External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.613 | 1.636 | 0.158 | 0.230 | 1.172 | 1.295 | 0.554 | 0.435 | -1.039 | -1.171 | -1.557 | -1.040 | -0.987 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.961 | 1.025 | 1.025 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.043 | 0.976 | 0.976 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 68 152 186 889.444 | 73 060 716 856.640 | 76 204 905 807.187 | 80 976 502 888.265 | 84 564 288 172.002 | 91 672 445 556.914 | 95 461 651 686.923 | 99 351 988 867.654 | 80 840 706 711.548 | 91 718 722 485.198 | 107 672 656 968.341 | 111 468 836 485.507 | 114 797 890 358.275 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 66 638 687 892.657 | 70 617 076 573.949 | 74 889 099 028.013 | 80 236 182 424.649 | 84 022 324 869.634 | 90 958 279 517.104 | 95 094 963 471.626 | 99 381 149 341.382 | 84 254 984 521.639 | 95 532 011 196.693 | 108 687 657 040.721 | 112 475 073 809.202 | 116 361 074 385.437 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 65 125 188 895.869 | 68 173 436 291.257 | 73 573 292 248.839 | 79 495 861 961.033 | 83 480 361 567.265 | 90 244 113 477.295 | 94 728 275 256.328 | 99 410 309 815.110 | 87 669 262 331.729 | 99 345 299 908.188 | 109 702 657 113.101 | 113 481 311 132.896 | 117 924 258 412.598 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 48.572 | 44.300 | 44.824 | 41.565 | 43.371 | 38.673 | 35.930 | 36.893 | 44.813 | 39.577 | 39.577 | 39.577 | 39.577 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 139.365 | 142.783 | 152.752 | 150.173 | 146.030 | 145.061 | 137.722 | 136.069 | 157.476 | 143.706 | 134.079 | 128.083 | 124.578 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -6.180 | -5.105 | -7.356 | -4.449 | -1.935 | -2.956 | -0.349 | 0.115 | -5.819 | -2.898 | -1.837 | -0.575 | 0.019 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.903 | -0.929 | -3.004 | -0.172 | 1.949 | 0.652 | 2.874 | 2.933 | -3.069 | -0.595 | 0.140 | 1.734 | 2.338 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 129.035 | 131.430 | 132.941 | 131.179 | 131.506 | 126.143 | 121.481 | 116.608 | 134.897 | 125.541 | 115.915 | 109.919 | 106.414 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2016 |  | -0.002 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.003 | -0.003 | -0.005 | 0.003 | -0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2016 |  | 60 435 327 000.000 | 64 788 065 000.000 | 67 576 238 000.000 | 71 807 548 000.000 | 74 989 089 000.000 | 81 292 391 000.000 | 84 652 546 000.000 | 88 102 381 000.000 | 71 687 128 000.000 | 81 333 428 000.000 | 95 480 901 345.051 | 98 847 240 136.832 | 101 799 345 837.090 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 33 160 330 000.000 | 32 466 510 000.000 | 32 267 757 000.000 | 32 536 841 000.000 | 32 799 600 000.000 | 32 863 588 000.000 | 33 064 586 000.000 | 33 771 967 000.000 | 33 888 466 000.000 | 35 439 221 000.000 | 36 120 966 321.978 | 36 967 677 678.097 | 37 617 167 276.365 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 27 519 151 000.000 | 26 127 852 000.000 | 27 190 154 000.000 | 28 797 123 000.000 | 29 526 045 000.000 | 33 036 546 000.000 | 35 625 947 000.000 | 36 795 146 000.000 | 35 058 962 000.000 | 38 583 412 000.000 | 39 080 089 228.570 | 39 875 642 505.510 | 41 230 984 460.471 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 168 295 569 000.000 | 170 492 269 000.000 | 173 053 691 000.000 | 179 713 159 000.000 | 186 489 811 000.000 | 195 947 210 000.000 | 205 184 124 000.000 | 214 374 620 000.000 | 200 518 859 000.000 | 214 470 702 000.000 | 241 003 584 134.497 | 259 013 218 416.256 | 269 633 055 577.962 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 302 233 325 902.299 | 299 444 787 351.310 | 301 816 958 828.015 | 307 225 658 501.630 | 313 430 036 650.845 | 324 419 974 794.646 | 333 663 756 787.381 | 342 615 155 604.361 | 314 176 329 971.581 | 331 400 706 939.790 | 353 705 995 564.318 | 357 338 248 486.368 | 361 470 773 795.065 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 196 137 784 322.218 | 194 328 130 237.067 | 195 867 578 132.444 | 199 377 615 838.842 | 203 404 018 220.682 | 210 536 064 665.024 | 216 534 923 041.743 | 222 344 036 002.087 | 203 888 333 833.285 | 215 066 290 879.516 | 229 541 563 837.656 | 231 898 756 043.717 | 234 580 605 754.643 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2016 |  | 179 827 806 000.000 | 178 168 635 000.000 | 179 580 069 000.000 | 182 798 227 000.000 | 186 489 811 000.000 | 193 028 787 000.000 | 198 528 806 000.000 | 203 854 858 000.000 | 186 933 853 000.000 | 197 182 299 000.000 | 210 453 870 239.110 | 212 615 048 434.332 | 215 073 887 006.431 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 27 318 759 000.000 | 26 005 956 000.000 | 26 601 101 000.000 | 28 175 660 000.000 | 28 893 361 000.000 | 32 212 916 000.000 | 34 204 498 000.000 | 36 047 348 000.000 | 35 262 490 000.000 | 38 324 781 000.000 | 38 971 906 083.628 | 40 000 935 353.787 | 41 381 991 250.627 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2016 |  | 56 831 601 000.000 | 59 491 659 000.000 | 64 203 852 000.000 | 69 372 192 000.000 | 72 849 272 000.000 | 78 751 671 000.000 | 82 664 782 000.000 | 86 750 567 000.000 | 76 504 723 000.000 | 86 693 836 000.000 | 95 732 200 449.510 | 99 029 648 966.910 | 102 906 794 067.675 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2016 |  | 0.035 | 0.009 | -0.013 | -0.007 | -0.002 | 0.002 | -0.003 | -0.004 | -0.030 | -0.002 | 0.026 | 0.000 | -0.005 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 115 091 066 000.000 | 113 890 994 000.000 | 116 602 439 000.000 | 118 978 916 000.000 | 122 024 349 000.000 | 124 587 933 000.000 | 127 846 224 000.000 | 132 018 223 000.000 | 122 748 208 000.000 | 128 461 204 000.000 | 135 398 100 668.800 | 135 836 830 780.496 | 137 256 308 947.469 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2016 |  | 3.081 | 7.202 | 4.304 | 6.262 | 4.431 | 8.406 | 4.133 | 4.075 | -18.632 | 13.456 | 17.394 | 3.526 | 2.987 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -3.557 | -2.092 | -0.612 | 0.834 | 0.808 | 0.195 | 0.612 | 2.139 | 0.345 | 4.576 | 1.924 | 2.344 | 1.757 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -0.388 | 2.249 | 0.705 | 2.020 | 1.717 | 1.512 | 1.813 | 1.749 | 2.003 | 1.399 | 5.285 | 6.380 | 2.910 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -4.430 | 1.305 | 1.502 | 3.848 | 3.771 | 5.071 | 4.714 | 4.479 | -6.463 | 6.958 | 12.371 | 7.473 | 4.100 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -4.057 | -0.923 | 0.792 | 1.792 | 2.019 | 3.506 | 2.849 | 2.683 | -8.301 | 5.482 | 6.731 | 1.027 | 1.156 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -16.712 | -4.806 | 2.288 | 5.919 | 2.547 | 11.489 | 6.183 | 5.388 | -2.177 | 8.684 | 1.689 | 2.640 | 3.453 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2016 |  | 1.185 | 0.121 | 0.176 | 0.595 | 0.878 | 1.248 | 0.809 | 0.436 | -0.203 | 0.242 | 5.114 | 4.873 | 2.421 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2016 |  | 2.776 | 0.440 | -0.160 | 0.508 | 0.636 | 1.556 | 1.168 | 0.300 | -0.121 | 0.941 | 8.279 | 6.578 | 2.433 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2016 |  | -6.276 | 4.681 | 7.921 | 8.050 | 5.012 | 8.102 | 4.969 | 4.943 | -11.811 | 13.318 | 10.426 | 3.444 | 3.915 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -5.319 | -1.043 | 2.381 | 2.038 | 2.560 | 2.101 | 2.615 | 3.263 | -7.022 | 4.654 | 5.400 | 0.324 | 1.045 |
Household sector accounts | Gross disposable income of household and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 123 822 230 000.000 | 122 732 963 000.000 | 122 394 645 000.000 | 126 586 105 000.000 | 131 371 578 679.940 | 135 497 634 177.694 | 141 358 893 000.000 | 147 925 319 000.000 | 146 603 764 000.000 | 152 433 396 000.000 | 164 804 109 858.643 | 172 124 073 355.685 | 178 853 755 178.073 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2016 |  | 0.986 | 0.990 | 0.989 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 1.016 | 1.027 | 1.030 | 1.029 | 1.039 | 1.125 | 1.199 | 1.228 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2016 |  | 0.983 | 0.984 | 0.985 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 1.012 | 1.021 | 1.025 | 1.023 | 1.026 | 1.078 | 1.130 | 1.158 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2016 |  | 1.052 | 1.042 | 1.030 | 1.016 | 1.000 | 1.030 | 1.053 | 1.059 | 1.036 | 1.097 | 1.257 | 1.312 | 1.335 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2016 |  | 0.936 | 0.957 | 0.964 | 0.983 | 1.000 | 1.015 | 1.034 | 1.052 | 1.073 | 1.088 | 1.145 | 1.218 | 1.254 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2016 |  | 1.133 | 1.104 | 1.080 | 1.033 | 1.000 | 1.038 | 1.067 | 1.064 | 1.027 | 1.103 | 1.298 | 1.335 | 1.343 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.605 | 0.584 | 0.579 | 0.585 | 0.571 | 0.576 | 0.571 | 0.576 | 0.569 | 0.572 | 0.561 | 0.561 | 0.561 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 5 059 150.000 | 5 000 425.000 | 4 993 150.000 | 4 995 925.000 | 5 002 750.000 | 5 053 300.000 | 5 084 500.000 | 5 115 675.000 | 5 034 525.000 | 5 151 075.000 | 5 231 779.339 | 5 252 811.396 | 5 272 212.749 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 4 223 575.000 | 4 145 775.000 | 4 267 375.000 | 4 349 525.000 | 4 429 850.000 | 4 590 875.000 | 4 718 700.000 | 4 776 175.000 | 4 683 700.000 | 4 812 300.000 | 4 913 076.938 | 4 919 150.598 | 4 943 055.793 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 16.516 | 17.092 | 14.535 | 12.939 | 11.452 | 9.151 | 7.194 | 6.636 | 6.968 | 6.577 | 6.092 | 6.352 | 6.243 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 10.548 | 6.294 | 3.754 | 2.423 | 3.172 | 3.053 | 1.839 | 0.758 | 0.417 | 0.295 | 2.420 | 5.568 | 5.480 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.499 | 3.838 | 3.900 |