unit of TPES

US Dollar, 2010

6 189.49

6 375.57

6 945.38

7 062.78

7 135.90

7 191.44

7 293.72

7 452.06

7 680.01

7 849.98

7 969.12

8 044.47

8 018.88

8 327.91

8 488.75

8 560.05

8 785.87

^(E)

8 989.43

Energy intensity, TPES per capita

Tonnes of oil equivalent (toe)

4.24

4.38

4.59

4.55

4.58

4.63

4.60

4.59

4.49

4.27

4.38

4.28

4.23

4.22

4.17

^(E)

4.14

Total primary energy supply, index 2000=100

Index, 2000=100

85.48

92.08

100.00

99.72

100.38

101.69

103.61

104.24

104.35

104.84

103.52

99.00

102.35

100.44

99.77

100.19

99.51

^(E)

99.42

Total primary energy supply

Tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), Millions

4 533.62

4 883.95

5 303.77

5 288.91

5 323.98

5 393.63

5 495.44

5 528.83

5 534.54

5 560.27

5 490.65

5 250.77

5 428.27

5 327.32

5 291.50

5 314.11

5 277.61

^(E)

5 272.86

Renewable energy supply, % TPES

Percentage

5.99

6.17

6.03

5.74

5.78

5.91

6.03

6.25

6.45

6.65

7.02

7.47

7.79

8.16

8.72

9.17

9.40

9.64

Renewable electricity, % total electricity generation

Percentage

17.24

17.00

15.54

14.74

15.05

14.83

15.09

15.10

15.53

15.36

16.30

17.37

17.69

19.04

20.01

21.26

22.09

22.96

Energy consumption in agriculture, % total energy consumption

Percentage

1.75

1.78

1.59

1.62

1.72

1.63

1.72

1.76

1.78

1.74

1.78

1.79

1.78

1.77

1.76

1.77

1.73

..

Energy consumption in services, % total energy consumption

Percentage

11.05

11.65

11.75

12.02

12.10

12.33

12.36

12.45

12.32

12.36

12.92

13.46

13.16

13.08

12.99

13.27

13.21

..

Energy consumption in industry, % total energy consumption

Percentage

27.00

24.67

25.18

24.32

23.42

23.31

23.35

22.84

23.25

23.10

22.63

21.13

21.99

22.61

22.35

22.18

22.28

..

Energy consumption in transport, % total energy consumption

Percentage

30.26

31.08

31.47

31.77

32.05

31.99

31.98

32.23

32.48

32.82

32.43

32.88

32.20

32.52

33.10

32.80

33.48

..

Energy consumption in other sectors, % total energy consumption

Percentage

29.94

30.82

30.01

30.27

30.70

30.74

30.59

30.71

30.17

29.98

30.24

30.75

30.88

30.01

29.80

29.99

29.29

..

Non-energy material productivity

Non-energy material productivity, GDP per unit of DMC

US dollars per kilogram, 2010

..

2.15

2.28

2.32

2.31

2.40

..

Biomass, % of DMC

Percentage

..

25.72

27.95

26.96

26.55

26.95

..

Non-metallic minerals, % of DMC

Percentage

..

44.58

41.58

40.97

41.02

39.57

..

Metals, % of DMC

Percentage

..

29.70

30.47

32.07

32.43

33.48

..

Municipal waste generated, kg per capita

Kilograms per capita

^(E)

502.86

^(E)

521.12

^(E)

554.05

^(E)

549.40

^(E)

554.97

^(E)

550.61

^(E)

554.03

^(E)

553.63

^(E)

555.47

^(E)

553.63

^(E)

543.52

^(E)

531.89

^(E)

531.40

^(E)

529.29

^(E)

523.66

^(E)

518.92

^(E)

515.51

^(E)

519.52

Municipal waste incinerated, % treated waste

Percentage

..

^(EI)

19.33

^(EI)

18.63

..

^(EI)

19.33

..

^(EI)

20.43

..

^(EI)

21.49

21.83

Municipal waste recycled or composted, % treated waste

Percentage

..

^(EI)

19.35

^(EI)

24.51

..

^(EI)

29.55

..

^(EI)

32.35

..

^(EI)

34.18

^(EI)

34.93

Municipal waste disposed to landfills, % treated waste

Percentage

..

^(EI)

60.67

^(EI)

56.19

..

^(EI)

50.60

..

^(EI)

46.88

..

^(EI)

44.15

^(EI)

43.10

Natural asset base

Freshwater resources

Total freshwater abstraction per capita

Cubic metres per capita

^(E)

945.55

^(E)

913.28

^(E)

896.28

^(E)

887.43

^(E)

879.67

^(E)

879.93

^(E)

877.30

^(E)

872.47

^(E)

863.44

^(E)

852.73

^(E)

843.24

^(E)

838.88

^(E)

833.11

^(E)

827.70

^(E)

827.22

^(E)

821.10

819.09

..

Water stress, total freshwater abstraction as % total available renewable resources

Percentage

^(E)

9.51

^(E)

9.72

^(E)

9.77

^(E)

9.79

^(E)

9.76

^(E)

9.71

^(E)

9.67

^(E)

9.69

^(E)

9.69

^(E)

9.68

^(E)

9.73

^(E)

9.71

^(E)

9.74

^(E)

9.74

^(E)

9.74

^(E)

9.74

..

Water stress, total freshwater abstraction as % total internal renewable resources

Percentage

^(E)

10.15

^(E)

10.37

^(E)

10.43

^(E)

10.44

^(E)

10.41

^(E)

10.36

^(E)

10.32

^(E)

10.34

^(E)

10.34

^(E)

10.33

^(E)

10.38

^(E)

10.36

^(E)

10.39

^(E)

10.39

^(E)

10.39

^(E)

10.39

..

Land resources

Arable and cropland, % total land area

Percentage

13.66

13.19

13.16

13.20

13.02

12.91

12.82

12.79

12.52

12.38

12.28

12.06

12.02

12.23

12.09

12.18

..

Pastures and meadows, % total land area

Percentage

25.11

25.08

24.66

24.60

24.35

24.20

24.25

24.42

24.22

24.10

23.87

23.58

23.37

23.55

23.41

23.19

23.43

..

Forest, % total land area

Percentage

30.80

30.98

31.08

31.09

31.10

31.11

31.12

31.13

31.14

31.16

31.17

31.18

31.21

31.25

31.28

31.31

..

Other land, % total land area

Percentage

30.43

30.75

31.10

31.11

31.54

31.79

31.82

31.67

32.13

32.38

32.58

32.97

33.39

33.21

33.11

33.44

33.08

..

Forest resources

Forest resource stocks

Cubic metres, Millions

66 866.05

..

73 119.72

..

123 569.70

..

80 585.51

..

79 594.78

Forests under sustainable management certification, % total forest area

Percentage

..

1.82

^(E)

3.98

^(E)

7.57

^(E)

11.90

^(E)

13.69

15.88

^(E)

16.38

^(E)

17.58

^(E)

18.74

^(E)

20.19

22.41

^(E)

21.87

^(E)

23.49

^(E)

32.29

^(E)

32.14

..

Environmental dimension of quality of life

Exposure to air pollution

Mean population exposure to PM2.5

Micrograms per cubic metre

..

15.93

15.68

16.14

16.72

14.09

14.94

15.00

14.02

13.99

13.92

14.04

13.49

13.09

14.07

..

14.48

Percentage of population exposed to more than 10 micrograms/m3

Percentage

..

86.65

85.77

87.09

88.75

81.46

84.39

82.02

80.46

73.31

70.22

68.53

75.72

69.20

69.97

..

75.16

Percentage of population exposed to more than 35 micrograms/m3

Percentage

..

0.59

1.37

0.22

0.41

0.03

0.10

0.16

0.05

0.27

0.22

0.64

0.03

0.48

..

1.50

Mortality from exposure to PM2.5

Per 1 000 000 inhabitants

483.61

442.58

401.36

..

367.61

..

338.80

..

368.26

Access to drinking water and sewage treatment

Population with access to improved drinking water sources, % total population

Percentage

..

97.94

98.05

98.15

98.26

98.37

98.48

98.58

98.68

98.79

98.89

98.99

99.08

99.17

99.25

99.32

Population with access to improved sanitation, % total population

Percentage

..

96.07

96.20

96.33

96.46

96.59

96.72

96.85

96.98

97.10

97.22

97.35

97.47

97.59

97.70

97.80

97.82

Economic opportunities and policy responses

Technology and innovation: Patents

Development of environment-related technologies, % all technologies

Percentage

7.13

7.11

7.40

7.62

7.59

7.81

7.89

8.14

8.83

9.55

10.50

11.83

12.26

12.34

11.83

10.45

..

Relative advantage in environment-related technology

Ratio

1.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

..

Development of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide

Percentage

98.26

98.08

96.83

96.70

95.67

95.24

94.71

93.97

93.38

93.11

91.95

91.37

90.69

90.34

89.81

90.26

..

Development of environment-related technologies, inventions per capita

Number

7.41

8.07

13.29

13.66

14.61

14.49

15.36

16.23

17.56

18.75

19.34

21.38

23.49

24.21

23.55

20.42

..

Environmental taxes and transfers

Environmentally related taxes, % GDP

Percentage

..

^(E)

1.84

^(E)

1.83

^(E)

1.84

^(E)

1.85

^(E)

1.84

^(E)

1.70

^(E)

1.74

^(E)

1.68

^(E)

1.64

^(E)

1.54

^(E)

1.63

^(E)

1.65

^(E)

1.62

^(E)

1.60

^(E)

1.63

^(E)

1.61

..

Environmentally related taxes, % total tax revenue

Percentage

..

^(E)

6.11

^(E)

5.84

^(E)

5.98

^(E)

6.25

^(E)

6.26

^(E)

5.79

^(E)

5.78

^(E)

5.46

^(E)

5.33

^(E)

5.11

^(E)

5.68

^(E)

5.69

^(E)

5.49

^(E)

5.35

^(E)

5.31

^(E)

5.23

..

Energy related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue

Percentage

..

^(E)

71.98

^(E)

71.69

^(E)

72.54

^(E)

73.14

^(E)

72.73

^(E)

70.38

^(E)

70.83

^(E)

69.83

^(E)

69.14

^(E)

67.95

^(E)

70.60

^(E)

69.40

^(E)

68.50

^(E)

68.64

^(E)

69.61

^(E)

69.78

..

Road transport-related tax revenue, % total environmental tax revenue

Percentage

..

^(E)

25.81

^(E)

25.64

^(E)

24.85

^(E)

24.28

^(E)

24.65

^(E)

26.85

^(E)

26.51

^(E)

27.35

^(E)

27.92

^(E)

28.96

^(E)

26.50

^(E)

26.62

^(E)

27.47

^(E)

27.35

^(E)

26.74

^(E)

26.54

..

Fossil fuel consumption support, % energy related tax revenue

Percentage

..

^(E)

7.62

^(E)

7.72

^(E)

6.95

^(E)

8.15

^(E)

8.12

^(E)

8.64

^(E)

8.63

^(E)

9.99

^(E)

18.38

^(E)

9.37

^(E)

11.78

^(E)

14.24

^(E)

14.33

^(E)

10.62

^(E)

10.04

..

Fossil fuel consumption support, % total tax revenue

Percentage

..

^(E)

0.30

^(E)

0.32

^(E)

0.31

^(E)

0.37

^(E)

0.34

^(E)

0.36

^(E)

0.33

^(E)

0.37

^(E)

0.64

^(E)

0.38

^(E)

0.47

^(E)

0.54

^(E)

0.53

^(E)

0.39

^(E)

0.36

..

Fossil fuel consumption support, % total fossil fuel support

Percentage

..

58.10

60.55

59.24

53.36

65.71

70.05

65.45

72.85

81.83

68.39

73.47

80.66

81.88

79.22

80.17

..

Fossil fuel production support, % total fossil fuel support

Percentage

..

33.23

31.43

32.83

40.62

27.80

25.41

30.30

23.32

15.59

22.56

18.72

16.42

14.62

16.64

15.04

..

Fossil fuel general services support, % total fossil fuel support

Percentage

..

8.67

8.02

7.93

6.02

6.49

4.53

4.25

3.82

2.58

9.05

7.80

2.91

3.50

4.15

4.79

..

Petroleum support, % total fossil fuel support

Percentage

..

52.85

54.11

54.04

48.02

59.84

61.64

56.27

63.76

71.35

59.56

64.27

70.91

74.24

69.93

66.55

..

Coal support, % total fossil fuel support

Percentage

..

30.17

27.03

26.53

38.54

24.69

21.56

25.58

19.09

13.37

20.25

16.88

11.63

10.05

12.33

13.40

..

Gas support, % total fossil fuel support

Percentage

..

16.98

18.87

19.43

13.44

15.47

16.79

18.15

17.15

15.28

20.20

18.85

17.45

15.71

17.74

20.05

..

Total fossil fuel support, % of total tax revenue

Percentage

..

0.52

0.53

0.68

0.52

0.51

0.78

0.55

0.63

0.67

0.65

0.50

0.44

..

Socio-economic context

Real GDP, Index 2000=100

Index, 2000=100

76.18

84.53

100.00

101.41

103.13

105.30

108.81

111.85

115.39

118.49

118.78

114.67

118.17

120.44

121.94

123.49

125.88

128.68

Value added in agriculture, % of total value added

Percentage

^(E)

2.78

^(E)

2.50

^(E)

2.14

^(E)

2.06

^(E)

1.95

^(E)

1.96

^(E)

1.99

^(E)

1.82

^(E)

1.71

1.72

1.71

1.64

1.75

1.84

1.80

^(E)

1.88

^(E)

1.81

^(E)

1.81

Value added in industry, % of total value added

Percentage

^(E)

29.38

^(E)

28.54

^(E)

27.40

^(E)

26.63

^(E)

25.96

^(E)

25.83

^(E)

26.04

^(E)

26.09

^(E)

26.44

^(E)

26.33

^(E)

25.95

^(E)

24.36

^(E)

24.94

^(E)

25.07

^(E)

24.86

^(E)

24.76

^(E)

24.74

^(E)

24.76

Value added in services, % of total value added

Percentage

^(E)

67.84

^(E)

68.96

^(E)

70.46

^(E)

71.32

^(E)

72.09

^(E)

72.21

^(E)

71.97

^(E)

72.08

^(E)

71.85

^(E)

71.96

^(E)

72.34

^(E)

73.99

^(E)

73.32

^(E)

73.09

^(E)

73.33

^(E)

73.36

^(E)

73.45

^(E)

73.42

Real GDP per capita

US Dollar, 2010

26 223.72

27 914.53

31 892.97

32 120.06

32 462.03

32 912.92

33 776.86

34 478.27

35 321.92

36 001.68

35 816.91

34 339.32

35 131.91

35 611.89

35 868.35

36 125.10

36 612.61

37 210.90

Population density, inhabitants per km2

Inhabitants

..

30.93

32.03

32.25

32.45

32.68

32.90

33.13

33.37

33.62

33.69

33.92

34.16

34.35

34.53

34.72

34.92

..

Labour tax revenue, % GDP

Percentage

17.05

17.07

17.75

17.73

16.80

16.39

16.17

16.45

16.70

16.99

17.13

16.37

16.22

16.57

16.78

17.42

16.82

16.65

Labour tax revenue, % total tax revenue

Percentage

57.27

57.01

56.97

57.92

56.92

56.01

55.37

54.98

54.78

55.45

57.16

57.15

56.17

56.32

56.42

57.05

54.65

53.58

Legend:

E	Estimated value
I	Incomplete data

Data extracted on 19 Jun 2018 08:18 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat

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