External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -2.103 | -2.160 | -1.537 | -0.946 | -1.767 | -0.875 | -1.954 | -0.070 | 0.312 | -0.072 | -2.404 | -0.440 | -0.069 | -0.119 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 83 869 982 886.408 | 84 350 323 907.913 | 82 704 074 309.962 | 83 027 999 433.009 | 86 260 594 667.798 | 93 870 616 394.172 | 95 280 578 145.516 | 101 641 491 349.456 | 93 749 699 139.336 | 99 198 740 935.247 | 102 852 882 563.042 | 102 940 573 531.861 | 105 808 455 607.211 | 109 126 559 567.113 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 83 629 774 269.443 | 83 922 088 221.013 | 82 724 529 139.566 | 83 698 598 055.962 | 87 728 471 322.297 | 93 457 242 321.205 | 96 829 304 722.988 | 101 171 894 394.259 | 94 126 237 147.788 | 99 690 911 417.974 | 105 771 555 680.751 | 103 272 132 044.080 | 105 735 918 004.855 | 109 133 231 997.843 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 83 389 565 652.477 | 83 493 852 534.114 | 82 744 983 969.170 | 84 369 196 678.914 | 89 196 347 976.795 | 93 043 868 248.239 | 98 378 031 300.460 | 100 702 297 439.062 | 94 502 775 156.240 | 100 183 081 900.702 | 108 690 228 798.461 | 103 603 690 556.298 | 105 663 380 402.498 | 109 139 904 428.572 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 119.417 | 124.065 | 132.153 | 135.508 | 136.892 | 139.069 | 132.365 | 141.068 | 154.960 | 157.969 | 140.272 | 140.272 | 140.272 | 140.272 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 67.538 | 69.227 | 75.666 | 79.250 | 80.440 | 78.477 | 77.916 | 78.344 | 90.793 | 85.188 | 80.198 | 82.188 | 84.719 | 87.544 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -2.156 | -2.525 | -2.987 | -2.425 | -1.698 | -0.654 | -0.855 | -0.948 | -5.571 | -2.776 | -0.781 | -2.629 | -3.360 | -3.120 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.940 | -2.424 | -2.835 | -2.285 | -1.416 | -0.395 | -0.690 | -0.795 | -5.456 | -2.811 | -0.847 | -2.425 | -2.735 | -2.110 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 57.666 | 60.555 | 64.457 | 68.332 | 68.023 | 66.043 | 64.843 | 64.877 | 74.738 | 72.513 | 72.497 | 74.487 | 77.019 | 79.843 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.011 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.005 | -0.009 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.014 | -0.022 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 75 604 000 000.000 | 76 037 000 000.000 | 74 553 000 000.000 | 74 845 000 000.000 | 77 759 000 000.000 | 84 619 000 000.000 | 85 890 000 000.000 | 91 624 000 000.000 | 84 510 000 000.000 | 89 422 000 000.000 | 92 716 000 000.000 | 92 795 048 400.613 | 95 380 280 315.092 | 98 371 361 547.626 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 50 474 000 000.000 | 51 064 000 000.000 | 50 897 000 000.000 | 51 545 000 000.000 | 51 986 000 000.000 | 52 095 000 000.000 | 53 089 000 000.000 | 54 167 000 000.000 | 54 792 000 000.000 | 56 941 000 000.000 | 57 388 000 000.000 | 62 314 478 221.500 | 63 039 857 381.794 | 63 687 622 088.977 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 48 056 000 000.000 | 45 997 000 000.000 | 45 582 000 000.000 | 45 898 000 000.000 | 50 040 000 000.000 | 52 658 000 000.000 | 55 685 000 000.000 | 52 913 000 000.000 | 52 920 000 000.000 | 53 422 000 000.000 | 58 161 000 000.000 | 51 291 340 846.581 | 52 579 049 087.048 | 54 183 255 477.931 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 201 037 000 000.000 | 204 321 000 000.000 | 206 897 000 000.000 | 211 385 000 000.000 | 217 518 000 000.000 | 226 301 000 000.000 | 233 462 000 000.000 | 239 858 000 000.000 | 238 038 000 000.000 | 250 919 000 000.000 | 268 641 000 000.000 | 280 633 530 811.582 | 290 267 135 984.840 | 302 158 599 721.145 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 234 566 841 902.720 | 232 452 843 078.640 | 231 602 396 443.836 | 232 864 847 018.299 | 239 411 743 845.556 | 247 058 052 255.112 | 249 871 576 484.763 | 252 929 659 202.661 | 246 971 024 684.970 | 254 805 709 227.365 | 258 878 379 187.044 | 258 750 242 811.257 | 261 098 665 964.798 | 265 787 701 100.849 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 236 229 638 460.034 | 234 100 653 928.946 | 233 244 178 651.196 | 234 515 578 480.601 | 241 108 884 925.762 | 248 809 396 457.960 | 251 642 865 187.716 | 254 722 626 031.022 | 248 721 751 967.103 | 256 611 974 992.171 | 260 713 515 279.527 | 260 584 470 571.076 | 262 949 541 217.941 | 267 671 815 968.842 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 212 930 000 000.000 | 211 011 000 000.000 | 210 239 000 000.000 | 211 385 000 000.000 | 217 328 000 000.000 | 224 269 000 000.000 | 226 823 000 000.000 | 229 599 000 000.000 | 224 190 000 000.000 | 231 302 000 000.000 | 234 999 000 000.000 | 234 882 683 140.060 | 237 014 483 773.206 | 241 270 994 384.086 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 47 700 000 000.000 | 45 501 000 000.000 | 44 667 000 000.000 | 44 877 000 000.000 | 48 909 000 000.000 | 51 238 000 000.000 | 53 102 000 000.000 | 52 316 000 000.000 | 51 790 000 000.000 | 52 326 000 000.000 | 54 012 000 000.000 | 51 884 265 481.391 | 52 782 306 729.621 | 54 347 185 471.182 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 75 164 000 000.000 | 75 258 000 000.000 | 74 583 000 000.000 | 76 047 000 000.000 | 80 398 000 000.000 | 83 866 000 000.000 | 88 674 000 000.000 | 90 769 000 000.000 | 85 181 000 000.000 | 90 301 000 000.000 | 97 969 000 000.000 | 93 384 199 042.681 | 95 240 720 615.715 | 98 374 319 524.059 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.004 | 0.002 | -0.004 | -0.006 | -0.007 | 0.015 | -0.016 | 0.016 | -0.007 | -0.001 | -0.019 | 0.023 | 0.003 | -0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 113 232 000 000.000 | 112 639 000 000.000 | 113 323 000 000.000 | 115 144 000 000.000 | 117 941 000 000.000 | 118 835 000 000.000 | 120 868 000 000.000 | 121 753 000 000.000 | 117 173 000 000.000 | 121 227 000 000.000 | 123 274 000 000.000 | 122 674 057 674.000 | 122 959 858 749.609 | 125 095 108 504.286 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.235 | 0.573 | -1.952 | 0.392 | 3.893 | 8.822 | 1.502 | 6.676 | -7.764 | 5.812 | 3.684 | 0.085 | 2.786 | 3.136 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.562 | 1.169 | -0.327 | 1.273 | 0.856 | 0.210 | 1.908 | 2.031 | 1.154 | 3.922 | 0.785 | 8.585 | 1.164 | 1.028 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.974 | 2.558 | 1.633 | 1.615 | 0.087 | 0.818 | 2.003 | 1.497 | 1.636 | 2.170 | 5.379 | 4.516 | 2.502 | 2.260 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | 1.535 | 1.634 | 1.261 | 2.169 | 2.901 | 4.038 | 3.164 | 2.740 | -0.759 | 5.411 | 7.063 | 4.464 | 3.433 | 4.097 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -1.398 | -0.901 | -0.366 | 0.545 | 2.811 | 3.194 | 1.139 | 1.224 | -2.356 | 3.172 | 1.598 | -0.049 | 0.908 | 1.796 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.282 | -4.610 | -1.833 | 0.470 | 8.985 | 4.762 | 3.638 | -1.480 | -1.005 | 1.035 | 3.222 | -3.939 | 1.731 | 2.965 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.119 | 1.825 | 1.563 | 0.770 | 1.118 | 0.566 | 0.277 | 0.700 | 0.460 | 1.181 | 3.590 | 4.240 | 2.773 | 2.269 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.162 | 2.216 | 1.209 | -0.156 | 0.389 | 0.839 | 1.169 | 1.137 | 0.383 | 2.066 | 7.172 | 4.530 | 2.202 | 2.256 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.125 | 0.125 | -0.897 | 1.963 | 5.721 | 4.314 | 5.733 | 2.363 | -6.156 | 6.011 | 8.492 | -4.680 | 1.988 | 3.290 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.386 | -0.524 | 0.607 | 1.607 | 2.429 | 0.758 | 1.711 | 0.732 | -3.762 | 3.460 | 1.689 | -0.487 | 0.233 | 1.737 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 109 091 000 000.000 | 111 852 000 000.000 | 112 945 000 000.000 | 114 774 000 000.000 | 116 796 000 000.000 | 119 406 000 000.000 | 123 111 000 000.000 | 126 726 000 000.000 | 127 863 000 000.000 | 132 166 000 000.000 | 137 282 000 000.016 | 144 933 338 537.677 | 151 416 129 947.060 | 156 603 124 667.853 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.968 | 0.990 | 1.002 | 1.000 | 1.004 | 1.012 | 1.024 | 1.036 | 1.040 | 1.061 | 1.137 | 1.189 | 1.215 | 1.242 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.960 | 0.977 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 1.011 | 1.017 | 1.020 | 1.027 | 1.032 | 1.044 | 1.081 | 1.127 | 1.158 | 1.185 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.032 | 1.022 | 1.012 | 1.000 | 0.974 | 1.004 | 1.046 | 1.044 | 1.008 | 1.107 | 1.313 | 1.258 | 1.264 | 1.280 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.944 | 0.968 | 0.984 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.009 | 1.029 | 1.045 | 1.062 | 1.085 | 1.143 | 1.195 | 1.225 | 1.252 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.080 | 1.061 | 1.044 | 1.000 | 0.976 | 1.012 | 1.046 | 1.050 | 0.998 | 1.095 | 1.308 | 1.261 | 1.262 | 1.278 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.908 | 0.905 | 0.907 | 0.908 | 0.881 | 0.864 | 0.854 | 0.838 | 0.823 | 0.827 | 0.813 | 0.822 | 0.822 | 0.822 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 2 657 833.333 | 2 646 500.000 | 2 650 083.333 | 2 652 333.333 | 2 651 416.667 | 2 672 000.000 | 2 707 500.000 | 2 716 416.667 | 2 704 750.000 | 2 763 500.000 | 2 809 250.000 | 2 839 970.735 | 2 855 794.530 | 2 863 635.651 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 2 449 666.667 | 2 426 583.333 | 2 418 000.000 | 2 401 500.000 | 2 414 750.000 | 2 438 500.000 | 2 507 083.333 | 2 533 500.000 | 2 494 833.333 | 2 552 583.333 | 2 618 250.000 | 2 636 185.836 | 2 644 333.450 | 2 659 903.776 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 7.832 | 8.310 | 8.758 | 9.457 | 8.926 | 8.739 | 7.402 | 6.734 | 7.761 | 7.632 | 6.799 | 7.176 | 7.405 | 7.114 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 1.883 | 1.861 | 1.448 | 0.723 | 0.365 | 0.547 | 0.662 | 0.070 | -0.219 | -0.095 | 1.655 | 3.108 | 4.051 | 4.132 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |