External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 1.009 | 0.888 | 0.784 | 3.076 | 3.843 | 4.168 | 3.509 | 3.376 | 2.934 | 3.890 | 1.798 | 3.406 | 3.821 | 3.981 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Yen |  | 79.814 | 97.598 | 105.848 | 121.002 | 108.803 | 112.183 | 110.438 | 109.046 | 106.762 | 109.765 | 131.428 | 141.243 | 151.380 | 151.380 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 0.013 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 681 586 731 552.865 | 687 110 521 365.867 | 751 299 058 413.299 | 775 425 034 898.670 | 787 974 443 956.103 | 840 130 161 596.427 | 871 715 692 632.504 | 859 001 801 430.408 | 759 403 316 847.608 | 849 580 032 751.908 | 892 644 599 089.940 | 914 005 715 059.036 | 941 646 999 950.916 | 964 450 738 505.111 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 697 839 615 006.356 | 711 916 047 329.710 | 773 940 092 132.458 | 787 755 000 750.277 | 789 327 747 716.385 | 828 478 676 908.388 | 859 846 960 986.858 | 857 679 911 295.956 | 778 974 602 744.209 | 844 575 596 690.465 | 899 674 161 772.107 | 904 666 341 651.172 | 926 550 277 331.477 | 947 135 269 320.516 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 714 092 498 459.846 | 736 721 573 293.552 | 796 581 125 851.617 | 800 084 966 601.884 | 790 681 051 476.668 | 816 827 192 220.349 | 847 978 229 341.213 | 856 358 021 161.504 | 798 545 888 640.810 | 839 571 160 629.022 | 906 703 724 454.275 | 895 326 968 243.309 | 911 453 554 712.038 | 929 819 800 135.921 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 87.976 | 92.027 | 100.207 | 96.513 | 96.678 | 98.175 | 100.352 | 99.801 | 113.473 | 109.475 | 110.843 | 111.643 | 111.943 | 111.943 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 205.253 | 208.329 | 214.591 | 217.492 | 218.676 | 218.437 | 221.637 | 223.741 | 240.300 | 240.032 | 245.650 | 244.849 | 244.840 | 243.768 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -8.196 | -7.611 | -5.616 | -3.678 | -3.600 | -3.099 | -2.471 | -3.045 | -9.021 | -6.217 | -5.813 | -5.156 | -4.360 | -3.317 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -7.294 | -6.761 | -4.774 | -2.896 | -2.775 | -2.382 | -1.902 | -2.573 | -8.547 | -5.943 | -5.729 | -5.163 | -4.210 | -2.795 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.001 | -0.004 | 0.001 | 0.003 | -0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | -0.001 | -0.005 | 0.002 | 0.004 | -0.002 | -0.002 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Yen, 2015 |  | 82 462 300 000 000.000 | 83 130 600 000 000.000 | 90 896 500 000 000.000 | 93 815 400 000 000.000 | 95 333 700 000 000.100 | 101 643 800 000 000.000 | 105 465 200 000 000.000 | 103 927 000 000 000.000 | 91 877 000 000 000.000 | 102 787 100 000 000.000 | 107 997 300 000 000.000 | 110 581 691 203 399.000 | 113 925 893 520 757.000 | 116 684 821 537 876.000 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Yen, 2015 |  | 101 075 400 000 000.000 | 102 568 800 000 000.000 | 103 555 600 000 000.000 | 105 549 900 000 000.000 | 107 253 500 000 000.000 | 107 345 200 000 000.000 | 108 430 300 000 000.000 | 110 489 300 000 000.000 | 113 108 700 000 000.000 | 117 046 500 000 000.000 | 118 444 600 000 000.000 | 118 993 479 368 441.000 | 118 624 978 239 341.000 | 118 582 404 538 249.000 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Yen, 2015 |  | 124 174 984 244 903.000 | 127 244 874 061 941.000 | 130 563 076 200 649.000 | 134 890 357 211 730.000 | 135 861 418 257 884.000 | 138 714 166 154 308.000 | 140 378 904 347 002.000 | 140 478 451 720 579.000 | 133 120 674 553 959.000 | 134 401 979 730 524.000 | 135 294 461 455 667.000 | 136 784 480 754 154.000 | 139 345 067 138 849.000 | 143 265 557 978 190.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Yen |  | 500 474 600 000 000.000 | 508 700 599 999 999.000 | 518 811 100 000 001.000 | 538 032 400 000 001.000 | 544 364 600 000 000.000 | 553 073 000 000 000.000 | 556 630 100 000 000.000 | 557 910 899 999 999.000 | 539 284 599 999 999.000 | 550 074 300 000 001.000 | 556 743 200 000 000.000 | 586 117 120 580 267.000 | 607 410 068 786 845.000 | 628 155 858 819 707.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 5 004 535 552 173.770 | 5 104 881 503 378.580 | 5 120 001 477 497.160 | 5 199 906 568 893.960 | 5 239 105 821 749.110 | 5 326 877 242 516.050 | 5 361 150 858 909.340 | 5 339 588 998 847.100 | 5 113 074 469 029.690 | 5 227 091 791 438.360 | 5 275 726 774 019.550 | 5 365 830 542 799.600 | 5 421 547 329 459.130 | 5 485 672 979 179.350 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 4 279 771 293 453.770 | 4 365 584 995 225.580 | 4 378 515 272 274.440 | 4 446 848 389 862.600 | 4 480 370 748 799.870 | 4 555 430 982 275.650 | 4 584 741 042 726.540 | 4 566 301 803 207.550 | 4 372 591 443 443.670 | 4 470 096 608 171.510 | 4 511 688 200 465.870 | 4 588 743 007 857.410 | 4 636 390 806 863.520 | 4 691 229 684 914.350 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Yen, 2015 |  | 517 864 400 000 000.000 | 528 248 100 000 000.000 | 529 812 700 000 001.000 | 538 081 200 000 001.000 | 542 137 500 000 000.000 | 551 220 000 000 000.000 | 554 766 600 000 001.000 | 552 535 400 000 000.000 | 529 095 900 000 000.000 | 540 894 300 000 001.000 | 545 927 000 000 000.000 | 555 250 849 070 620.000 | 561 016 367 167 665.000 | 567 652 026 115 587.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Yen, 2015 |  | 123 427 600 000 000.000 | 128 503 400 000 000.000 | 131 358 300 000 000.000 | 134 354 500 000 000.000 | 135 912 400 000 000.000 | 138 101 000 000 000.000 | 138 926 800 000 000.000 | 139 688 000 000 000.000 | 134 820 700 000 000.000 | 135 067 400 000 000.000 | 133 746 400 000 000.000 | 136 053 908 623 636.000 | 139 561 975 963 316.000 | 143 489 937 947 031.000 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Yen, 2015 |  | 86 392 000 000 000.000 | 89 129 700 000 000.000 | 96 371 600 000 000.000 | 96 795 500 000 000.000 | 95 657 800 000 000.000 | 98 820 999 999 999.900 | 102 589 700 000 000.000 | 103 603 500 000 000.000 | 96 609 300 000 000.100 | 101 572 600 000 000.000 | 109 694 400 000 000.000 | 108 318 022 675 357.000 | 110 269 041 711 702.000 | 112 491 018 105 632.000 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.008 | -0.004 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.000 | -0.004 | -0.008 | 0.010 | -0.006 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Yen, 2015 |  | 295 760 100 000 000.000 | 303 468 100 000 000.000 | 300 716 700 000 000.000 | 300 064 900 000 000.000 | 298 784 600 000 000.000 | 301 928 900 000 000.000 | 302 625 800 000 000.000 | 300 738 300 000 000.000 | 286 740 400 000 000.000 | 287 900 700 000 000.000 | 293 691 700 000 000.000 | 295 750 228 180 179.000 | 297 762 713 132 249.000 | 299 848 636 298 225.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.483 | -0.165 | 1.892 | 1.081 | 0.379 | -0.025 | 0.201 | 0.444 | 0.108 | -0.733 | 0.319 | 2.731 | 2.273 | 2.047 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.146 | 0.810 | 9.342 | 3.211 | 1.618 | 6.619 | 3.760 | -1.458 | -11.595 | 11.875 | 5.069 | 2.393 | 3.024 | 2.422 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.683 | 1.478 | 0.962 | 1.926 | 1.614 | 0.085 | 1.011 | 1.899 | 2.371 | 3.481 | 1.194 | 0.463 | -0.310 | -0.036 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.756 | -0.354 | 1.686 | 2.111 | 0.420 | -0.074 | 0.000 | 0.635 | 0.944 | -0.224 | 0.279 | 3.508 | 2.568 | 2.207 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | 0.608 | 1.644 | 1.988 | 3.705 | 1.177 | 1.600 | 0.643 | 0.230 | -3.339 | 2.001 | 1.212 | 5.276 | 3.633 | 3.415 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.375 | 2.005 | 0.296 | 1.561 | 0.754 | 1.675 | 0.643 | -0.402 | -4.242 | 2.230 | 0.930 | 1.708 | 1.038 | 1.183 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.772 | 4.112 | 2.222 | 2.281 | 1.160 | 1.610 | 0.598 | 0.548 | -3.484 | 0.183 | -0.978 | 1.725 | 2.578 | 2.814 |
Headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.026 | 0.335 | 2.759 | 0.795 | -0.127 | 0.493 | 0.972 | 0.486 | -0.017 | -0.242 | 2.523 | 3.244 | 2.585 | 2.047 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.453 | 3.169 | 8.125 | 0.440 | -1.175 | 3.307 | 3.814 | 0.988 | -6.751 | 5.137 | 7.996 | -1.255 | 1.801 | 2.015 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.029 | 2.606 | -0.907 | -0.217 | -0.427 | 1.052 | 0.231 | -0.624 | -4.655 | 0.405 | 2.011 | 0.701 | 0.680 | 0.701 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Yen |  | 296 734 700 000 000.000 | 297 019 500 000 000.000 | 297 306 000 000 000.000 | 301 349 600 000 000.000 | 304 447 000 000 000.000 | 307 461 000 000 000.000 | 310 694 000 000 000.000 | 315 651 200 000 000.000 | 329 820 300 021 496.000 | 319 822 839 442 123.000 | 326 942 709 956 992.000 | 331 816 224 962 391.000 | 342 357 105 576 086.000 | 345 806 365 140 808.000 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index | Index, 2015 |  | 0.962 | 0.965 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 1.004 | 1.013 | 1.018 | 1.018 | 1.016 | 1.041 | 1.075 | 1.103 | 1.125 |
Core inflation index | Index, 2015 |  | 0.973 | 0.971 | 0.989 | 1.000 | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.006 | 1.010 | 1.011 | 1.004 | 1.007 | 1.034 | 1.058 | 1.080 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 0.875 | 0.966 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 0.917 | 0.957 | 0.967 | 0.937 | 0.912 | 0.974 | 1.113 | 1.145 | 1.181 | 1.193 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.966 | 0.963 | 0.979 | 1.000 | 1.004 | 1.003 | 1.003 | 1.010 | 1.019 | 1.017 | 1.020 | 1.056 | 1.083 | 1.107 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 0.930 | 1.038 | 1.077 | 1.000 | 0.868 | 0.942 | 0.993 | 0.956 | 0.883 | 1.014 | 1.291 | 1.267 | 1.289 | 1.289 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Yen |  | 104.274 | 101.303 | 103.052 | 103.469 | 105.520 | 105.102 | 104.159 | 104.226 | 102.428 | 102.050 | 97.573 | 97.846 | 98.393 | 98.309 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 65 646 666.667 | 65 924 166.667 | 66 085 000.000 | 66 251 666.667 | 66 785 833.333 | 67 322 500.000 | 68 490 000.000 | 69 121 666.667 | 69 023 333.333 | 69 073 333.333 | 69 021 666.667 | 69 231 468.167 | 69 188 662.869 | 69 022 759.466 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 62 793 333.333 | 63 263 333.333 | 63 712 500.000 | 64 021 666.667 | 64 705 000.000 | 65 424 166.667 | 66 820 000.000 | 67 492 500.000 | 67 100 833.333 | 67 123 333.333 | 67 226 666.667 | 67 438 697.955 | 67 455 471.292 | 67 364 480.937 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 4.347 | 4.036 | 3.590 | 3.366 | 3.116 | 2.820 | 2.438 | 2.357 | 2.785 | 2.823 | 2.601 | 2.590 | 2.505 | 2.403 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 0.849 | 0.708 | 0.551 | 0.358 | -0.047 | 0.052 | 0.071 | -0.098 | 0.003 | 0.059 | 0.223 | 0.554 | 1.218 | 1.731 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.193 | 0.155 | 0.128 | 0.092 | -0.015 | -0.016 | -0.053 | -0.081 | -0.066 | -0.084 | -0.023 | -0.026 | 0.224 | 0.624 |