External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.579 | 1.573 | 3.361 | -2.555 | -0.822 | 0.396 | 0.172 | 3.475 | 7.600 | 1.385 | -5.442 | -0.348 | -1.505 | -0.364 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.753 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.285 | 1.328 | 1.330 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 26 415 164 051.829 | 28 335 481 937.174 | 27 819 016 494.821 | 28 492 430 464.107 | 29 896 301 631.766 | 33 938 620 005.525 | 36 248 466 660.222 | 39 897 657 219.614 | 39 983 273 028.059 | 46 797 311 501.634 | 52 501 398 272.121 | 51 055 252 318.700 | 51 996 605 804.855 | 54 301 557 890.679 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 25 912 820 533.063 | 27 611 330 009.198 | 27 128 316 527.169 | 28 701 392 397.573 | 29 987 545 080.338 | 33 684 186 947.342 | 35 846 175 940.569 | 38 734 975 094.680 | 37 960 732 393.827 | 44 949 589 273.891 | 50 478 296 736.685 | 48 664 965 898.152 | 49 772 834 013.934 | 51 995 768 001.910 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 25 410 477 014.297 | 26 887 178 081.221 | 26 437 616 559.516 | 28 910 354 331.039 | 30 078 788 528.910 | 33 429 753 889.160 | 35 443 885 220.916 | 37 572 292 969.746 | 35 938 191 759.595 | 43 101 867 046.149 | 48 455 195 201.248 | 46 274 679 477.605 | 47 549 062 223.012 | 49 689 978 113.141 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 24.957 | 22.276 | 27.834 | 30.752 | 30.225 | 30.544 | 26.176 | 31.004 | 34.654 | 33.574 | 28.547 | 28.547 | 28.547 | 28.547 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 51.266 | 48.877 | 52.635 | 53.415 | 50.936 | 47.074 | 40.683 | 44.484 | 55.198 | 50.381 | 37.884 | 39.827 | 42.585 | 44.430 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.171 | -2.626 | -0.602 | -0.299 | 0.252 | 0.417 | 0.537 | 0.488 | -6.490 | -1.148 | -0.653 | -2.624 | -3.354 | -2.661 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -1.284 | -0.916 | 0.948 | 1.168 | 1.524 | 1.486 | 1.379 | 1.315 | -5.841 | -0.731 | -0.377 | -2.365 | -3.064 | -2.314 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 39.701 | 38.673 | 40.533 | 42.524 | 39.719 | 39.124 | 33.663 | 35.797 | 46.242 | 43.442 | 38.090 | 40.033 | 42.791 | 44.636 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.020 | -0.019 | 0.003 | 0.034 | -0.013 | -0.014 | -0.010 | -0.016 | -0.010 | -0.004 | 0.000 | -0.033 | -0.004 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 23 812 866 120.000 | 25 544 003 304.000 | 25 078 417 612.000 | 25 685 489 999.000 | 26 951 058 371.000 | 30 595 146 519.000 | 32 677 437 927.000 | 35 967 127 367.000 | 36 044 308 708.000 | 42 187 060 106.000 | 47 329 207 031.000 | 46 025 528 586.632 | 46 874 144 347.391 | 48 952 023 376.461 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 6 355 814 396.000 | 6 399 997 295.000 | 6 417 963 539.000 | 6 428 192 502.000 | 6 437 779 994.000 | 6 415 370 127.000 | 6 428 974 429.000 | 6 411 023 553.000 | 6 321 346 129.000 | 6 397 162 308.000 | 6 421 260 190.000 | 6 423 617 213.636 | 6 466 898 691.088 | 6 590 983 505.224 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 6 228 364 543.000 | 6 093 736 660.000 | 6 508 391 322.000 | 7 943 340 781.000 | 7 708 455 210.000 | 7 870 506 180.000 | 8 274 939 143.000 | 8 218 986 052.000 | 7 720 693 845.000 | 8 587 618 995.000 | 8 937 671 438.000 | 8 347 926 748.104 | 8 475 303 340.484 | 8 773 783 573.052 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 33 410 162 713.000 | 35 039 540 624.000 | 36 581 310 773.000 | 37 345 698 272.000 | 38 889 862 366.000 | 42 276 297 249.000 | 45 515 225 950.000 | 48 959 160 477.000 | 49 873 172 425.000 | 56 478 107 351.000 | 67 399 061 872.000 | 72 708 414 677.891 | 76 764 137 393.534 | 81 504 445 617.915 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 76 574 804 059.751 | 79 293 264 129.038 | 82 097 876 469.694 | 83 760 016 692.460 | 85 869 786 187.834 | 89 547 244 218.431 | 93 123 143 527.429 | 97 467 970 474.214 | 97 443 980 205.874 | 103 568 052 461.659 | 106 095 294 388.076 | 105 638 955 394.143 | 107 444 171 166.888 | 110 762 859 069.124 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 37 877 794 094.612 | 39 222 482 755.892 | 40 609 786 713.884 | 41 431 965 835.167 | 42 475 565 169.362 | 44 294 623 014.627 | 46 063 444 749.040 | 48 212 617 214.942 | 48 200 750 407.634 | 51 230 028 128.594 | 52 480 130 567.530 | 52 254 402 083.314 | 53 147 353 651.078 | 54 788 945 537.191 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 34 142 060 144.000 | 35 354 127 590.000 | 36 604 607 358.000 | 37 345 698 271.000 | 38 286 371 615.000 | 39 926 023 127.000 | 41 520 393 113.000 | 43 457 601 373.000 | 43 446 904 941.000 | 46 177 417 227.000 | 47 304 227 108.000 | 47 100 761 313.106 | 47 905 644 671.839 | 49 385 332 975.957 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 6 100 940 863.000 | 6 607 286 777.000 | 6 984 746 126.000 | 7 323 926 980.000 | 7 571 054 142.000 | 8 245 201 491.000 | 9 071 739 038.000 | 9 716 273 517.000 | 9 697 890 409.000 | 10 606 330 988.000 | 10 989 167 870.000 | 11 794 987 328.373 | 12 179 751 951.556 | 12 568 161 181.114 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 22 903 287 063.000 | 24 234 285 628.000 | 23 829 081 248.000 | 26 057 839 999.000 | 27 110 987 637.000 | 30 131 321 397.000 | 31 946 723 290.000 | 33 865 126 224.000 | 32 392 257 805.000 | 38 849 110 678.000 | 43 674 238 967.000 | 41 708 869 425.299 | 42 857 511 925.390 | 44 787 188 852.815 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.040 | 0.012 | -0.001 | -0.048 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.032 | 0.033 | -0.003 | 0.004 | 0.016 | -0.006 | 0.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 20 743 316 033.000 | 21 637 294 579.000 | 22 436 755 600.000 | 23 346 514 990.000 | 24 300 065 680.000 | 25 166 446 243.000 | 26 080 298 261.000 | 26 795 381 039.000 | 25 900 423 848.000 | 28 007 472 856.000 | 28 576 877 135.000 | 28 440 327 412.344 | 29 354 460 848.408 | 30 327 175 975.296 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 10.848 | 7.270 | -1.823 | 2.421 | 4.927 | 13.521 | 6.806 | 10.067 | 0.215 | 17.042 | 12.189 | -2.754 | 1.844 | 4.433 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.304 | 0.695 | 0.281 | 0.159 | 0.149 | -0.348 | 0.212 | -0.279 | -1.399 | 1.199 | 0.377 | 0.037 | 0.674 | 1.919 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.734 | 1.281 | 0.834 | 0.064 | 1.576 | 4.243 | 3.527 | 2.772 | 1.892 | 6.547 | 16.494 | 8.343 | 3.804 | 2.994 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | 6.683 | 4.877 | 4.400 | 2.090 | 4.135 | 8.708 | 7.661 | 7.567 | 1.867 | 13.243 | 19.337 | 7.877 | 5.578 | 6.175 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.844 | 3.550 | 3.537 | 2.025 | 2.519 | 4.283 | 3.993 | 4.666 | -0.025 | 6.285 | 2.440 | -0.430 | 1.709 | 3.089 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -1.778 | 8.299 | 5.713 | 4.856 | 3.374 | 8.904 | 10.024 | 7.105 | -0.189 | 9.367 | 3.610 | 7.333 | 3.262 | 3.189 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.009 | 1.416 | 0.705 | 1.883 | 1.727 | 2.639 | 1.880 | 2.319 | 2.600 | 3.425 | 10.464 | 9.730 | 4.024 | 2.216 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.164 | 1.164 | 0.242 | -0.677 | 0.678 | 3.718 | 2.531 | 2.242 | 1.062 | 4.625 | 18.858 | 8.776 | 2.030 | 2.124 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.170 | 5.811 | -1.672 | 9.353 | 4.042 | 11.141 | 6.025 | 6.005 | -4.349 | 19.933 | 12.420 | -4.500 | 2.754 | 4.503 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 3.086 | 4.310 | 3.695 | 4.055 | 4.084 | 3.565 | 3.631 | 2.742 | -3.340 | 8.135 | 2.033 | -0.478 | 3.214 | 3.314 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 20 414 176 411.000 | 21 330 808 193.000 | 21 586 451 893.000 | 22 243 458 528.000 | 23 932 338 813.000 | 24 994 200 804.000 | 26 617 206 647.000 | 29 345 368 087.000 | 32 052 406 012.000 | 34 685 285 819.000 | 39 249 025 579.000 | 45 565 341 977.420 | 52 335 335 250.062 | 56 188 747 661.797 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.993 | 1.004 | 1.007 | 1.000 | 1.007 | 1.044 | 1.071 | 1.095 | 1.106 | 1.157 | 1.376 | 1.496 | 1.527 | 1.559 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.961 | 0.975 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.017 | 1.044 | 1.064 | 1.088 | 1.117 | 1.155 | 1.276 | 1.400 | 1.456 | 1.489 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.098 | 1.079 | 1.054 | 1.000 | 0.975 | 1.017 | 1.048 | 1.051 | 1.011 | 1.072 | 1.237 | 1.230 | 1.242 | 1.279 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.979 | 0.991 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.016 | 1.059 | 1.096 | 1.127 | 1.148 | 1.223 | 1.425 | 1.544 | 1.602 | 1.650 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.132 | 1.116 | 1.082 | 1.000 | 0.959 | 1.000 | 1.046 | 1.040 | 0.983 | 1.099 | 1.371 | 1.314 | 1.322 | 1.343 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.453 | 0.443 | 0.443 | 0.446 | 0.438 | 0.443 | 0.447 | 0.438 | 0.444 | 0.458 | 0.487 | 0.508 | 0.514 | 0.521 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 1 472 550.000 | 1 465 225.000 | 1 477 050.000 | 1 468 875.000 | 1 477 550.000 | 1 457 925.000 | 1 464 750.000 | 1 470 375.000 | 1 484 125.000 | 1 473 425.000 | 1 510 150.000 | 1 542 234.138 | 1 552 379.683 | 1 539 139.099 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 1 275 750.000 | 1 292 775.000 | 1 319 025.000 | 1 334 925.000 | 1 361 400.000 | 1 354 800.000 | 1 374 700.000 | 1 378 400.000 | 1 358 150.000 | 1 368 650.000 | 1 420 825.000 | 1 438 031.344 | 1 460 153.377 | 1 468 305.263 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 13.365 | 11.770 | 10.699 | 9.119 | 7.861 | 7.073 | 6.148 | 6.255 | 8.488 | 7.111 | 5.915 | 6.757 | 5.941 | 4.602 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 5.194 | 4.020 | 2.812 | 1.375 | 0.867 | 0.797 | 1.171 | 0.706 | 0.268 | 0.182 | 2.608 | 4.301 | 5.055 | 5.136 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 1.082 | 0.510 | 0.327 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |