External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 1.296 | 3.300 | 5.097 | 3.817 | 4.777 | 6.218 | 5.953 | 5.943 | 7.554 | 3.803 | -0.419 | 1.375 | 0.700 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.923 | 0.921 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.084 | 1.086 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 29 056 934 687.634 | 29 946 690 418.422 | 31 746 677 177.780 | 33 251 870 193.700 | 35 301 305 093.253 | 39 209 603 217.151 | 41 623 089 240.430 | 43 488 571 297.230 | 39 748 366 523.891 | 45 511 912 264.425 | 48 475 298 247.092 | 49 173 083 456.005 | 51 632 428 836.742 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 27 960 100 329.052 | 28 688 582 955.677 | 30 158 720 098.175 | 31 528 233 873.387 | 33 490 147 176.582 | 37 134 641 998.342 | 39 583 680 209.730 | 41 392 881 974.489 | 37 637 594 011.668 | 43 643 060 727.423 | 47 162 695 352.940 | 47 586 400 300.799 | 49 851 355 489.067 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 26 863 265 970.470 | 27 430 475 492.931 | 28 570 763 018.569 | 29 804 597 553.073 | 31 678 989 259.911 | 35 059 680 779.533 | 37 544 271 179.030 | 39 297 192 651.748 | 35 526 821 499.445 | 41 774 209 190.420 | 45 850 092 458.788 | 45 999 717 145.593 | 48 070 282 141.393 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 53.900 | 66.581 | 78.145 | 77.894 | 69.560 | 63.410 | 61.827 | 61.627 | 71.141 | 63.014 | 50.456 | 47.300 | 43.500 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 62.812 | 80.572 | 100.001 | 103.164 | 98.001 | 90.292 | 84.829 | 86.760 | 109.865 | 95.233 | 71.944 | 70.936 | 68.434 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.995 | -14.579 | -5.507 | -2.847 | -1.919 | -0.053 | 0.744 | 0.716 | -7.652 | -4.616 | -3.016 | -4.080 | -2.866 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -2.568 | -12.591 | -2.702 | 0.000 | 0.717 | 2.123 | 2.538 | 2.202 | -6.252 | -3.494 | -2.140 | -3.091 | -1.719 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 53.561 | 70.006 | 80.299 | 82.587 | 78.520 | 74.150 | 70.290 | 65.424 | 79.591 | 74.468 | 69.919 | 68.940 | 66.509 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2010 |  | -0.020 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.004 | -0.008 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.011 | -0.013 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2010 |  | 25 102 113 093.000 | 25 870 767 778.000 | 27 425 765 636.000 | 28 726 092 932.000 | 30 496 587 555.000 | 33 872 943 064.000 | 35 957 939 288.000 | 37 569 518 144.000 | 34 338 377 481.000 | 39 317 470 374.000 | 41 877 521 903.000 | 42 480 334 395.682 | 44 604 948 245.893 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2010 |  | 7 242 570 603.000 | 7 100 838 912.000 | 7 083 392 327.000 | 7 249 565 520.000 | 7 425 120 094.000 | 7 455 734 609.000 | 7 668 544 254.000 | 7 808 231 466.000 | 8 130 332 746.000 | 8 599 694 553.000 | 8 681 340 325.000 | 8 788 879 730.500 | 8 943 781 255.899 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2010 |  | 6 555 994 845.000 | 6 859 087 003.000 | 6 976 551 203.000 | 6 990 249 771.000 | 6 963 664 688.000 | 7 903 878 533.000 | 8 778 066 160.000 | 8 832 435 023.000 | 8 207 649 578.000 | 9 449 509 668.000 | 10 620 455 480.000 | 10 240 201 149.764 | 10 431 249 669.096 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 36 253 272 036.000 | 36 454 332 674.000 | 37 634 292 005.000 | 38 852 640 732.000 | 40 443 216 768.000 | 43 011 339 179.000 | 45 876 349 630.000 | 48 533 117 569.000 | 47 020 646 564.000 | 52 208 067 857.000 | 58 988 507 718.000 | 64 817 164 935.957 | 69 420 941 536.266 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 62 780 215 044.257 | 62 134 028 307.205 | 63 853 996 451.982 | 65 265 221 952.345 | 67 348 392 315.791 | 70 591 472 777.855 | 73 735 875 152.421 | 76 280 559 730.353 | 72 984 194 172.322 | 78 976 971 404.802 | 83 221 630 839.175 | 84 484 655 313.188 | 86 679 690 803.546 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 41 462 894 744.853 | 41 036 123 784.526 | 42 172 068 573.838 | 43 104 105 750.543 | 44 479 925 719.530 | 46 621 802 802.189 | 48 698 508 410.798 | 50 379 133 249.997 | 48 202 064 278.875 | 52 159 965 529.205 | 54 963 330 685.426 | 55 797 489 198.411 | 57 247 189 958.974 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2010 |  | 35 709 052 198.000 | 35 341 504 621.000 | 36 319 813 348.000 | 37 122 510 902.000 | 38 307 407 118.000 | 40 152 054 025.000 | 41 940 573 361.000 | 43 387 976 406.000 | 41 513 021 220.000 | 44 921 681 016.000 | 47 336 020 712.000 | 48 054 422 310.945 | 49 302 946 815.781 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2010 |  | 6 664 311 422.000 | 6 892 879 185.000 | 6 888 544 256.000 | 6 804 987 098.000 | 6 560 666 264.000 | 7 228 619 902.000 | 7 962 498 436.000 | 8 366 907 252.000 | 7 705 369 948.000 | 8 759 897 358.000 | 9 440 736 138.000 | 9 627 047 728.550 | 9 826 276 860.026 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2010 |  | 23 353 718 926.000 | 23 846 825 452.000 | 24 838 140 298.000 | 25 910 780 719.000 | 27 540 292 824.000 | 30 479 314 446.000 | 32 639 305 934.000 | 34 163 217 264.000 | 30 885 425 642.000 | 36 316 624 377.000 | 39 860 014 534.000 | 39 990 091 527.761 | 41 790 147 894.067 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2010 |  | 0.028 | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.012 | -0.001 | 0.002 | 0.000 | -0.008 | -0.021 | 0.010 | 0.006 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2010 |  | 20 133 395 005.000 | 19 340 860 809.000 | 19 654 917 231.000 | 20 053 615 690.000 | 20 945 653 424.000 | 21 344 289 034.000 | 22 095 991 095.000 | 23 264 992 878.000 | 21 656 531 429.000 | 23 715 205 662.000 | 25 831 206 660.000 | 26 372 254 501.113 | 26 978 952 244.219 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2010 |  | 0.496 | 3.062 | 6.011 | 4.741 | 6.163 | 11.071 | 6.155 | 4.482 | -8.600 | 14.500 | 6.511 | 1.439 | 5.001 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2010 |  | -2.351 | -1.957 | -0.246 | 2.346 | 2.422 | 0.412 | 2.854 | 1.822 | 4.125 | 5.773 | 0.949 | 1.239 | 1.762 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2010 |  | 0.479 | 1.600 | 0.456 | 1.005 | 0.874 | 1.464 | 2.113 | 2.262 | 1.259 | 2.607 | 7.225 | 8.238 | 4.390 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -2.173 | 0.555 | 3.237 | 3.237 | 4.094 | 6.350 | 6.661 | 5.791 | -3.116 | 11.032 | 12.987 | 9.881 | 7.103 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2010 |  | -2.639 | -1.029 | 2.768 | 2.210 | 3.192 | 4.815 | 4.454 | 3.451 | -4.321 | 8.211 | 5.375 | 1.518 | 2.598 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2010 |  | -8.550 | 3.430 | -0.063 | -1.213 | -3.590 | 10.181 | 10.152 | 5.079 | -7.907 | 13.686 | 7.772 | 1.973 | 2.069 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2010 |  | 0.725 | 0.862 | 0.621 | 0.266 | 0.688 | 0.732 | 1.025 | 1.893 | 0.785 | 0.879 | 5.855 | 6.925 | 4.567 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2010 |  | 2.809 | 1.930 | 0.366 | -0.763 | -0.153 | 1.557 | 1.934 | 1.692 | -0.275 | 2.047 | 9.321 | 7.258 | 4.379 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2010 |  | -3.535 | 2.111 | 4.157 | 4.319 | 6.289 | 10.672 | 7.087 | 4.669 | -9.595 | 17.585 | 9.757 | 0.326 | 4.501 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2010 |  | -2.190 | -3.936 | 1.624 | 2.028 | 4.448 | 1.903 | 3.522 | 5.291 | -6.914 | 9.506 | 8.923 | 2.095 | 2.301 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 21 115 800 000.000 | 21 099 900 000.000 | 21 314 000 000.000 | 21 674 800 000.000 | 22 655 000 000.000 | 23 768 800 000.000 | 25 322 100 000.000 | 26 917 000 000.000 | 27 971 100 000.000 | 30 178 700 000.000 | 32 247 549 076.333 | 34 548 505 546.393 | 36 870 476 269.328 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2010 |  | 1.049 | 1.070 | 1.074 | 1.065 | 1.064 | 1.080 | 1.101 | 1.120 | 1.117 | 1.140 | 1.246 | 1.336 | 1.395 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2010 |  | 1.003 | 1.012 | 1.018 | 1.021 | 1.028 | 1.036 | 1.046 | 1.066 | 1.074 | 1.084 | 1.147 | 1.227 | 1.283 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2010 |  | 1.053 | 1.046 | 1.045 | 1.043 | 1.029 | 1.056 | 1.082 | 1.081 | 1.065 | 1.110 | 1.273 | 1.359 | 1.419 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2010 |  | 1.015 | 1.031 | 1.036 | 1.047 | 1.056 | 1.071 | 1.094 | 1.119 | 1.133 | 1.162 | 1.246 | 1.349 | 1.408 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2010 |  | 1.079 | 1.063 | 1.052 | 1.037 | 1.014 | 1.046 | 1.073 | 1.067 | 1.043 | 1.111 | 1.313 | 1.402 | 1.464 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.607 | 0.590 | 0.591 | 0.595 | 0.577 | 0.570 | 0.568 | 0.552 | 0.547 | 0.563 | 0.552 | 0.573 | 0.587 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 1 013 500.000 | 1 008 000.000 | 1 015 500.000 | 1 008 250.000 | 994 750.000 | 1 026 750.000 | 1 033 500.000 | 1 028 500.000 | 1 029 750.000 | 1 020 000.000 | 1 027 250.000 | 1 021 601.402 | 1 022 112.203 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 923 500.000 | 906 000.000 | 916 750.000 | 917 500.000 | 915 000.000 | 959 000.000 | 980 500.000 | 982 750.000 | 978 250.000 | 971 500.000 | 986 000.000 | 977 582.042 | 978 233.670 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 8.880 | 10.119 | 9.724 | 9.001 | 8.017 | 6.598 | 5.128 | 4.448 | 5.001 | 4.755 | 4.016 | 4.309 | 4.293 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 5.808 | 5.812 | 3.270 | 1.705 | 1.149 | 0.960 | 0.931 | 0.275 | 0.079 | 0.071 | 1.892 | 3.728 | 4.074 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.206 | 3.405 |