External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -0.081 | 0.955 | 0.772 | 1.383 | 0.552 | 0.698 | -0.914 | 0.098 | 1.412 | 1.309 | -1.012 | -1.250 | -1.081 | -1.982 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 328 477 138 718.842 | 329 635 306 930.010 | 346 765 990 375.288 | 359 670 025 463.713 | 381 976 966 450.479 | 402 875 024 651.628 | 407 215 936 730.463 | 416 942 774 733.843 | 390 847 381 217.248 | 445 003 948 011.158 | 466 893 770 944.860 | 465 115 363 472.177 | 466 563 598 861.824 | 476 177 792 604.933 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 325 612 601 649.780 | 325 846 075 250.792 | 343 314 077 290.233 | 356 416 461 975.386 | 380 728 650 235.128 | 401 079 448 029.284 | 407 196 964 646.595 | 416 044 057 859.088 | 387 717 381 137.844 | 439 857 696 260.382 | 461 443 306 103.141 | 461 309 921 969.127 | 463 522 864 506.861 | 473 814 577 544.843 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 322 748 064 580.718 | 322 056 843 571.574 | 339 862 164 205.177 | 353 162 898 487.059 | 379 480 334 019.777 | 399 283 871 406.940 | 407 177 992 562.728 | 415 145 340 984.332 | 384 587 381 058.441 | 434 711 444 509.605 | 455 992 841 261.422 | 457 504 480 466.077 | 460 482 130 151.898 | 471 451 362 484.754 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 29.370 | 30.804 | 35.098 | 34.025 | 36.951 | 35.735 | 34.571 | 36.132 | 40.186 | 38.327 | 31.533 | 31.533 | 31.533 | 31.533 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 121.094 | 118.759 | 130.800 | 126.512 | 127.790 | 121.634 | 119.290 | 121.306 | 141.472 | 129.258 | 104.192 | 105.264 | 107.405 | 109.827 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -4.318 | -3.129 | -3.056 | -2.414 | -2.363 | -0.684 | -0.870 | -1.991 | -8.866 | -5.371 | -3.539 | -4.852 | -4.847 | -5.049 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -1.160 | -0.191 | -0.186 | 0.158 | 0.005 | 1.379 | 0.968 | -0.270 | -7.184 | -3.959 | -2.269 | -3.535 | -3.169 | -2.991 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 104.811 | 105.486 | 107.042 | 105.232 | 105.007 | 102.022 | 99.856 | 97.613 | 111.821 | 107.979 | 104.335 | 105.407 | 107.549 | 109.970 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.006 | -0.004 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.004 | -0.007 | -0.006 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 296 097 000 000.000 | 297 141 000 000.000 | 312 583 000 000.000 | 324 215 000 000.000 | 344 323 000 000.000 | 363 161 000 000.000 | 367 074 000 000.000 | 375 842 000 000.000 | 352 319 000 000.000 | 401 137 000 000.000 | 420 869 000 000.000 | 419 265 901 776.809 | 420 571 375 137.424 | 429 237 834 958.209 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 96 823 000 000.000 | 96 956 000 000.000 | 98 131 000 000.000 | 98 403 000 000.000 | 98 862 000 000.000 | 99 039 000 000.000 | 100 656 000 000.000 | 102 905 000 000.000 | 102 545 000 000.000 | 107 917 000 000.000 | 112 465 000 000.000 | 112 860 222 111.188 | 114 174 208 143.941 | 115 983 380 943.465 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 92 013 000 000.000 | 88 530 000 000.000 | 93 320 000 000.000 | 98 459 000 000.000 | 103 531 000 000.000 | 105 004 000 000.000 | 109 915 000 000.000 | 112 044 000 000.000 | 103 814 000 000.000 | 110 491 000 000.000 | 111 949 000 000.000 | 117 414 453 694.414 | 118 944 295 159.063 | 120 833 141 301.667 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 386 173 999 999.999 | 392 880 000 000.000 | 403 002 999 999.999 | 416 701 000 000.000 | 430 084 000 000.000 | 445 049 999 999.999 | 460 050 000 000.002 | 478 676 000 000.001 | 460 747 999 999.999 | 507 929 000 000.001 | 554 044 999 999.999 | 584 446 339 042.530 | 606 712 150 757.194 | 628 474 885 849.493 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 500 215 447 565.486 | 502 512 897 950.750 | 510 446 476 620.647 | 520 866 251 599.734 | 527 463 609 126.080 | 536 005 924 649.961 | 545 616 967 094.083 | 557 844 203 040.031 | 528 494 836 856.136 | 564 702 804 924.658 | 581 699 937 861.993 | 590 131 943 411.212 | 596 663 504 333.543 | 605 901 616 747.425 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 443 965 142 882.588 | 446 004 240 022.678 | 453 045 670 679.995 | 462 293 719 515.570 | 468 149 189 975.522 | 475 730 903 716.204 | 484 261 163 732.607 | 495 113 420 655.543 | 469 064 453 925.780 | 501 200 757 982.894 | 516 286 526 704.841 | 523 770 335 065.149 | 529 567 407 890.953 | 537 766 674 662.412 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 400 181 000 000.000 | 402 019 000 000.000 | 408 366 000 000.000 | 416 702 000 000.000 | 421 980 000 000.000 | 428 814 000 000.000 | 436 503 000 000.000 | 446 285 000 000.000 | 422 805 000 000.000 | 451 772 000 000.000 | 465 370 000 000.000 | 472 115 750 114.505 | 477 341 111 694.562 | 484 731 761 227.462 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 89 582 000 000.000 | 87 548 000 000.000 | 92 237 000 000.000 | 95 688 000 000.000 | 99 666 000 000.000 | 101 062 000 000.000 | 104 133 000 000.000 | 109 394 000 000.000 | 103 716 000 000.000 | 108 895 000 000.000 | 108 719 000 000.000 | 113 379 320 573.981 | 114 761 584 041.949 | 116 518 513 260.537 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 290 894 000 000.000 | 290 271 000 000.000 | 306 319 000 000.000 | 318 307 000 000.000 | 342 027 000 000.000 | 359 876 000 000.000 | 366 991 000 000.000 | 374 172 000 000.000 | 346 630 000 000.000 | 391 807 000 000.000 | 410 988 000 000.000 | 412 350 445 892.186 | 415 034 212 342.754 | 424 920 821 188.507 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.002 | 0.005 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.009 | 0.003 | -0.007 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.001 | -0.007 | -0.003 | -0.003 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 205 998 000 000.000 | 209 435 000 000.000 | 210 592 000 000.000 | 213 929 000 000.000 | 217 288 000 000.000 | 221 401 000 000.000 | 225 707 000 000.000 | 229 537 000 000.000 | 210 729 000 000.000 | 223 993 000 000.000 | 231 172 000 000.000 | 234 508 990 082.230 | 238 125 917 221.056 | 243 075 795 177.016 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.486 | 0.353 | 5.197 | 3.721 | 6.202 | 5.471 | 1.077 | 2.389 | -6.259 | 13.856 | 4.919 | -0.381 | 0.311 | 2.061 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.185 | 0.137 | 1.212 | 0.277 | 0.466 | 0.179 | 1.633 | 2.234 | -0.350 | 5.239 | 4.214 | 0.351 | 1.164 | 1.585 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.961 | 1.271 | 0.982 | 1.331 | 1.921 | 1.831 | 1.550 | 1.768 | 1.600 | 3.172 | 5.892 | 3.980 | 2.673 | 2.008 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 2.715 | 1.737 | 2.577 | 3.399 | 3.212 | 3.480 | 3.370 | 4.049 | -3.745 | 10.240 | 9.079 | 5.487 | 3.810 | 3.587 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.739 | 0.459 | 1.579 | 2.041 | 1.267 | 1.620 | 1.793 | 2.241 | -5.261 | 6.851 | 3.010 | 1.450 | 1.107 | 1.548 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.649 | -2.271 | 5.356 | 3.741 | 4.157 | 1.401 | 3.039 | 5.052 | -5.190 | 4.993 | -0.162 | 4.287 | 1.219 | 1.531 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.861 | 1.507 | 1.458 | 1.633 | 1.753 | 1.477 | 1.279 | 1.521 | 1.355 | 1.258 | 3.990 | 6.071 | 3.500 | 2.435 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.626 | 1.248 | 0.490 | 0.620 | 1.770 | 2.224 | 2.311 | 1.249 | 0.428 | 3.222 | 10.334 | 2.352 | 3.009 | 2.434 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.675 | -0.214 | 5.529 | 3.914 | 7.452 | 5.219 | 1.977 | 1.957 | -7.361 | 13.033 | 4.896 | 0.332 | 0.651 | 2.382 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.468 | 1.668 | 0.552 | 1.585 | 1.570 | 1.893 | 1.945 | 1.697 | -8.194 | 6.294 | 3.205 | 1.444 | 1.542 | 2.079 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 214 548 400 000.000 | 217 310 500 000.000 | 219 886 600 000.000 | 223 331 000 000.000 | 230 072 500 000.000 | 239 148 700 000.000 | 246 670 500 000.000 | 256 736 900 000.000 | 262 032 500 000.000 | 271 705 200 000.000 | 292 211 900 000.000 | 318 739 036 867.765 | 335 141 708 620.578 | 348 779 292 376.966 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.977 | 0.989 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 1.018 | 1.040 | 1.064 | 1.078 | 1.082 | 1.117 | 1.233 | 1.262 | 1.300 | 1.331 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.955 | 0.970 | 0.984 | 1.000 | 1.018 | 1.033 | 1.046 | 1.062 | 1.076 | 1.090 | 1.133 | 1.202 | 1.244 | 1.274 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.049 | 1.049 | 1.029 | 1.000 | 0.992 | 1.019 | 1.041 | 1.049 | 1.028 | 1.113 | 1.260 | 1.273 | 1.305 | 1.333 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.965 | 0.977 | 0.987 | 1.000 | 1.019 | 1.038 | 1.054 | 1.073 | 1.090 | 1.124 | 1.191 | 1.238 | 1.271 | 1.297 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.067 | 1.063 | 1.039 | 1.000 | 0.984 | 1.016 | 1.046 | 1.046 | 1.019 | 1.117 | 1.313 | 1.291 | 1.330 | 1.370 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.822 | 0.806 | 0.800 | 0.800 | 0.781 | 0.776 | 0.766 | 0.747 | 0.730 | 0.737 | 0.724 | 0.728 | 0.728 | 0.728 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 5 038 517.654 | 5 072 583.499 | 5 099 535.778 | 5 143 357.310 | 5 161 379.750 | 5 199 865.382 | 5 211 904.101 | 5 261 623.880 | 5 274 589.341 | 5 413 291.940 | 5 482 655.320 | 5 529 653.656 | 5 562 815.011 | 5 603 044.218 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 4 652 975.000 | 4 638 875.000 | 4 657 575.000 | 4 698 000.000 | 4 756 200.000 | 4 830 225.000 | 4 900 925.000 | 4 978 825.000 | 4 980 825.000 | 5 074 125.000 | 5 177 875.000 | 5 220 178.348 | 5 247 891.642 | 5 288 404.195 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 7.652 | 8.550 | 8.667 | 8.659 | 7.850 | 7.109 | 5.967 | 5.375 | 5.569 | 6.265 | 5.559 | 5.597 | 5.661 | 5.616 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 3.000 | 2.410 | 1.713 | 0.840 | 0.476 | 0.723 | 0.795 | 0.193 | -0.148 | -0.014 | 1.733 | 3.159 | 4.102 | 4.183 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |