External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -0.231 | 1.145 | 1.908 | 1.447 | 2.646 | 2.655 | 2.606 | 3.261 | 3.887 | 2.424 | -1.465 | -0.161 | 0.324 | 0.762 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 508 471 506 762.153 | 511 460 183 311.824 | 523 410 119 165.607 | 544 965 532 761.660 | 555 995 568 617.304 | 589 379 329 741.288 | 598 464 174 259.815 | 609 530 708 800.866 | 522 596 608 952.588 | 595 767 265 316.886 | 659 714 293 407.511 | 662 183 762 826.274 | 671 067 450 284.651 | 684 589 795 361.029 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 483 223 959 316.347 | 478 657 190 633.554 | 492 057 577 615.368 | 517 327 224 402.910 | 533 105 230 852.008 | 566 495 581 454.589 | 578 717 258 595.456 | 582 778 766 217.052 | 504 069 917 836.790 | 577 588 303 329.886 | 646 165 820 026.210 | 650 655 266 169.511 | 657 891 931 562.465 | 668 521 402 577.698 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 457 976 411 870.541 | 445 854 197 955.283 | 460 705 036 065.128 | 489 688 916 044.160 | 510 214 893 086.712 | 543 611 833 167.890 | 558 970 342 931.097 | 556 026 823 633.240 | 485 543 226 720.992 | 559 409 341 342.887 | 632 617 346 644.908 | 639 126 769 512.749 | 644 716 412 840.279 | 652 453 009 794.366 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 26.806 | 28.003 | 29.199 | 28.500 | 28.766 | 28.599 | 28.306 | 29.034 | 32.708 | 30.753 | 28.070 | 28.070 | 28.070 | 28.070 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 137.543 | 145.047 | 158.071 | 158.957 | 156.248 | 153.235 | 148.137 | 155.719 | 185.260 | 172.912 | 148.474 | 148.226 | 148.282 | 147.386 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -2.945 | -2.855 | -2.952 | -2.554 | -2.402 | -2.416 | -2.165 | -1.503 | -9.607 | -8.784 | -8.033 | -5.365 | -4.245 | -3.619 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 2.031 | 1.783 | 1.431 | 1.383 | 1.336 | 1.174 | 1.299 | 1.662 | -6.338 | -5.477 | -3.963 | -1.748 | -0.289 | 0.407 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 126.490 | 132.483 | 135.268 | 135.379 | 134.705 | 133.983 | 134.462 | 134.172 | 155.049 | 147.216 | 141.603 | 141.355 | 141.412 | 140.516 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.012 | 0.001 | 0.007 | -0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.000 | -0.005 | -0.005 | 0.010 | -0.006 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 458 337 400 000.000 | 461 031 400 000.000 | 471 803 100 000.000 | 491 233 200 000.000 | 501 175 700 000.000 | 531 267 900 000.000 | 539 457 000 000.000 | 549 432 400 000.000 | 471 069 800 000.000 | 537 026 000 000.000 | 594 668 000 000.000 | 596 893 985 483.400 | 604 901 762 041.055 | 617 090 835 375.127 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 323 823 900 000.000 | 320 117 300 000.000 | 318 108 100 000.000 | 316 344 000 000.000 | 318 449 300 000.000 | 318 281 600 000.000 | 318 514 700 000.000 | 316 617 200 000.000 | 316 833 700 000.000 | 321 561 000 000.000 | 323 860 100 000.000 | 323 203 336 945.381 | 321 920 586 798.154 | 321 276 745 624.558 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 293 331 054 116.032 | 276 323 111 012.661 | 281 357 966 128.843 | 281 855 000 000.000 | 299 380 517 655.626 | 313 125 784 106.049 | 321 728 340 096.090 | 316 977 043 844.245 | 283 903 221 648.295 | 359 555 571 239.612 | 383 432 783 673.839 | 388 437 707 749.994 | 391 555 578 359.723 | 398 405 684 959.072 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 1 624 444 000 000.000 | 1 612 457 200 000.000 | 1 628 612 200 000.000 | 1 654 178 800 000.000 | 1 696 828 500 000.000 | 1 738 976 200 000.000 | 1 771 242 200 000.000 | 1 796 443 400 000.000 | 1 659 824 600 000.000 | 1 820 384 300 000.000 | 1 947 376 800 000.000 | 2 042 601 496 178.960 | 2 116 386 619 478.770 | 2 198 973 273 633.020 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 2 265 519 427 202.810 | 2 223 281 667 762.120 | 2 225 234 418 402.100 | 2 239 305 729 686.200 | 2 271 280 616 924.570 | 2 310 958 479 339.110 | 2 328 960 741 963.510 | 2 340 143 471 399.710 | 2 128 590 250 991.910 | 2 305 068 550 216.410 | 2 394 637 465 481.100 | 2 410 325 018 397.470 | 2 426 170 197 578.820 | 2 455 891 214 004.330 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 1 856 670 213 143.930 | 1 822 054 932 920.850 | 1 823 655 278 476.670 | 1 835 187 196 591.060 | 1 861 391 704 039.230 | 1 893 909 061 596.070 | 1 908 662 528 012.020 | 1 917 827 155 071.280 | 1 744 452 096 747.110 | 1 889 082 064 383.710 | 1 962 486 836 374.960 | 1 975 343 319 469.830 | 1 988 328 982 649.180 | 2 012 686 366 319.800 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 1 673 542 800 000.000 | 1 642 341 700 000.000 | 1 643 784 200 000.000 | 1 654 178 700 000.000 | 1 677 798 600 000.000 | 1 707 108 700 000.000 | 1 720 407 000 000.000 | 1 728 667 700 000.000 | 1 572 393 000 000.000 | 1 702 757 800 000.000 | 1 768 922 500 000.000 | 1 780 510 920 261.410 | 1 792 215 779 295.160 | 1 814 170 741 345.090 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 301 118 400 000.000 | 281 759 200 000.000 | 275 959 300 000.000 | 280 018 000 000.000 | 291 826 600 000.000 | 301 808 700 000.000 | 310 270 000 000.000 | 314 017 000 000.000 | 288 772 000 000.000 | 348 547 300 000.000 | 383 626 000 000.000 | 386 574 500 000.000 | 388 359 452 252.548 | 394 610 585 515.445 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 412 806 200 000.000 | 401 879 600 000.000 | 415 265 700 000.000 | 441 390 900 000.000 | 459 892 400 000.000 | 489 995 400 000.000 | 503 839 100 000.000 | 501 185 900 000.000 | 437 654 100 000.000 | 504 234 800 000.000 | 570 222 300 000.000 | 576 089 698 513.586 | 581 128 035 339.643 | 588 101 571 763.722 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.028 | 0.009 | -0.002 | -0.005 | -0.005 | 0.001 | -0.003 | 0.007 | -0.009 | 0.002 | -0.005 | -0.003 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 1 010 757 600 000.000 | 986 176 400 000.000 | 987 669 200 000.000 | 1 006 137 600 000.000 | 1 018 397 800 000.000 | 1 033 857 700 000.000 | 1 043 885 600 000.000 | 1 046 096 900 000.000 | 937 089 600 000.000 | 986 332 300 000.000 | 1 035 961 400 000.000 | 1 048 458 485 532.030 | 1 055 316 034 266.930 | 1 065 908 834 959.350 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.738 | 0.588 | 2.336 | 4.118 | 2.024 | 6.004 | 1.541 | 1.849 | -14.262 | 14.001 | 10.734 | 0.374 | 1.342 | 2.015 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -1.839 | -1.145 | -0.628 | -0.555 | 0.666 | -0.053 | 0.073 | -0.596 | 0.068 | 1.492 | 0.715 | -0.203 | -0.397 | -0.200 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.547 | 1.148 | 0.913 | 0.932 | 1.134 | 0.724 | 1.068 | 0.938 | 1.578 | 1.277 | 2.975 | 4.207 | 2.936 | 2.645 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -1.517 | -0.738 | 1.002 | 1.570 | 2.578 | 2.484 | 1.855 | 1.423 | -7.605 | 9.673 | 6.976 | 4.890 | 3.612 | 3.902 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -3.018 | -1.864 | 0.088 | 0.632 | 1.428 | 1.747 | 0.779 | 0.480 | -9.040 | 8.291 | 3.886 | 0.655 | 0.657 | 1.225 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -9.887 | -6.429 | -2.058 | 1.471 | 4.217 | 3.421 | 2.804 | 1.208 | -8.039 | 20.700 | 10.064 | 0.769 | 0.462 | 1.610 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.025 | 1.249 | 0.701 | 0.722 | 0.542 | 0.796 | 0.600 | 0.523 | 0.472 | 0.785 | 3.292 | 4.647 | 3.126 | 2.458 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.315 | 1.245 | 0.234 | 0.108 | -0.050 | 1.326 | 1.243 | 0.634 | -0.145 | 1.941 | 8.736 | 6.117 | 2.601 | 2.293 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | -8.237 | -2.647 | 3.331 | 6.291 | 4.192 | 6.546 | 2.825 | -0.527 | -12.676 | 15.213 | 13.087 | 1.029 | 0.875 | 1.200 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -3.719 | -2.432 | 0.151 | 1.870 | 1.219 | 1.518 | 0.970 | 0.212 | -10.420 | 5.255 | 5.032 | 1.206 | 0.654 | 1.004 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 1 007 505 200 000.000 | 1 012 488 400 000.000 | 1 019 409 100 000.000 | 1 031 949 000 000.000 | 1 045 671 900 000.000 | 1 067 656 800 000.000 | 1 086 818 800 000.000 | 1 094 358 700 000.000 | 1 067 556 400 000.000 | 1 116 363 800 000.000 | 1 176 731 800 000.000 | 1 240 513 320 882.730 | 1 297 175 025 691.780 | 1 351 620 679 463.510 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.984 | 0.997 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 1.013 | 1.025 | 1.032 | 1.030 | 1.050 | 1.142 | 1.212 | 1.243 | 1.272 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.974 | 0.986 | 0.993 | 1.000 | 1.005 | 1.013 | 1.019 | 1.025 | 1.030 | 1.038 | 1.072 | 1.122 | 1.157 | 1.185 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.006 | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.000 | 0.993 | 1.010 | 1.029 | 1.036 | 1.031 | 1.082 | 1.201 | 1.232 | 1.256 | 1.283 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.971 | 0.982 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 1.011 | 1.019 | 1.030 | 1.039 | 1.056 | 1.069 | 1.101 | 1.147 | 1.181 | 1.212 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.074 | 1.054 | 1.027 | 1.000 | 0.961 | 0.993 | 1.017 | 1.015 | 0.976 | 1.073 | 1.304 | 1.238 | 1.249 | 1.274 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.748 | 0.737 | 0.740 | 0.739 | 0.701 | 0.690 | 0.681 | 0.657 | 0.648 | 0.648 | 0.625 | 0.635 | 0.637 | 0.640 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 25 002 342.417 | 24 934 274.167 | 25 125 227.083 | 25 137 664.417 | 25 409 446.083 | 25 616 053.000 | 25 666 967.000 | 25 625 761.500 | 24 677 467.917 | 24 919 814.333 | 25 150 658.333 | 25 465 430.810 | 25 720 085.118 | 25 977 285.970 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 22 282 104.083 | 21 861 549.500 | 21 921 481.000 | 22 124 287.667 | 22 442 370.500 | 22 729 205.083 | 22 950 453.000 | 23 096 490.917 | 22 375 723.583 | 22 555 435.917 | 23 113 912.000 | 23 530 715.857 | 23 718 961.584 | 24 003 589.123 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 10.880 | 12.323 | 12.751 | 11.987 | 11.677 | 11.270 | 10.584 | 9.870 | 9.327 | 9.488 | 8.098 | 7.597 | 7.780 | 7.598 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 5.493 | 4.316 | 2.893 | 1.714 | 1.487 | 2.113 | 2.610 | 1.951 | 1.168 | 0.811 | 3.157 | 4.389 | 5.473 | 5.554 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |