External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 2.323 | 2.958 | 3.062 | 3.398 | 3.562 | 3.500 | 3.478 | 3.254 | 2.709 | 4.137 | 1.429 | 3.110 | 3.009 | 3.080 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.753 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.885 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.876 | 0.845 | 0.949 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 4 702 811 893 560.940 | 4 797 594 506 342.750 | 5 015 858 392 981.030 | 5 336 825 749 722.800 | 5 495 781 295 003.390 | 5 826 298 429 942.730 | 6 030 864 930 024.640 | 6 223 089 645 436.470 | 5 640 619 069 887.660 | 6 276 157 076 856.870 | 6 735 687 007 717.510 | 6 717 412 488 196.100 | 6 786 433 899 774.190 | 6 954 127 029 858.060 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 4 456 203 352 026.320 | 4 535 110 451 562.690 | 4 745 675 545 204.610 | 5 076 972 653 366.850 | 5 259 541 015 194.720 | 5 562 074 776 907.300 | 5 763 673 050 088.830 | 5 996 501 300 602.720 | 5 449 185 310 215.310 | 6 005 556 991 729.510 | 6 464 259 672 867.790 | 6 437 143 599 697.450 | 6 511 697 337 241.870 | 6 667 971 294 698.110 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 4 209 594 810 491.710 | 4 272 626 396 782.640 | 4 475 492 697 428.180 | 4 817 119 557 010.890 | 5 023 300 735 386.070 | 5 297 851 123 871.860 | 5 496 481 170 153.020 | 5 769 912 955 768.970 | 5 257 751 550 542.970 | 5 734 956 906 602.150 | 6 192 832 338 018.060 | 6 156 874 711 198.790 | 6 236 960 774 709.540 | 6 381 815 559 538.160 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 105.708 | 107.164 | 113.157 | 110.691 | 109.858 | 106.262 | 102.986 | 103.866 | 121.926 | 115.492 | 96.429 | 95.951 | 96.845 | 97.269 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.800 | -3.067 | -2.477 | -1.990 | -1.475 | -0.940 | -0.426 | -0.648 | -7.057 | -5.271 | -3.635 | -3.269 | -2.949 | -2.561 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.179 | -0.664 | -0.214 | 0.027 | 0.384 | 0.781 | 1.192 | 0.773 | -5.730 | -3.987 | -2.121 | -1.664 | -1.101 | -0.532 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 93.066 | 95.319 | 95.494 | 93.526 | 92.658 | 90.121 | 88.101 | 86.005 | 99.301 | 96.771 | 92.723 | 92.219 | 93.082 | 93.478 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.010 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.001 | -0.003 | -0.003 | 0.006 | 0.004 | -0.003 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 2 133 357 021 974.200 | 2 138 667 636 568.520 | 2 155 040 549 697.830 | 2 183 758 640 511.000 | 2 226 123 800 869.350 | 2 250 455 030 020.360 | 2 273 265 783 407.670 | 2 312 330 278 670.190 | 2 334 797 374 590.990 | 2 433 341 627 011.690 | 2 470 584 016 859.720 | 2 473 055 928 334.600 | 2 492 030 318 647.080 | 2 510 789 192 767.980 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 1 995 697 664 447.320 | 1 980 747 735 985.650 | 2 047 952 446 772.540 | 2 136 348 615 581.140 | 2 218 205 289 039.960 | 2 338 759 354 835.430 | 2 414 588 925 220.770 | 2 540 817 998 987.250 | 2 352 589 555 313.830 | 2 492 326 859 185.680 | 2 594 781 686 622.920 | 2 596 280 680 456.340 | 2 624 289 136 289.400 | 2 663 827 133 516.290 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 9 809 976 523 009.630 | 9 915 907 612 303.950 | 10 151 742 094 335.200 | 10 493 371 603 294.100 | 10 780 703 921 815.500 | 11 201 772 958 944.900 | 11 571 277 590 728.200 | 11 956 700 530 110.400 | 11 421 059 525 623.700 | 12 362 414 112 970.700 | 13 374 630 131 748.300 | 14 213 648 096 368.500 | 14 723 164 844 916.100 | 15 265 193 370 443.500 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 10 175 151 174 997.000 | 10 159 111 041 159.000 | 10 301 846 090 755.000 | 10 493 371 603 294.100 | 10 685 473 098 877.600 | 10 981 500 877 475.900 | 11 172 810 952 711.800 | 11 350 099 586 720.100 | 10 643 184 489 856.100 | 11 266 211 432 003.600 | 11 651 595 113 085.000 | 11 721 125 124 833.600 | 11 824 520 975 824.100 | 11 997 319 314 784.300 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 2 014 128 667 934.350 | 1 970 427 376 797.140 | 1 998 934 363 247.130 | 2 086 545 199 306.000 | 2 165 881 437 934.440 | 2 256 165 771 410.670 | 2 327 212 129 593.770 | 2 483 826 314 119.670 | 2 328 205 201 801.350 | 2 409 242 066 315.940 | 2 475 492 745 370.300 | 2 504 070 147 028.150 | 2 522 901 731 745.800 | 2 561 515 836 979.870 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.015 | 0.003 | 0.001 | -0.003 | -0.004 | 0.005 | 0.000 | -0.007 | -0.006 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.002 | -0.001 | 0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 5 585 733 514 756.160 | 5 552 917 867 246.570 | 5 602 540 005 536.380 | 5 705 101 852 855.000 | 5 812 830 871 379.710 | 5 923 674 244 033.620 | 6 011 178 531 218.400 | 6 092 032 095 864.420 | 5 614 825 957 770.910 | 5 860 855 957 860.550 | 6 106 715 861 697.490 | 6 143 460 945 974.090 | 6 208 174 114 888.700 | 6 305 031 586 415.710 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.263 | 0.249 | 0.766 | 1.333 | 1.940 | 1.093 | 1.014 | 1.718 | 0.972 | 4.221 | 1.531 | 0.100 | 0.767 | 0.753 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.261 | 1.236 | 0.958 | 1.445 | 0.891 | 1.104 | 1.530 | 1.715 | 1.869 | 2.270 | 4.608 | 5.645 | 2.679 | 2.187 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | 0.444 | 1.080 | 2.378 | 3.365 | 2.738 | 3.906 | 3.299 | 3.331 | -4.480 | 8.242 | 8.188 | 6.273 | 3.585 | 3.681 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.814 | -0.158 | 1.405 | 1.859 | 1.831 | 2.770 | 1.742 | 1.587 | -6.228 | 5.854 | 3.421 | 0.597 | 0.882 | 1.461 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -2.996 | -2.170 | 1.447 | 4.383 | 3.802 | 4.168 | 3.149 | 6.730 | -6.265 | 3.481 | 2.750 | 1.154 | 0.752 | 1.531 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.522 | 1.070 | 0.766 | 1.042 | 0.836 | 1.002 | 1.014 | 1.038 | 0.702 | 1.387 | 3.950 | 5.064 | 3.123 | 2.332 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.487 | 1.339 | 0.420 | 0.181 | 0.243 | 1.538 | 1.765 | 1.188 | 0.256 | 2.560 | 8.407 | 5.537 | 2.941 | 2.253 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -1.003 | -0.587 | 0.894 | 1.831 | 1.888 | 1.907 | 1.477 | 1.345 | -7.833 | 4.382 | 4.195 | 0.602 | 1.053 | 1.560 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 5 766 950 269 222.300 | 5 792 710 228 646.310 | 5 878 058 798 834.650 | 6 004 003 155 989.090 | 6 158 984 228 868.220 | 6 339 010 619 097.560 | 6 549 785 027 236.030 | 6 744 259 405 670.250 | 6 766 462 144 277.600 | 7 013 527 223 629.430 | 7 466 413 711 109.500 | 7 966 988 799 905.100 | 8 325 132 321 823.500 | 8 633 668 381 240.580 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.981 | 0.994 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.002 | 1.018 | 1.036 | 1.048 | 1.051 | 1.078 | 1.168 | 1.233 | 1.269 | 1.298 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.972 | 0.982 | 0.990 | 1.000 | 1.008 | 1.018 | 1.029 | 1.039 | 1.047 | 1.061 | 1.103 | 1.159 | 1.195 | 1.223 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.964 | 0.976 | 0.986 | 1.000 | 1.009 | 1.020 | 1.036 | 1.053 | 1.073 | 1.097 | 1.148 | 1.213 | 1.245 | 1.273 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 158 708 893.207 | 158 879 849.659 | 159 123 897.851 | 159 535 372.397 | 160 801 074.382 | 161 454 655.299 | 162 055 948.473 | 162 758 664.335 | 160 915 579.445 | 163 012 392.801 | 165 654 170.742 | 167 763 286.318 | 168 831 047.358 | 169 904 112.018 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 140 543 249.972 | 139 697 240.735 | 140 583 513.174 | 142 153 442.410 | 144 629 667.568 | 146 756 715.008 | 148 731 516.769 | 150 393 523.437 | 148 158 803.223 | 150 405 990.575 | 154 506 154.121 | 156 885 226.196 | 157 708 814.246 | 158 791 517.252 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 11.446 | 12.074 | 11.652 | 10.895 | 10.057 | 9.103 | 8.222 | 7.597 | 7.928 | 7.733 | 6.730 | 6.484 | 6.588 | 6.541 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 3.666 | 2.860 | 1.958 | 1.143 | 0.784 | 1.032 | 1.077 | 0.391 | 0.004 | 0.037 | 1.828 | 3.162 | 4.117 | 4.200 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.576 | 0.222 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |