External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.726 | -2.791 | -1.625 | -0.610 | 1.577 | 1.223 | -0.172 | -0.615 | 2.909 | -3.934 | -4.713 | -3.193 | -3.531 | -3.868 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.772 | 0.752 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.295 | 1.330 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 14 916 678 586.046 | 15 015 024 429.524 | 15 956 718 497.108 | 16 431 219 885.295 | 17 081 165 785.158 | 18 166 160 689.784 | 18 966 399 957.276 | 19 212 524 164.918 | 19 280 735 452.101 | 21 024 601 357.109 | 23 193 203 310.456 | 22 401 465 517.135 | 22 631 137 605.314 | 23 297 251 409.683 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 15 544 071 917.939 | 15 582 947 678.176 | 16 296 048 167.701 | 16 670 250 222.191 | 17 296 668 941.544 | 18 587 432 528.752 | 19 589 916 694.368 | 19 937 767 797.590 | 19 853 779 499.758 | 22 263 926 535.642 | 24 651 904 076.788 | 24 081 451 974.996 | 24 297 468 237.482 | 25 065 879 771.424 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 16 171 465 249.832 | 16 150 870 926.827 | 16 635 377 838.293 | 16 909 280 559.087 | 17 512 172 097.929 | 19 008 704 367.721 | 20 213 433 431.460 | 20 663 011 430.263 | 20 426 823 547.414 | 23 503 251 714.175 | 26 110 604 843.120 | 25 761 438 432.858 | 25 963 798 869.649 | 26 834 508 133.165 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 33.707 | 29.812 | 32.012 | 33.379 | 37.724 | 36.351 | 36.640 | 36.945 | 38.769 | 38.202 | 33.445 | 31.801 | 30.265 | 28.553 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 49.771 | 47.149 | 51.499 | 47.167 | 50.888 | 47.965 | 46.588 | 47.899 | 54.445 | 57.816 | 49.830 | 50.657 | 51.090 | 50.491 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.411 | -1.221 | -1.614 | -1.477 | -0.023 | -0.294 | -0.744 | -0.487 | -4.460 | -7.181 | -4.603 | -3.278 | -2.894 | -2.314 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -0.018 | -0.005 | -0.634 | -0.505 | 0.805 | 0.490 | -0.081 | 0.150 | -3.855 | -6.738 | -4.247 | -2.840 | -2.288 | -1.551 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 42.401 | 40.318 | 41.556 | 36.989 | 40.298 | 38.884 | 36.990 | 36.664 | 42.215 | 44.045 | 41.030 | 41.856 | 42.290 | 41.691 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.025 | -0.015 | -0.001 | 0.019 | 0.015 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.002 | -0.020 | 0.040 | 0.002 | 0.005 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 13 445 751 000.000 | 13 534 399 000.000 | 14 383 233 000.000 | 14 810 944 000.000 | 15 396 799 000.000 | 16 374 803 000.000 | 17 096 131 000.000 | 17 317 985 000.000 | 17 379 470 000.000 | 18 951 374 000.000 | 20 906 131 000.000 | 20 192 466 147.273 | 20 399 490 364.594 | 20 999 918 958.637 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 4 155 212 000.000 | 4 215 996 000.000 | 4 378 203 000.000 | 4 442 450 000.000 | 4 534 469 000.000 | 4 692 223 000.000 | 4 774 264 000.000 | 5 040 286 000.000 | 5 146 607 000.000 | 5 327 162 000.000 | 5 478 779 000.000 | 5 721 582 504.406 | 5 766 012 824.857 | 5 820 795 378.890 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 6 352 822 617.690 | 5 750 929 632.647 | 5 513 983 527.331 | 5 849 412 389.000 | 5 768 546 482.299 | 6 415 811 458.326 | 7 416 186 094.439 | 7 581 092 173.629 | 6 773 492 617.610 | 8 561 235 971.967 | 8 669 984 636.663 | 9 236 081 678.440 | 9 375 945 810.990 | 9 720 423 776.863 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 21 924 454 534.000 | 22 749 009 779.000 | 23 625 801 586.000 | 24 572 126 389.000 | 25 371 324 089.000 | 26 984 432 774.000 | 29 153 556 467.000 | 30 572 869 102.000 | 30 109 462 401.000 | 33 348 931 300.000 | 38 870 027 696.000 | 40 885 787 919.420 | 42 993 823 243.109 | 45 623 891 635.432 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 25 244 581 679.080 | 25 751 484 972.688 | 26 241 322 265.289 | 27 260 866 140.314 | 27 906 570 660.580 | 28 830 968 755.479 | 29 981 473 987.684 | 30 157 616 323.674 | 29 097 937 981.369 | 31 056 733 785.218 | 32 099 765 333.953 | 32 061 819 567.546 | 32 682 093 500.420 | 33 560 173 524.909 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 22 754 708 102.000 | 23 211 615 514.000 | 23 653 140 145.000 | 24 572 126 388.000 | 25 154 145 059.000 | 25 987 369 752.000 | 27 024 400 631.000 | 27 183 170 045.000 | 26 228 007 798.000 | 27 993 607 534.000 | 28 933 764 861.000 | 28 899 561 686.264 | 29 458 657 989.196 | 30 250 132 963.963 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 5 967 987 000.000 | 5 703 576 000.000 | 5 481 820 000.000 | 5 372 208 000.000 | 4 929 450 000.000 | 5 491 955 000.000 | 6 136 979 000.000 | 6 228 635 000.000 | 6 094 383 000.000 | 6 534 582 000.000 | 6 570 899 000.000 | 6 936 763 326.320 | 7 086 825 441.713 | 7 366 962 528.671 