External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.619 | -1.509 | -1.072 | -1.154 | -2.100 | -2.378 | -3.270 | -1.629 | -5.064 | -6.744 | -9.678 | -9.547 | -8.653 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.923 | 0.921 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.084 | 1.086 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 54 336 600 430.558 | 55 307 849 950.290 | 59 869 271 777.905 | 62 873 565 248.341 | 62 612 915 742.817 | 67 942 193 925.572 | 74 136 863 974.475 | 77 758 771 386.054 | 61 005 410 682.570 | 74 389 080 375.520 | 77 713 335 645.086 | 77 587 594 454.064 | 80 821 632 932.423 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 56 360 209 965.553 | 55 830 676 713.714 | 60 012 208 170.836 | 63 875 677 799.325 | 64 444 706 314.177 | 69 553 003 899.710 | 75 532 251 401.726 | 78 517 097 724.429 | 67 115 804 648.846 | 79 689 918 970.591 | 85 675 324 950.609 | 88 756 428 079.683 | 92 050 998 044.349 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 58 383 819 500.548 | 56 353 503 477.137 | 60 155 144 563.766 | 64 877 790 350.308 | 66 276 496 885.538 | 71 163 813 873.847 | 76 927 638 828.978 | 79 275 424 062.804 | 73 226 198 615.122 | 84 990 757 565.662 | 93 637 314 256.132 | 99 925 261 705.302 | 103 280 363 156.275 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 64.335 | 61.525 | 51.684 | 42.771 | 45.222 | 46.729 | 55.752 | 57.083 | 60.901 | 57.676 | 54.210 | 54.210 | 54.210 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 169.166 | 185.178 | 186.742 | 186.411 | 191.364 | 195.194 | 201.444 | 204.991 | 242.318 | 225.726 | 191.356 | 184.128 | 178.616 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -9.099 | -13.374 | -3.689 | -5.855 | 0.185 | 0.573 | 0.933 | 0.884 | -9.705 | -7.096 | -2.265 | -1.486 | -1.261 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -4.442 | -9.780 | -0.085 | -2.606 | 3.112 | 3.411 | 4.037 | 3.629 | -6.972 | -4.819 | -0.082 | 0.744 | 1.009 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 161.951 | 178.169 | 180.341 | 176.748 | 180.529 | 179.466 | 186.414 | 180.706 | 206.396 | 193.343 | 170.677 | 163.448 | 157.937 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.005 | -0.016 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.014 | -0.009 | 0.019 | 0.022 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 48 968 700 000.000 | 49 844 000 000.000 | 53 954 800 000.000 | 56 662 300 000.000 | 56 427 400 000.000 | 61 230 200 000.000 | 66 812 900 000.000 | 70 077 000 000.000 | 54 978 700 000.000 | 67 040 200 000.000 | 70 036 052 845.576 | 69 922 733 598.291 | 72 837 282 148.998 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 38 338 300 000.000 | 35 902 500 000.000 | 35 456 400 000.000 | 36 419 300 000.000 | 36 379 600 000.000 | 35 989 300 000.000 | 34 746 900 000.000 | 35 321 000 000.000 | 36 248 200 000.000 | 37 603 600 000.000 | 37 254 008 213.733 | 37 088 469 027.478 | 37 386 198 559.385 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 20 169 600 000.000 | 19 548 000 000.000 | 20 394 300 000.000 | 21 300 000 000.000 | 22 710 200 000.000 | 21 590 100 000.000 | 23 268 700 000.000 | 22 534 800 000.000 | 24 914 500 000.000 | 27 220 900 000.000 | 32 373 055 441.027 | 37 583 791 879.582 | 38 623 314 725.997 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 188 380 600 000.000 | 179 884 400 000.000 | 177 236 000 000.000 | 176 368 900 000.000 | 174 494 200 000.000 | 176 903 400 000.000 | 179 557 700 000.000 | 183 250 400 000.000 | 165 326 400 000.000 | 182 830 200 000.000 | 208 731 202 932.587 | 222 895 149 160.218 | 235 154 117 717.425 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 296 224 621 482.673 | 288 771 637 721.095 | 290 145 398 325.882 | 289 576 487 067.894 | 288 165 619 985.673 | 291 312 938 861.396 | 296 173 230 653.307 | 301 514 921 524.128 | 274 320 963 392.284 | 297 188 568 956.165 | 315 453 888 956.998 | 322 311 353 127.165 | 328 499 314 484.280 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 200 166 427 717.480 | 195 130 259 123.781 | 196 058 543 718.839 | 195 674 116 071.908 | 194 720 757 696.703 | 196 847 480 226.006 | 200 131 701 641.437 | 203 741 216 523.190 | 185 365 574 999.859 | 200 817 791 271.632 | 213 160 127 426.486 | 217 793 888 453.076 | 221 975 249 588.784 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 180 418 000 000.000 | 175 878 700 000.000 | 176 715 400 000.000 | 176 368 900 000.000 | 175 509 600 000.000 | 177 426 500 000.000 | 180 386 700 000.000 | 183 640 100 000.000 | 167 077 400 000.000 | 181 005 100 000.000 | 192 129 740 779.069 | 196 306 334 758.532 | 200 075 162 638.335 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 20 978 200 000.000 | 19 589 200 000.000 | 18 963 600 000.000 | 18 995 000 000.000 | 19 437 400 000.000 | 21 081 400 000.000 | 20 165 900 000.000 | 19 502 400 000.000 | 19 444 100 000.000 | 23 257 200 000.000 | 25 976 806 673.564 | 28 288 533 674.801 | 29 526 182 613.500 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 52 614 900 000.000 | 50 785 200 000.000 | 54 211 200 000.000 | 58 467 200 000.000 | 59 727 700 000.000 | 64 132 100 000.000 | 69 326 400 000.000 | 71 442 200 000.000 | 65 990 700 000.000 | 76 592 800 000.000 | 84 384 988 306.713 | 90 051 622 128.781 | 93 075 205 183.863 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.022 | 0.017 | 0.003 | -0.010 | -0.008 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.006 | -0.055 | 0.007 | -0.031 | -0.040 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 125 284 200 000.000 | 120 999 800 000.000 | 120 876 200 000.000 | 120 454 400 000.000 | 119 720 100 000.000 | 122 708 200 000.000 | 124 854 400 000.000 | 127 095 500 000.000 | 117 117 900 000.000 | 126 241 400 000.000 | 136 392 337 078.797 | 138 751 237 635.671 | 140 922 769 319.640 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.963 | 1.787 | 8.247 | 5.018 | -0.415 | 8.511 | 9.118 | 4.885 | -21.545 | 21.938 | 4.469 | -0.162 | 4.168 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -4.866 | -6.353 | -1.243 | 2.716 | -0.109 | -1.073 | -3.452 | 1.652 | 2.625 | 3.739 | -0.930 | -0.444 | 0.803 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.275 | -2.046 | -1.939 | -0.294 | -0.579 | 0.285 | -0.165 | 0.249 | -0.838 | 2.078 | 7.556 | 4.514 | 3.513 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -7.342 | -4.510 | -1.472 | -0.489 | -1.063 | 1.381 | 1.500 | 2.057 | -9.781 | 10.587 | 14.167 | 6.786 | 5.500 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -7.087 | -2.516 | 0.476 | -0.196 | -0.487 | 1.092 | 1.668 | 1.804 | -9.019 | 8.336 | 6.146 | 2.174 | 1.920 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -21.685 | -6.621 | -3.194 | 0.166 | 2.329 | 8.458 | -4.343 | -3.290 | -0.299 | 19.611 | 11.694 | 8.899 | 4.375 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.328 | -2.401 | -1.490 | -0.396 | 0.609 | 0.288 | 0.331 | 0.825 | -1.176 | -1.086 | 4.595 | 5.503 | 3.296 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.035 | -0.854 | -1.394 | -1.094 | 0.013 | 1.138 | 0.774 | 0.517 | -1.262 | 0.574 | 9.300 | 3.894 | 3.162 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | -5.511 | -3.478 | 6.746 | 7.851 | 2.156 | 7.374 | 8.099 | 3.052 | -7.631 | 16.066 | 10.174 | 6.715 | 3.358 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -7.570 | -3.420 | -0.102 | -0.349 | -0.610 | 2.496 | 1.749 | 1.795 | -7.850 | 7.790 | 8.041 | 1.729 | 1.565 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 1.034 | 1.025 | 1.011 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.012 | 1.019 | 1.025 | 1.012 | 1.017 | 1.112 | 1.155 | 1.192 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 1.044 | 1.019 | 1.004 | 1.000 | 1.006 | 1.009 | 1.012 | 1.021 | 1.009 | 0.998 | 1.044 | 1.101 | 1.137 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.106 | 1.090 | 1.067 | 1.000 | 0.968 | 1.012 | 1.048 | 1.049 | 0.962 | 1.108 | 1.448 | 1.531 | 1.570 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 1.044 | 1.023 | 1.003 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 0.990 | 1.010 | 1.086 | 1.135 | 1.175 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.193 | 1.157 | 1.113 | 1.000 | 0.956 | 1.008 | 1.066 | 1.074 | 0.992 | 1.159 | 1.442 | 1.435 | 1.457 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.685 | 0.631 | 0.611 | 0.609 | 0.589 | 0.575 | 0.565 | 0.549 | 0.544 | 0.546 | 0.528 | 0.519 | 0.526 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 4 890 075.000 | 4 843 550.000 | 4 810 675.000 | 4 807 625.000 | 4 804 506.835 | 4 779 725.000 | 4 743 050.000 | 4 729 900.000 | 4 630 450.000 | 4 605 675.000 | 4 728 800.000 | 4 714 923.565 | 4 722 471.970 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 3 694 975.000 | 3 513 200.000 | 3 536 250.000 | 3 610 675.000 | 3 673 560.902 | 3 752 675.000 | 3 828 025.000 | 3 911 025.000 | 3 875 475.000 | 3 928 000.000 | 4 140 600.000 | 4 188 895.459 | 4 230 094.146 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 24.439 | 27.466 | 26.492 | 24.897 | 23.539 | 21.488 | 19.292 | 17.313 | 16.305 | 14.714 | 12.439 | 11.157 | 10.426 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 22.498 | 10.054 | 6.929 | 9.644 | 8.360 | 5.978 | 4.185 | 2.586 | 1.272 | 0.884 | 3.487 | 4.320 | 4.500 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.206 | 3.405 |