External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 1.483 | 1.944 | 2.472 | 1.725 | 2.724 | 1.373 | 0.905 | 2.385 | 3.447 | 1.646 | -0.291 | 2.771 | 2.083 | 2.111 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 190 679 780 884.278 | 191 610 597 411.961 | 197 476 215 095.842 | 203 468 011 718.988 | 208 763 572 011.034 | 220 348 962 489.077 | 231 142 557 157.812 | 240 187 920 278.911 | 213 280 170 506.800 | 233 273 763 287.081 | 260 717 040 210.587 | 265 694 055 397.834 | 273 134 818 627.009 | 280 752 324 324.076 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 183 232 904 237.068 | 183 989 019 432.044 | 189 523 572 499.534 | 195 752 936 072.412 | 202 215 331 886.877 | 213 315 145 514.609 | 224 081 261 607.807 | 231 025 738 664.298 | 206 490 910 964.930 | 230 472 089 361.767 | 253 360 017 967.283 | 254 749 745 978.175 | 262 784 315 978.321 | 270 000 425 101.087 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 175 786 027 589.857 | 176 367 441 452.127 | 181 570 929 903.226 | 188 037 860 425.836 | 195 667 091 762.721 | 206 281 328 540.142 | 217 019 966 057.802 | 221 863 557 049.684 | 199 701 651 423.059 | 227 670 415 436.454 | 246 002 995 723.979 | 243 805 436 558.516 | 252 433 813 329.632 | 259 248 525 878.098 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 46.448 | 43.780 | 48.512 | 50.462 | 49.624 | 47.498 | 44.993 | 45.405 | 51.154 | 51.810 | 40.250 | 40.250 | 40.250 | 40.250 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 104.547 | 101.600 | 109.306 | 108.909 | 108.213 | 101.677 | 96.224 | 93.827 | 111.676 | 105.476 | 83.984 | 83.791 | 84.703 | 85.589 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.189 | -1.951 | -2.727 | -1.010 | -1.535 | -0.816 | 0.170 | 0.568 | -8.003 | -5.791 | -3.543 | -2.639 | -2.503 | -2.463 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -0.015 | 0.172 | -0.721 | 0.839 | 0.141 | 0.667 | 1.472 | 1.728 | -6.887 | -4.891 | -2.806 | -1.640 | -1.190 | -1.112 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 81.916 | 81.304 | 83.994 | 84.886 | 82.847 | 78.455 | 74.088 | 70.653 | 83.077 | 82.520 | 78.437 | 78.244 | 79.156 | 80.042 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.004 | -0.006 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.005 | -0.012 | 0.000 | 0.012 | -0.003 | -0.011 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 171 870 147 000.000 | 172 709 143 000.000 | 177 996 146 000.000 | 183 396 881 000.000 | 188 170 060 000.000 | 198 612 608 000.000 | 208 341 467 000.000 | 216 494 549 000.000 | 192 241 118 000.000 | 210 262 440 000.000 | 234 998 571 000.000 | 239 484 627 822.000 | 246 191 395 912.774 | 253 057 471 685.762 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 66 389 330 000.000 | 66 902 132 000.000 | 67 434 601 000.000 | 68 008 541 000.000 | 69 278 187 000.000 | 69 840 438 000.000 | 70 736 548 000.000 | 71 675 620 000.000 | 71 375 844 000.000 | 76 837 526 000.000 | 76 881 742 000.000 | 76 158 489 940.000 | 75 423 551 458.567 | 75 962 551 804.592 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 79 052 626 228.243 | 78 459 534 795.376 | 79 286 338 642.513 | 81 856 339 811.632 | 85 681 550 987.873 | 89 357 742 382.768 | 94 624 123 271.169 | 94 328 695 436.819 | 89 431 953 663.315 | 98 802 847 615.614 | 97 945 690 157.939 | 91 992 110 200.542 | 92 354 414 278.181 | 93 060 261 131.939 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 318 669 037 120.246 | 323 760 438 682.538 | 333 358 363 423.807 | 344 301 256 624.137 | 357 582 350 928.517 | 369 577 080 989.878 | 385 245 594 597.194 | 397 069 905 240.443 | 380 347 644 522.739 | 405 095 135 949.695 | 447 110 264 375.247 | 478 072 826 887.181 | 496 207 955 995.696 | 514 455 185 205.999 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 423 416 787 296.006 | 423 377 223 627.640 | 426 774 348 811.292 | 431 002 381 639.213 | 439 520 275 773.758 | 449 844 055 804.567 | 460 563 270 102.900 | 467 255 255 519.362 | 435 833 782 428.386 | 454 820 077 688.844 | 476 801 110 225.932 | 475 064 653 128.072 | 477 964 283 614.109 | 485 037 584 595.082 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 375 245 886 691.902 | 375 210 824 067.410 | 378 221 468 165.589 | 381 968 489 953.761 | 389 517 327 961.997 | 398 666 601 462.494 | 408 166 321 820.078 | 414 096 979 452.634 | 386 250 236 279.113 | 403 076 515 760.149 | 422 556 829 938.190 | 421 017 924 531.180 | 423 587 672 461.488 | 429 856 264 492.036 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 338 241 592 975.449 | 338 209 987 997.532 | 340 923 742 076.565 | 344 301 257 096.698 | 351 105 678 100.560 | 359 352 710 121.772 | 367 915 630 224.368 | 373 261 445 211.741 | 348 160 765 619.420 | 363 327 747 530.106 | 380 887 040 604.125 | 379 499 891 977.675 | 381 816 228 183.664 | 387 466 652 690.159 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 75 249 777 000.000 | 76 566 874 000.000 | 76 406 409 000.000 | 78 170 370 000.000 | 81 521 273 000.000 | 84 787 712 000.000 | 88 364 141 000.000 | 92 614 039 000.000 | 87 803 458 000.000 | 93 090 024 000.000 | 93 408 309 000.000 | 91 315 982 467.000 | 90 052 331 445.167 | 90 736 624 767.105 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 158 467 900 000.000 | 158 992 034 000.000 | 163 682 884 000.000 | 169 512 704 000.000 | 176 390 317 000.000 | 185 958 858 000.000 | 195 639 544 000.000 | 200 005 953 000.000 | 180 027 399 000.000 | 205 240 730 000.000 | 221 767 217 000.000 | 219 786 157 465.000 | 227 564 481 863.557 | 233 707 821 021.198 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.001 | -0.002 | -0.006 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.010 | -0.010 | -0.019 | 0.021 | 0.017 | -0.003 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 180 076 592 000.000 | 179 883 754 000.000 | 180 452 095 000.000 | 181 330 026 000.000 | 184 202 014 000.000 | 187 926 472 000.000 | 190 057 954 000.000 | 191 131 526 000.000 | 174 898 110 000.000 | 181 969 534 000.000 | 192 572 095 000.000 | 192 722 123 335.000 | 195 747 828 000.221 | 199 516 333 373.847 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.643 | 0.488 | 3.061 | 3.034 | 2.603 | 5.550 | 4.898 | 3.913 | -11.203 | 9.374 | 11.764 | 1.909 | 2.801 | 2.789 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.102 | 0.772 | 0.796 | 0.851 | 1.867 | 0.812 | 1.283 | 1.328 | -0.418 | 7.652 | 0.058 | -0.941 | -0.965 | 0.715 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.025 | 1.607 | 2.145 | 2.269 | 1.845 | 0.982 | 1.813 | 1.593 | 2.694 | 2.060 | 5.283 | 7.316 | 3.164 | 2.165 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 2.762 | 1.598 | 2.965 | 3.283 | 3.857 | 3.354 | 4.240 | 3.069 | -4.211 | 6.507 | 10.372 | 6.925 | 3.793 | 3.677 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.723 | -0.009 | 0.802 | 0.991 | 1.976 | 2.349 | 2.383 | 1.453 | -6.725 | 4.356 | 4.833 | -0.364 | 0.610 | 1.480 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.053 | 1.750 | -0.210 | 2.309 | 4.287 | 4.007 | 4.218 | 4.810 | -5.194 | 6.021 | 0.342 | -2.240 | -1.384 | 0.760 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.151 | 2.226 | 1.742 | 1.749 | 1.637 | 2.092 | 1.814 | 1.653 | 1.988 | 2.268 | 5.095 | 7.388 | 4.159 | 2.348 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.572 | 2.118 | 1.461 | 0.805 | 0.971 | 2.231 | 2.120 | 1.491 | 1.388 | 2.759 | 8.618 | 7.731 | 3.875 | 2.530 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.201 | 0.331 | 2.950 | 3.562 | 4.057 | 5.425 | 5.206 | 2.232 | -9.989 | 14.005 | 8.052 | -0.893 | 3.539 | 2.700 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.587 | -0.107 | 0.316 | 0.487 | 1.584 | 2.022 | 1.134 | 0.565 | -8.493 | 4.043 | 5.827 | 0.078 | 1.570 | 1.925 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 185 379 842 000.000 | 185 562 492 000.000 | 190 712 168 000.000 | 193 117 609 000.000 | 201 290 948 000.000 | 208 325 185 000.000 | 215 158 042 000.000 | 220 726 743 000.000 | 217 119 713 000.000 | 225 668 745 000.000 | 250 273 457 000.000 | 266 111 988 671.847 | 281 346 570 920.404 | 293 650 460 161.496 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.957 | 0.978 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 1.010 | 1.032 | 1.054 | 1.070 | 1.085 | 1.115 | 1.211 | 1.304 | 1.355 | 1.389 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.945 | 0.966 | 0.983 | 1.000 | 1.016 | 1.038 | 1.056 | 1.074 | 1.095 | 1.120 | 1.177 | 1.264 | 1.317 | 1.348 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.003 | 1.000 | 0.996 | 1.011 | 1.029 | 1.025 | 1.017 | 1.075 | 1.183 | 1.218 | 1.232 | 1.258 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.942 | 0.957 | 0.978 | 1.000 | 1.018 | 1.028 | 1.047 | 1.064 | 1.092 | 1.115 | 1.174 | 1.260 | 1.300 | 1.328 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.032 | 1.032 | 1.021 | 1.000 | 0.986 | 1.013 | 1.033 | 1.036 | 1.019 | 1.085 | 1.240 | 1.250 | 1.265 | 1.294 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.814 | 0.797 | 0.799 | 0.799 | 0.777 | 0.775 | 0.765 | 0.749 | 0.746 | 0.756 | 0.729 | 0.750 | 0.762 | 0.763 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 4 293 300.000 | 4 335 850.000 | 4 357 500.000 | 4 400 025.000 | 4 490 200.000 | 4 508 025.000 | 4 539 075.000 | 4 559 200.000 | 4 540 300.000 | 4 589 575.000 | 4 663 550.000 | 4 722 409.927 | 4 742 009.041 | 4 752 093.148 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 4 084 450.000 | 4 104 525.000 | 4 112 675.000 | 4 148 250.000 | 4 220 175.000 | 4 260 100.000 | 4 319 025.000 | 4 354 650.000 | 4 296 825.000 | 4 305 875.000 | 4 442 450.000 | 4 481 934.119 | 4 482 969.245 | 4 497 672.536 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 4.865 | 5.335 | 5.618 | 5.722 | 6.014 | 5.500 | 4.848 | 4.487 | 5.363 | 6.181 | 4.741 | 5.092 | 5.463 | 5.354 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 2.371 | 2.011 | 1.487 | 0.747 | 0.375 | 0.583 | 0.686 | 0.063 | -0.225 | -0.085 | 1.711 | 3.154 | 4.086 | 4.167 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |