External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.613 | 1.636 | 0.158 | 0.230 | 1.172 | 1.295 | 0.554 | 0.435 | -1.039 | -0.757 | -1.148 | 1.627 | 1.289 | 1.188 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 68 152 186 889.444 | 73 060 716 856.640 | 76 204 905 807.187 | 80 976 502 888.265 | 84 564 288 172.002 | 91 672 445 556.914 | 95 461 651 686.923 | 99 351 988 867.654 | 80 840 707 839.236 | 90 802 037 397.213 | 106 598 699 626.194 | 112 236 755 558.561 | 114 780 304 698.565 | 118 898 022 635.592 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 66 638 687 892.657 | 70 617 076 573.948 | 74 889 099 028.013 | 80 236 182 424.649 | 84 022 324 869.633 | 90 958 279 517.104 | 95 094 963 471.625 | 99 381 149 341.382 | 84 254 985 085.482 | 94 602 814 081.565 | 107 941 037 176.678 | 111 937 821 988.314 | 115 021 279 374.146 | 119 282 862 810.130 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 65 125 188 895.869 | 68 173 436 291.257 | 73 573 292 248.839 | 79 495 861 961.033 | 83 480 361 567.265 | 90 244 113 477.294 | 94 728 275 256.328 | 99 410 309 815.110 | 87 669 262 331.728 | 98 403 590 765.917 | 109 283 374 727.162 | 111 638 888 418.066 | 115 262 254 049.728 | 119 667 702 984.668 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 48.572 | 44.300 | 44.824 | 41.565 | 43.371 | 38.673 | 35.930 | 36.893 | 44.794 | 39.387 | 35.947 | 35.947 | 35.947 | 35.947 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 139.365 | 142.783 | 152.752 | 150.173 | 146.030 | 145.061 | 137.722 | 136.069 | 157.476 | 142.932 | 115.145 | 107.427 | 104.184 | 101.101 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -6.180 | -5.105 | -7.356 | -4.449 | -1.935 | -2.956 | -0.349 | 0.115 | -5.819 | -2.877 | -0.322 | 0.815 | 0.230 | 0.177 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.903 | -0.929 | -3.004 | -0.172 | 1.949 | 0.652 | 2.874 | 2.933 | -3.069 | -0.585 | 1.492 | 2.909 | 2.470 | 2.419 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 129.035 | 131.430 | 132.941 | 131.179 | 131.506 | 126.143 | 121.481 | 116.608 | 134.897 | 124.548 | 112.418 | 104.699 | 101.457 | 98.374 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2016 |  | -0.002 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.003 | -0.003 | -0.005 | 0.006 | 0.001 | -0.003 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2016 |  | 60 435 327 000.000 | 64 788 065 000.000 | 67 576 238 000.000 | 71 807 548 000.000 | 74 989 089 000.000 | 81 292 391 000.000 | 84 652 546 000.000 | 88 102 381 000.000 | 71 687 129 000.000 | 80 520 539 000.000 | 94 528 548 000.000 | 99 528 207 871.071 | 101 783 751 398.473 | 105 435 220 872.543 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 33 160 330 000.000 | 32 466 510 000.000 | 32 267 757 000.000 | 32 536 841 000.000 | 32 799 600 000.000 | 32 863 588 000.000 | 33 064 586 000.000 | 33 771 967 000.000 | 33 888 468 000.000 | 35 415 892 000.000 | 35 910 159 000.000 | 36 304 909 227.436 | 36 946 788 442.471 | 37 463 146 584.107 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 27 519 151 000.000 | 26 127 852 000.000 | 27 190 154 000.000 | 28 797 123 000.000 | 29 526 045 000.000 | 33 036 546 000.000 | 35 625 947 000.000 | 36 795 146 000.000 | 35 058 963 000.000 | 39 063 334 000.000 | 40 417 002 000.000 | 40 127 167 544.780 | 41 540 629 647.181 | 43 399 350 791.566 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 168 295 569 000.000 | 170 492 269 000.000 | 173 053 691 000.000 | 179 713 159 000.000 | 186 489 811 000.000 | 195 947 210 000.000 | 205 184 124 000.000 | 214 374 620 000.000 | 200 518 859 000.000 | 216 053 209 000.000 | 242 340 811 000.000 | 264 964 590 348.438 | 276 621 689 243.244 | 288 924 417 542.685 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 302 233 325 902.300 | 299 444 787 351.312 | 301 816 958 828.016 | 307 225 658 501.631 | 313 430 036 650.847 | 324 419 974 794.647 | 333 663 756 787.382 | 342 615 155 604.362 | 314 176 328 290.900 | 332 201 997 212.019 | 354 883 124 547.337 | 362 513 139 075.573 | 366 904 381 054.268 | 374 396 856 572.156 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 196 137 784 322.218 | 194 328 130 237.066 | 195 867 578 132.444 | 199 377 615 838.842 | 203 404 018 220.681 | 210 536 064 665.023 | 216 534 923 041.742 | 222 344 036 002.087 | 203 888 332 742.587 | 215 586 297 394.761 | 230 305 475 196.210 | 235 257 060 662.329 | 238 106 807 524.468 | 242 969 135 471.857 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2016 |  | 179 827 806 000.000 | 178 168 635 000.000 | 179 580 069 000.000 | 182 798 227 000.000 | 186 489 811 000.000 | 193 028 787 000.000 | 198 528 806 000.000 | 203 854 858 000.000 | 186 933 852 000.000 | 197 659 064 000.000 | 211 154 258 000.000 | 215 694 090 820.436 | 218 306 864 935.555 | 222 764 862 510.336 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 27 318 759 000.000 | 26 005 956 000.000 | 26 601 101 000.000 | 28 175 660 000.000 | 28 893 361 000.000 | 32 212 916 000.000 | 34 204 498 000.000 | 36 047 348 000.000 | 35 262 489 000.000 | 38 106 438 000.000 | 39 248 421 000.000 | 39 481 729 129.768 | 40 607 188 183.049 | 42 451 562 898.822 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2016 |  | 56 831 601 000.000 | 59 491 659 000.000 | 64 203 852 000.000 | 69 372 192 000.000 | 72 849 272 000.000 | 78 751 671 000.000 | 82 664 782 000.000 | 86 750 567 000.000 | 76 504 723 000.000 | 85 872 052 000.000 | 95 366 313 000.000 | 97 421 855 816.860 | 100 583 791 672.200 | 104 428 213 782.003 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2016 |  | 0.035 | 0.009 | -0.013 | -0.007 | -0.002 | 0.002 | -0.003 | -0.004 | -0.030 | -0.002 | 0.023 | 0.015 | -0.004 | -0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2016 |  | 115 091 066 000.000 | 113 890 994 000.000 | 116 602 439 000.000 | 118 978 916 000.000 | 122 024 349 000.000 | 124 587 933 000.000 | 127 846 224 000.000 | 132 018 223 000.000 | 122 748 207 000.000 | 128 551 173 000.000 | 135 686 039 000.000 | 137 052 748 243.266 | 138 444 077 673.054 | 140 663 404 979.970 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2016 |  | 3.081 | 7.202 | 4.304 | 6.262 | 4.431 | 8.406 | 4.133 | 4.075 | -18.632 | 12.322 | 17.397 | 5.289 | 2.266 | 3.587 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -3.557 | -2.092 | -0.612 | 0.834 | 0.808 | 0.195 | 0.612 | 2.139 | 0.345 | 4.507 | 1.396 | 1.099 | 1.768 | 1.398 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -0.388 | 2.249 | 0.705 | 2.020 | 1.717 | 1.512 | 1.813 | 1.749 | 2.003 | 1.901 | 4.998 | 7.034 | 3.150 | 2.357 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -4.430 | 1.305 | 1.502 | 3.848 | 3.771 | 5.071 | 4.714 | 4.479 | -6.463 | 7.747 | 12.167 | 9.336 | 4.399 | 4.447 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -4.057 | -0.923 | 0.792 | 1.792 | 2.019 | 3.506 | 2.849 | 2.683 | -8.301 | 5.737 | 6.828 | 2.150 | 1.211 | 2.042 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -16.712 | -4.806 | 2.288 | 5.919 | 2.547 | 11.489 | 6.183 | 5.388 | -2.177 | 8.065 | 2.997 | 0.594 | 2.851 | 4.542 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2016 |  | 1.185 | 0.121 | 0.176 | 0.595 | 0.878 | 1.248 | 0.809 | 0.436 | -0.203 | 0.242 | 4.956 | 5.721 | 3.203 | 2.347 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2016 |  | 2.776 | 0.440 | -0.160 | 0.508 | 0.636 | 1.556 | 1.168 | 0.300 | -0.121 | 0.941 | 8.103 | 5.521 | 3.341 | 2.380 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2016 |  | -6.276 | 4.681 | 7.921 | 8.050 | 5.012 | 8.102 | 4.969 | 4.943 | -11.811 | 12.244 | 11.056 | 2.155 | 3.246 | 3.822 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016 |  | -5.319 | -1.043 | 2.381 | 2.038 | 2.560 | 2.101 | 2.615 | 3.263 | -7.022 | 4.728 | 5.550 | 1.007 | 1.015 | 1.603 |
Household sector accounts | Gross disposable income of household and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 123 822 230 000.000 | 122 732 963 000.000 | 122 394 645 000.000 | 126 586 105 000.000 | 131 371 578 679.940 | 135 497 634 177.694 | 141 358 893 000.000 | 147 925 319 000.000 | 146 227 592 000.000 | 153 831 905 000.000 | 166 373 598 000.000 | 178 792 938 056.758 | 189 280 867 702.787 | 195 643 663 471.733 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2016 |  | 0.986 | 0.990 | 0.989 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 1.016 | 1.027 | 1.030 | 1.029 | 1.039 | 1.123 | 1.185 | 1.225 | 1.254 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2016 |  | 0.983 | 0.984 | 0.985 | 0.991 | 1.000 | 1.012 | 1.021 | 1.025 | 1.023 | 1.026 | 1.076 | 1.138 | 1.174 | 1.202 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2016 |  | 1.052 | 1.042 | 1.030 | 1.016 | 1.000 | 1.030 | 1.053 | 1.059 | 1.036 | 1.111 | 1.272 | 1.290 | 1.315 | 1.342 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2016 |  | 0.936 | 0.957 | 0.964 | 0.983 | 1.000 | 1.015 | 1.034 | 1.052 | 1.073 | 1.093 | 1.148 | 1.228 | 1.267 | 1.297 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2016 |  | 1.133 | 1.104 | 1.080 | 1.033 | 1.000 | 1.038 | 1.067 | 1.064 | 1.027 | 1.113 | 1.322 | 1.285 | 1.310 | 1.337 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.605 | 0.584 | 0.579 | 0.585 | 0.571 | 0.576 | 0.571 | 0.559 | 0.557 | 0.568 | 0.556 | 0.578 | 0.585 | 0.587 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 5 059 150.000 | 5 000 425.000 | 4 993 150.000 | 4 995 925.000 | 5 002 750.000 | 5 053 300.000 | 5 084 500.000 | 5 115 675.000 | 5 022 050.000 | 5 117 525.000 | 5 200 475.000 | 5 330 408.325 | 5 351 476.012 | 5 363 392.458 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 4 223 575.000 | 4 145 775.000 | 4 267 375.000 | 4 349 525.000 | 4 429 850.000 | 4 590 875.000 | 4 718 700.000 | 4 776 175.000 | 4 671 700.000 | 4 774 575.000 | 4 881 425.000 | 4 984 988.009 | 5 011 993.570 | 5 026 707.120 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 16.516 | 17.092 | 14.535 | 12.939 | 11.452 | 9.151 | 7.194 | 6.636 | 6.976 | 6.701 | 6.135 | 6.480 | 6.344 | 6.277 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 10.548 | 6.294 | 3.754 | 2.423 | 3.172 | 3.053 | 1.839 | 0.757 | 0.417 | 0.295 | 2.170 | 3.309 | 4.206 | 4.286 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |