External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.726 | -2.791 | -1.583 | -0.562 | 1.624 | 1.267 | -0.134 | -0.574 | 2.601 | -4.199 | -4.010 | -4.340 | -4.438 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.772 | 0.752 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.961 | 1.025 | 1.025 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.295 | 1.330 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.043 | 0.976 | 0.976 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 14 916 681 334.737 | 15 015 027 196.337 | 15 956 721 437.447 | 16 431 222 913.070 | 17 081 168 932.698 | 18 166 164 037.256 | 18 966 403 452.207 | 19 373 420 283.381 | 19 306 599 058.582 | 20 449 083 136.925 | 21 800 514 790.737 | 21 581 967 844.705 | 22 113 643 005.601 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 15 543 095 757.453 | 15 581 974 321.053 | 16 289 294 544.949 | 16 663 851 404.930 | 17 289 896 239.423 | 18 580 624 591.329 | 19 583 000 561.007 | 20 099 003 515.885 | 20 031 379 124.473 | 22 185 279 296.286 | 23 975 223 444.455 | 23 826 924 991.401 | 24 397 602 805.532 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 16 169 510 180.170 | 16 148 921 445.768 | 16 621 867 652.452 | 16 896 479 896.790 | 17 498 623 546.149 | 18 995 085 145.402 | 20 199 597 669.807 | 20 824 586 748.388 | 20 756 159 190.363 | 23 921 475 455.647 | 26 149 932 098.174 | 26 071 882 138.097 | 26 681 562 605.464 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 33.720 | 29.825 | 32.024 | 33.396 | 37.736 | 35.832 | 36.037 | 36.299 | 38.021 | 37.441 | 37.441 | 37.441 | 37.441 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 49.771 | 47.576 | 52.049 | 47.676 | 51.361 | 48.383 | 46.951 | 48.066 | 54.423 | 57.464 | 61.260 | 63.919 | 64.650 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.411 | -1.221 | -1.583 | -1.425 | 0.023 | -0.769 | -0.839 | -0.566 | -4.341 | -6.976 | -6.504 | -4.137 | -2.368 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -0.018 | -0.005 | -0.586 | -0.458 | 0.851 | 0.015 | -0.176 | 0.069 | -3.740 | -6.537 | -6.098 | -3.577 | -1.660 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 42.401 | 40.318 | 41.556 | 36.989 | 40.298 | 38.884 | 36.990 | 36.537 | 41.957 | 43.591 | 47.387 | 50.047 | 50.777 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.025 | -0.014 | -0.001 | 0.018 | 0.015 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.040 | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 13 445 751 000.000 | 13 534 399 000.000 | 14 383 233 000.000 | 14 810 944 000.000 | 15 396 799 000.000 | 16 374 803 000.000 | 17 096 131 000.000 | 17 463 012 000.000 | 17 402 780 000.000 | 18 432 604 000.000 | 19 650 771 305.643 | 19 453 775 221.044 | 19 933 022 023.055 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 4 174 721 000.000 | 4 245 424 000.000 | 4 393 107 000.000 | 4 513 027 000.000 | 4 617 064 000.000 | 4 770 250 000.000 | 4 851 627 000.000 | 5 041 826 000.000 | 5 162 772 000.000 | 5 391 689 000.000 | 5 518 649 821.508 | 5 631 018 103.834 | 5 734 521 039.630 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 6 348 457 609.179 | 5 746 864 033.825 | 5 509 522 770.473 | 5 814 791 000.000 | 5 734 487 359.204 | 6 375 476 202.497 | 7 356 592 970.768 | 8 201 651 859.579 | 8 332 854 168.924 | 10 103 194 710.793 | 10 294 487 382.177 | 10 658 786 100.846 | 10 988 643 028.521 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 21 924 455 000.000 | 22 749 009 000.000 | 23 625 801 000.000 | 24 572 127 000.000 | 25 371 322 000.000 | 26 984 433 000.000 | 29 153 556 000.000 | 30 678 645 000.000 | 30 294 044 000.000 | 33 695 902 000.000 | 38 964 041 986.796 | 41 541 440 089.176 | 44 280 296 124.873 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 25 244 548 503.106 | 25 751 452 894.584 | 26 241 287 736.180 | 27 260 830 006.319 | 27 906 535 155.327 | 28 830 932 380.135 | 29 981 820 099.393 | 30 752 262 986.673 | 30 074 795 117.455 | 31 298 261 151.631 | 32 009 394 684.091 | 31 937 409 104.795 | 32 672 826 433.349 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 22 754 708 000.000 | 23 211 617 000.000 | 23 653 140 000.000 | 24 572 126 000.000 | 25 154 146 000.000 | 25 987 371 000.000 | 27 024 748 000.000 | 27 719 203 000.000 | 27 108 553 000.000 | 28 211 350 000.000 | 28 852 345 257.973 | 28 787 459 532.768 | 29 450 343 504.225 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 5 967 990 000.000 | 5 703 581 000.000 | 5 481 823 000.000 | 5 372 208 000.000 | 4 929 449 000.000 | 5 491 955 000.000 | 6 136 980 000.000 | 6 562 600 000.000 | 6 394 667 000.000 | 6 581 143 000.000 | 6 636 098 333.985 | 6 745 687 085.754 | 7 049 230 533.476 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 14 573 873 000.000 | 14 555 316 000.000 | 14 981 591 000.000 | 15 229 104 000.000 | 15 771 827 000.000 | 17 120 615 000.000 | 18 206 264 000.000 | 18 769 578 000.000 | 18 707 903 000.000 | 21 560 860 000.000 | 23 569 408 418.122 | 23 499 060 572.508 | 24 048 576 643.371 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.022 | 0.005 | 0.019 | 0.008 | 0.002 | -0.013 | -0.012 | -0.006 | 0.000 | -0.054 | -0.020 | -0.005 | -0.001 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 13 393 102 000.000 | 14 259 026 000.000 | 14 365 181 000.000 | 14 662 471 000.000 | 15 157 387 000.000 | 15 606 221 000.000 | 16 081 284 000.000 | 16 114 537 000.000 | 15 379 875 000.000 | 16 641 012 000.000 | 17 548 570 302.360 | 17 193 251 840.248 | 17 515 632 249.666 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 9.498 | 0.659 | 6.272 | 2.974 | 3.956 | 6.352 | 4.405 | 2.146 | -0.345 | 5.918 | 6.609 | -1.002 | 2.464 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.793 | 1.694 | 3.479 | 2.730 | 2.305 | 3.318 | 1.706 | 3.920 | 2.399 | 4.434 | 2.355 | 2.036 | 1.838 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.634 | 1.718 | 1.916 | 0.116 | 0.863 | 2.948 | 3.891 | 2.595 | 0.971 | 6.881 | 13.065 | 6.855 | 4.194 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | 10.932 | 3.761 | 3.854 | 4.005 | 3.252 | 6.358 | 8.038 | 5.231 | -1.254 | 11.229 | 15.634 | 6.615 | 6.593 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 7.042 | 2.008 | 1.902 | 3.885 | 2.369 | 3.312 | 3.992 | 2.570 | -2.203 | 4.068 | 2.272 | -0.225 | 2.303 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 17.660 | -4.430 | -3.888 | -2.000 | -8.242 | 11.411 | 11.745 | 6.935 | -2.559 | 2.916 | 0.835 | 1.651 | 4.500 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.303 | -0.092 | 1.669 | 1.464 | 1.170 | 1.672 | 1.913 | 2.220 | 0.887 | 1.888 | 7.204 | 6.900 | 4.549 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.285 | 0.011 | 0.690 | 0.213 | 0.099 | 2.894 | 2.554 | 2.747 | 0.081 | 3.239 | 16.986 | 10.700 | 5.003 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.247 | -0.127 | 2.929 | 1.652 | 3.564 | 8.552 | 6.341 | 3.094 | -0.329 | 15.250 | 9.316 | -0.298 | 2.338 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.629 | 6.465 | 0.744 | 2.070 | 3.375 | 2.961 | 3.044 | 0.207 | -4.559 | 8.200 | 5.454 | -2.025 | 1.875 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 11 761 901 000.000 | 12 128 690 000.000 | 12 924 469 000.000 | 13 675 880 000.000 | 14 469 177 000.000 | 15 280 945 000.000 | 16 427 437 000.000 | 17 304 855 000.000 | 17 752 156 000.000 | 19 821 422 000.000 | 22 397 933 144.910 | 23 991 475 115.481 | 25 683 490 691.949 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.991 | 0.991 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.030 | 1.056 | 1.085 | 1.086 | 1.121 | 1.312 | 1.452 | 1.525 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.970 | 0.969 | 0.986 | 1.000 | 1.012 | 1.029 | 1.048 | 1.072 | 1.081 | 1.101 | 1.181 | 1.262 | 1.320 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.002 | 1.015 | 1.005 | 1.000 | 0.982 | 1.015 | 1.048 | 1.051 | 1.043 | 1.160 | 1.368 | 1.467 | 1.521 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.964 | 0.980 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.009 | 1.038 | 1.079 | 1.107 | 1.118 | 1.194 | 1.350 | 1.443 | 1.504 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.005 | 1.012 | 1.010 | 1.000 | 0.953 | 0.981 | 0.995 | 0.988 | 0.954 | 1.045 | 1.250 | 1.353 | 1.403 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.506 | 0.499 | 0.498 | 0.498 | 0.485 | 0.485 | 0.490 | 0.502 | 0.493 | 0.506 | 0.526 | 0.526 | 0.526 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 1 030 533.333 | 1 014 350.000 | 992 300.000 | 994 541.667 | 988 766.667 | 980 308.333 | 982 025.000 | 971 233.333 | 971 716.667 | 934 508.333 | 946 425.125 | 954 250.176 | 958 334.745 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 875 691.667 | 894 050.000 | 884 866.667 | 896 225.000 | 893 433.333 | 894 850.000 | 909 291.667 | 910 075.000 | 893 083.333 | 863 991.667 | 883 210.608 | 887 280.939 | 892 706.680 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 15.025 | 11.860 | 10.827 | 9.886 | 9.642 | 8.717 | 7.406 | 6.297 | 8.092 | 7.546 | 6.679 | 7.018 | 6.848 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 4.565 | 3.340 | 2.508 | 0.963 | 0.534 | 0.834 | 0.903 | 0.343 | -0.063 | -0.002 | 2.419 | 5.707 | 5.619 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.888 | 0.363 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.499 | 3.838 | 3.900 |