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 14 575 606 000.000 | 14 557 044 000.000 | 14 993 738 000.000 | 15 240 611 000.000 | 15 784 007 000.000 | 17 132 856 000.000 | 18 218 698 000.000 | 18 623 910 000.000 | 18 411 030 000.000 | 21 183 865 000.000 | 23 533 915 000.000 | 23 219 205 606.276 | 23 401 596 376.134 | 24 186 380 869.654 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.022 | 0.005 | 0.018 | 0.008 | 0.002 | -0.013 | -0.012 | -0.006 | 0.009 | -0.035 | -0.009 | -0.014 | 0.001 | -0.004 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 13 410 860 000.000 | 14 282 745 000.000 | 14 386 978 000.000 | 14 709 928 000.000 | 15 223 715 000.000 | 15 669 319 000.000 | 16 144 199 000.000 | 16 147 659 000.000 | 15 450 178 000.000 | 16 575 666 000.000 | 17 568 192 000.000 | 17 280 957 974.769 | 17 651 078 833.605 | 18 230 391 203.845 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 9.498 | 0.659 | 6.272 | 2.974 | 3.956 | 6.352 | 4.405 | 1.298 | 0.355 | 9.045 | 10.315 | -3.414 | 1.025 | 2.943 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.725 | 1.463 | 3.847 | 1.467 | 2.071 | 3.479 | 1.748 | 5.572 | 2.109 | 3.508 | 2.846 | 4.432 | 0.777 | 0.950 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.634 | 1.718 | 1.916 | 0.116 | 0.863 | 2.948 | 3.893 | 4.256 | 2.071 | 3.773 | 12.768 | 5.310 | 3.160 | 3.341 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | 10.932 | 3.761 | 3.854 | 4.005 | 3.252 | 6.358 | 8.038 | 4.868 | -1.516 | 10.759 | 16.556 | 5.186 | 5.156 | 6.117 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 7.042 | 2.008 | 1.902 | 3.885 | 2.369 | 3.312 | 3.991 | 0.588 | -3.514 | 6.732 | 3.358 | -0.118 | 1.935 | 2.687 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 17.660 | -4.430 | -3.888 | -2.000 | -8.242 | 11.411 | 11.745 | 1.494 | -2.155 | 7.223 | 0.556 | 5.568 | 2.163 | 3.953 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.303 | -0.092 | 1.669 | 1.464 | 1.170 | 1.672 | 1.913 | 2.220 | 0.887 | 1.888 | 7.602 | 8.726 | 4.250 | 3.285 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.285 | 0.011 | 0.690 | 0.213 | 0.099 | 2.894 | 2.554 | 2.747 | 0.081 | 3.239 | 17.245 | 9.392 | 3.056 | 3.279 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.247 | -0.127 | 3.000 | 1.647 | 3.565 | 8.546 | 6.338 | 2.224 | -1.143 | 15.061 | 11.094 | -1.337 | 0.786 | 3.354 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.633 | 6.501 | 0.730 | 2.245 | 3.493 | 2.927 | 3.031 | 0.021 | -4.319 | 7.285 | 5.988 | -1.635 | 2.142 | 3.282 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 11 850 436 000.000 | 12 220 903 000.000 | 12 834 505 000.000 | 13 580 055 000.000 | 14 367 863 000.000 | 15 384 102 000.000 | 16 543 672 000.000 | 17 325 179 000.000 | 17 592 069 000.000 | 18 823 325 000.000 | 20 947 690 000.000 | 22 966 008 962.784 | 24 206 211 405.468 | 25 818 585 620.637 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.991 | 0.991 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.030 | 1.056 | 1.085 | 1.086 | 1.121 | 1.315 | 1.438 | 1.482 | 1.531 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.970 | 0.969 | 0.986 | 1.000 | 1.012 | 1.029 | 1.048 | 1.072 | 1.081 | 1.101 | 1.185 | 1.289 | 1.343 | 1.388 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.002 | 1.015 | 1.005 | 1.000 | 0.982 | 1.015 | 1.048 | 1.060 | 1.052 | 1.137 | 1.338 | 1.322 | 1.330 | 1.359 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.964 | 0.980 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.009 | 1.038 | 1.079 | 1.125 | 1.148 | 1.191 | 1.343 | 1.415 | 1.459 | 1.508 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.005 | 1.012 | 1.010 | 1.000 | 0.953 | 0.981 | 0.995 | 0.997 | 0.972 | 1.066 | 1.264 | 1.220 | 1.235 | 1.264 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.506 | 0.499 | 0.498 | 0.498 | 0.485 | 0.485 | 0.490 | 0.487 | 0.483 | 0.509 | 0.519 | 0.530 | 0.528 | 0.536 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 1 030 483.333 | 1 014 366.667 | 992 358.333 | 994 583.333 | 988 791.667 | 980 241.667 | 982 008.333 | 971 233.333 | 971 750.000 | 934 583.333 | 951 166.667 | 946 673.286 | 945 054.411 | 945 355.205 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 875 650.000 | 894 058.333 | 884 925.000 | 896 283.333 | 893 441.667 | 894 833.333 | 909 291.667 | 910 058.333 | 893 075.000 | 864 016.667 | 886 125.000 | 885 692.459 | 883 334.351 | 884 825.324 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 15.025 | 11.860 | 10.826 | 9.884 | 9.643 | 8.713 | 7.405 | 6.299 | 8.096 | 7.551 | 6.838 | 6.442 | 6.531 | 6.403 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 4.565 | 3.340 | 2.508 | 0.963 | 0.534 | 0.834 | 0.903 | 0.343 | -0.063 | -0.003 | 2.273 | 3.848 | 4.620 | 4.656 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.888 | 0.363 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |