External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.619 | -1.509 | -1.072 | -1.154 | -2.100 | -2.378 | -3.270 | -1.629 | -5.064 | -6.744 | -10.193 | -6.596 | -6.655 | -4.666 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 54 336 536 795.845 | 55 307 785 178.126 | 59 869 201 663.766 | 62 873 491 615.812 | 62 612 842 415.540 | 67 942 114 357.068 | 74 136 777 151.264 | 77 758 680 321.153 | 61 005 339 237.875 | 74 388 993 256.934 | 77 713 218 712.992 | 80 135 141 315.073 | 80 885 728 504.065 | 83 527 112 340.812 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 56 359 871 298.767 | 55 830 348 148.990 | 60 011 856 954.736 | 63 875 300 003.092 | 64 444 321 319.350 | 69 552 590 097.864 | 75 531 803 679.436 | 78 516 635 541.975 | 67 115 384 069.574 | 79 689 428 723.060 | 85 613 177 546.307 | 87 150 749 494.542 | 88 459 295 278.831 | 90 922 537 546.533 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 58 383 205 801.690 | 56 352 911 119.853 | 60 154 512 245.705 | 64 877 108 390.371 | 66 275 800 223.161 | 71 163 065 838.661 | 76 926 830 207.608 | 79 274 590 762.797 | 73 225 428 901.272 | 84 989 864 189.187 | 93 513 136 379.623 | 94 166 357 674.012 | 96 032 862 053.597 | 98 317 962 752.254 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 64.247 | 61.344 | 51.459 | 42.544 | 45.036 | 46.755 | 55.792 | 57.120 | 60.960 | 57.904 | 54.485 | 54.485 | 54.485 | 54.485 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 169.174 | 185.196 | 186.765 | 186.434 | 191.383 | 195.214 | 201.488 | 205.054 | 242.391 | 225.812 | 191.711 | 183.577 | 177.731 | 173.140 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -9.189 | -13.463 | -3.731 | -5.854 | 0.233 | 0.786 | 0.923 | 0.859 | -9.707 | -6.926 | -2.345 | -2.136 | -1.389 | -0.964 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -4.532 | -9.869 | -0.127 | -2.605 | 3.161 | 3.625 | 4.027 | 3.604 | -6.974 | -4.658 | -0.060 | 1.074 | 1.634 | 2.102 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 161.951 | 178.169 | 180.341 | 176.748 | 180.529 | 179.466 | 186.414 | 180.706 | 206.614 | 193.539 | 170.957 | 162.823 | 156.978 | 152.386 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.005 | -0.016 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.014 | -0.009 | 0.019 | -0.017 | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 48 968 700 000.000 | 49 844 000 000.000 | 53 954 800 000.000 | 56 662 300 000.000 | 56 427 400 000.000 | 61 230 200 000.000 | 66 812 900 000.000 | 70 077 000 000.000 | 54 978 700 000.000 | 67 040 200 000.000 | 70 036 029 485.815 | 72 218 693 459.600 | 72 895 131 102.648 | 75 275 576 017.136 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 38 338 300 000.000 | 35 902 500 000.000 | 35 456 400 000.000 | 36 419 300 000.000 | 36 379 600 000.000 | 35 989 300 000.000 | 34 746 900 000.000 | 35 321 000 000.000 | 36 248 200 000.000 | 37 603 600 000.000 | 37 264 424 189.088 | 37 449 950 544.147 | 37 466 901 672.721 | 37 752 487 345.060 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 20 169 600 000.000 | 19 548 000 000.000 | 20 394 300 000.000 | 21 300 000 000.000 | 22 710 200 000.000 | 21 590 100 000.000 | 23 268 700 000.000 | 22 534 800 000.000 | 24 914 500 000.000 | 27 220 900 000.000 | 32 398 190 427.785 | 31 013 629 345.800 | 33 914 560 310.636 | 35 464 429 874.561 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 188 380 600 000.000 | 179 884 400 000.000 | 177 236 000 000.000 | 176 368 900 000.000 | 174 494 200 000.000 | 176 903 400 000.000 | 179 557 700 000.000 | 183 250 400 000.000 | 165 326 400 000.000 | 182 830 200 000.000 | 208 588 943 026.006 | 225 462 483 596.213 | 238 847 234 311.996 | 250 121 252 123.180 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 296 222 654 499.993 | 288 769 720 227.516 | 290 143 471 710.295 | 289 574 564 229.976 | 288 163 706 516.156 | 291 311 004 493.138 | 296 171 264 011.872 | 301 512 919 412.941 | 274 319 141 853.679 | 297 186 595 572.707 | 315 060 613 750.742 | 322 483 554 689.987 | 329 063 710 218.298 | 336 856 223 503.367 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 200 165 098 577.808 | 195 128 963 425.139 | 196 057 241 856.227 | 195 672 816 761.961 | 194 719 464 717.221 | 196 846 173 124.718 | 200 130 372 732.352 | 203 739 863 646.302 | 185 364 344 140.406 | 200 816 457 806.793 | 212 894 381 477.509 | 217 910 249 380.486 | 222 356 625 982.590 | 227 622 223 215.548 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 180 418 000 000.000 | 175 878 700 000.000 | 176 715 400 000.000 | 176 368 900 000.000 | 175 509 600 000.000 | 177 426 500 000.000 | 180 386 700 000.000 | 183 640 100 000.000 | 167 077 400 000.000 | 181 005 100 000.000 | 191 891 487 528.625 | 196 412 519 725.292 | 200 420 243 247.015 | 205 166 367 962.691 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 20 978 200 000.000 | 19 589 200 000.000 | 18 963 600 000.000 | 18 995 000 000.000 | 19 437 400 000.000 | 21 081 400 000.000 | 20 165 900 000.000 | 19 502 400 000.000 | 19 444 100 000.000 | 23 257 200 000.000 | 25 982 500 995.836 | 27 636 817 457.536 | 29 083 610 871.403 | 30 899 412 820.133 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 52 614 900 000.000 | 50 785 200 000.000 | 54 211 200 000.000 | 58 467 200 000.000 | 59 727 700 000.000 | 64 132 100 000.000 | 69 326 400 000.000 | 71 442 200 000.000 | 65 990 700 000.000 | 76 592 800 000.000 | 84 273 966 318.544 | 84 862 648 844.798 | 86 544 741 150.846 | 88 604 072 136.510 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.022 | 0.017 | 0.003 | -0.010 | -0.008 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.006 | -0.055 | 0.007 | -0.031 | 0.011 | -0.005 | 0.003 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 125 284 200 000.000 | 120 999 800 000.000 | 120 876 200 000.000 | 120 454 400 000.000 | 119 720 100 000.000 | 122 708 200 000.000 | 124 854 400 000.000 | 127 095 500 000.000 | 117 117 900 000.000 | 126 241 400 000.000 | 136 351 480 387.878 | 140 523 941 695.989 | 142 453 077 304.126 | 144 782 576 319.589 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.963 | 1.787 | 8.247 | 5.018 | -0.415 | 8.511 | 9.118 | 4.885 | -21.545 | 21.938 | 4.469 | 3.116 | 0.937 | 3.266 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -4.866 | -6.353 | -1.243 | 2.716 | -0.109 | -1.073 | -3.452 | 1.652 | 2.625 | 3.739 | -0.902 | 0.498 | 0.045 | 0.762 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.275 | -2.046 | -1.939 | -0.294 | -0.579 | 0.285 | -0.165 | 0.249 | -0.838 | 2.078 | 7.616 | 5.601 | 3.818 | 2.298 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -7.342 | -4.510 | -1.472 | -0.489 | -1.063 | 1.381 | 1.500 | 2.057 | -9.781 | 10.587 | 14.089 | 8.089 | 5.937 | 4.720 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -7.087 | -2.516 | 0.476 | -0.196 | -0.487 | 1.092 | 1.668 | 1.804 | -9.019 | 8.336 | 6.014 | 2.356 | 2.040 | 2.368 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -21.685 | -6.621 | -3.194 | 0.166 | 2.329 | 8.458 | -4.343 | -3.290 | -0.299 | 19.611 | 11.718 | 6.367 | 5.235 | 6.243 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.328 | -2.401 | -1.490 | -0.396 | 0.609 | 0.288 | 0.331 | 0.825 | -1.176 | -1.086 | 4.595 | 5.650 | 3.227 | 2.472 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.035 | -0.854 | -1.394 | -1.094 | 0.013 | 1.138 | 0.774 | 0.517 | -1.262 | 0.574 | 9.300 | 4.254 | 2.845 | 2.381 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | -5.511 | -3.478 | 6.746 | 7.851 | 2.156 | 7.374 | 8.099 | 3.052 | -7.631 | 16.066 | 10.029 | 0.699 | 1.982 | 2.379 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -7.570 | -3.420 | -0.102 | -0.349 | -0.610 | 2.496 | 1.749 | 1.795 | -7.850 | 7.790 | 8.009 | 3.060 | 1.373 | 1.635 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 1.034 | 1.025 | 1.011 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.012 | 1.019 | 1.025 | 1.012 | 1.017 | 1.112 | 1.159 | 1.192 | 1.221 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 1.044 | 1.019 | 1.004 | 1.000 | 1.006 | 1.009 | 1.012 | 1.021 | 1.009 | 0.998 | 1.044 | 1.103 | 1.138 | 1.166 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.106 | 1.090 | 1.067 | 1.000 | 0.968 | 1.012 | 1.048 | 1.049 | 0.962 | 1.108 | 1.448 | 1.365 | 1.383 | 1.396 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 1.044 | 1.023 | 1.003 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 0.998 | 0.990 | 1.010 | 1.087 | 1.148 | 1.192 | 1.219 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.193 | 1.157 | 1.113 | 1.000 | 0.956 | 1.008 | 1.066 | 1.074 | 0.992 | 1.159 | 1.444 | 1.286 | 1.293 | 1.300 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.685 | 0.631 | 0.611 | 0.609 | 0.589 | 0.575 | 0.565 | 0.549 | 0.544 | 0.546 | 0.534 | 0.537 | 0.547 | 0.549 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 4 890 075.000 | 4 843 550.000 | 4 810 675.000 | 4 807 625.000 | 4 804 506.835 | 4 779 725.000 | 4 743 050.000 | 4 729 900.000 | 4 630 450.000 | 4 605 675.000 | 4 728 800.000 | 4 746 837.416 | 4 765 926.063 | 4 780 001.853 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 3 694 975.000 | 3 513 200.000 | 3 536 250.000 | 3 610 675.000 | 3 673 560.902 | 3 752 675.000 | 3 828 025.000 | 3 911 025.000 | 3 875 475.000 | 3 928 000.000 | 4 140 600.000 | 4 227 314.620 | 4 289 078.141 | 4 306 796.943 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 24.439 | 27.466 | 26.492 | 24.897 | 23.539 | 21.488 | 19.292 | 17.313 | 16.305 | 14.714 | 12.439 | 10.945 | 10.005 | 9.900 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 22.498 | 10.054 | 6.929 | 9.644 | 8.360 | 5.978 | 4.185 | 2.586 | 1.272 | 0.884 | 3.487 | 4.053 | 4.700 | 4.781 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |