Database Specific
Database Specific Abstract AbstractThe OECD FISH Unit, in collaboration with the Environment Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, has developed patent-based innovation indicators that are suitable for tracking developments in fisheries-related technologies.
The search strategy for fisheries and aquaculture related technologies adopts a mixed solution with a definition of the technical field of interest in fisheries and aquaculture innovation complemented by keywords, e.g. by looking for keywords in the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes and checking manually the relevance of the results in the text of patents (in the title, the abstract, etc).
The indicators allow the assessment of countries' and firms' innovative performance as well as the design of governments' fisheries, aquaculture and innovation policies.
For more information on patent data and other work on patent statistics at the OECD, see:
Source Source Contact person/organisation Contact person/organisationOECD statistics contact: TAD.contact@oecd.org
Data source(s) used Data source(s) usedThe patent statistics presented here are constructed using data extracted from the Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) of the European Patent Office (EPO) using algorithms developed by the OECD. Statistics have been compiled according to the methodology presented on the OECD Patent Statistics Manual.
Data here have been extracted in January 2019.
Data Characteristics Data Characteristics Variables collected Variables collectedThe dataset Fisheries technology diffusion provides the number of inventions that seek patent protection through national, regional or international routes (equivalents of the priority application, pertaining to the same simple patent family) in a given jurisdiction. It shows the extent to which firms and individuals seek to "protect" the relevant markets for their inventions (including both domestic and foreign inventions). The indicator is disaggregated by:
• Patent office - integer counts of patent applications deposited in different geographic jurisdictions (national and regional application authorities);
• Coverage – this is estimated as the proportion of months in a year with the evidence of at least one patent document deposited at the patent office, based on the bibliographic information provided by the EPO concerning the contents of the master database from which PATSTAT is drawn; it allows displaying statistics based on all available data ("full dataset, with no restriction on coverage") or only for offices with data availability above a certain threshold (90%) in a given year ("conservative coverage"). While for most OECD countries data availability is complete, this distinction might be important particularly for some non-OECD countries; low coverage might underestimate actual performance. The geographical scope of protection, as reflected in international patent grants for a given invention, reflects the market coverage of an invention: the higher the number of countries in which protection has been sought, the greater the potential for commercialisation and profit. However, it does potentially compromise our ability to identify inventions that have sought protection only in one jurisdiction (singletons) with incomplete coverage, or duplicate applications of foreign patents (duplicates) registered in jurisdictions with incomplete coverage. While country coverage is an important piece of information to assess patenting trends in general, it is particularly so with respect to developing countries for whom the coverage varies most.
• Technology domain – the three main areas of innovation in fisheries and aquaculture, related to technology development. In detail:
1. Harvesting technology such as more effective ways to find or harvest fish and which are typically associated with improvements in catch per unit of effort (e.g. type/size of vessels and their methods of propulsion, search technologies, method of catching or harvesting fish and bringing them on board);
2. Aquaculture technology such as methods to more effectively grow fish in captivity (innovation in feeds, improving the health of aquaculture animals, etc.);
3. New products and markets such as the development of new fish products and markets (food technologies/processing such as the development of surimi as a crabmeat substitute) and the improvement of market access (secure or enlarge markets for fish products) that provides important incentives for green growth (e.g. eco-certification with fishers adopting by-catch saving technologies or modifying fishing practices and/or territorial user rights in fisheries).
Note that the total count for aggregate technological domains is provided separately to avoid double-counting of inventions. For example, the count of "selected fisheries-related technologies" is less or equal to the sum of its sub-components (Harvesting technology, Aquaculture technology and New products and markets). This is because patents are commonly classified in more than one technology class. Therefore each patent (invention) is counted only once when aggregating across technological domains.
Concepts & Classifications Concepts & Classifications Key statistical concept Key statistical conceptThe patent statistics presented here are constructed using data extracted from the Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) of the European Patent Office (EPO) using algorithms developed by the OECD. Statistics have been compiled according to the methodology presented on the OECD Patent Statistics Manual.
Consistent with other patent statistics provided in OECD.Stat, only published applications for patents of invention are considered (i.e. excluding utility models, petty patents, etc.).
The relevant patent documents are identified using search strategies for fisheries-related technologies based on the methodology developed by the Environment Directorate. They allow identifying technologies relevant to the following three domains: Harvesting or fishing technologies, Aquaculture technologies and New products and markets.
The development and global diffusion of fisheries-related technologies is key for cost-efficient achievement of sustainable policy objectives. Consequently the statistics presented here are based on the concept of a patent family which is defined as all patent applications filed in different countries and protecting the same invention (or priority as defined by the Paris Convention). They are also referred to as simple patent family (For further details, see Martinez 2010, Insight into different types of patent families).
At its most basic, the family comprises a priority patent application, which is the first application filed to protect the invention, generally in the inventor’s country, and all subsequent patent applications that relate to it. Subsequent patent applications are filed in other countries one year after the priority patent application in order to extend the geographical coverage of protection.
If in the subsequent patent applications, the priority filing date is kept, we refer to them as equivalent patents; if instead in each subsequent patent application the application date is preferred, then we talk about simple patent families.
A patent can be attributed to the applicant (the patentee at the date of application) or the inventor or the country where it has been filed first (priority application).
Regarding the attribution of dates, a patent has several of them: the priority filing date (i.e. first patent application worldwide, normally done in the inventor’s country), the date of application in a given country (i.e. subsequent patent applications, to extend the coverage of protection), the date of publication, or the date of grant. Depending on the selection made, the resulting indicators will give substantially different results. The statistics presented here are based on the application date, i.e. the date of patent application filing with a given patent office.
The OECD FISH Unit, in collaboration with the Environment Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, has developed patent-based innovation indicators that are suitable for tracking developments in fisheries-related technologies.
The search strategy for fisheries and aquaculture related technologies adopts a mixed solution with a definition of the technical field of interest in fisheries and aquaculture innovation complemented by keywords, e.g. by looking for keywords in the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes and checking manually the relevance of the results in the text of patents (in the title, the abstract, etc).
The indicators allow the assessment of countries' and firms' innovative performance as well as the design of governments' fisheries, aquaculture and innovation policies.
For more information on patent data and other work on patent statistics at the OECD, see:
OECD statistics contact: TAD.contact@oecd.org
The patent statistics presented here are constructed using data extracted from the Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) of the European Patent Office (EPO) using algorithms developed by the OECD. Statistics have been compiled according to the methodology presented on the OECD Patent Statistics Manual.
Data here have been extracted in January 2019.
The dataset Fisheries technology diffusion provides the number of inventions that seek patent protection through national, regional or international routes (equivalents of the priority application, pertaining to the same simple patent family) in a given jurisdiction. It shows the extent to which firms and individuals seek to "protect" the relevant markets for their inventions (including both domestic and foreign inventions). The indicator is disaggregated by:
• Patent office - integer counts of patent applications deposited in different geographic jurisdictions (national and regional application authorities);
• Coverage – this is estimated as the proportion of months in a year with the evidence of at least one patent document deposited at the patent office, based on the bibliographic information provided by the EPO concerning the contents of the master database from which PATSTAT is drawn; it allows displaying statistics based on all available data ("full dataset, with no restriction on coverage") or only for offices with data availability above a certain threshold (90%) in a given year ("conservative coverage"). While for most OECD countries data availability is complete, this distinction might be important particularly for some non-OECD countries; low coverage might underestimate actual performance. The geographical scope of protection, as reflected in international patent grants for a given invention, reflects the market coverage of an invention: the higher the number of countries in which protection has been sought, the greater the potential for commercialisation and profit. However, it does potentially compromise our ability to identify inventions that have sought protection only in one jurisdiction (singletons) with incomplete coverage, or duplicate applications of foreign patents (duplicates) registered in jurisdictions with incomplete coverage. While country coverage is an important piece of information to assess patenting trends in general, it is particularly so with respect to developing countries for whom the coverage varies most.
• Technology domain – the three main areas of innovation in fisheries and aquaculture, related to technology development. In detail:
1. Harvesting technology such as more effective ways to find or harvest fish and which are typically associated with improvements in catch per unit of effort (e.g. type/size of vessels and their methods of propulsion, search technologies, method of catching or harvesting fish and bringing them on board);
2. Aquaculture technology such as methods to more effectively grow fish in captivity (innovation in feeds, improving the health of aquaculture animals, etc.);
3. New products and markets such as the development of new fish products and markets (food technologies/processing such as the development of surimi as a crabmeat substitute) and the improvement of market access (secure or enlarge markets for fish products) that provides important incentives for green growth (e.g. eco-certification with fishers adopting by-catch saving technologies or modifying fishing practices and/or territorial user rights in fisheries).
Note that the total count for aggregate technological domains is provided separately to avoid double-counting of inventions. For example, the count of "selected fisheries-related technologies" is less or equal to the sum of its sub-components (Harvesting technology, Aquaculture technology and New products and markets). This is because patents are commonly classified in more than one technology class. Therefore each patent (invention) is counted only once when aggregating across technological domains.
The patent statistics presented here are constructed using data extracted from the Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT) of the European Patent Office (EPO) using algorithms developed by the OECD. Statistics have been compiled according to the methodology presented on the OECD Patent Statistics Manual.
Consistent with other patent statistics provided in OECD.Stat, only published applications for patents of invention are considered (i.e. excluding utility models, petty patents, etc.).
The relevant patent documents are identified using search strategies for fisheries-related technologies based on the methodology developed by the Environment Directorate. They allow identifying technologies relevant to the following three domains: Harvesting or fishing technologies, Aquaculture technologies and New products and markets.
The development and global diffusion of fisheries-related technologies is key for cost-efficient achievement of sustainable policy objectives. Consequently the statistics presented here are based on the concept of a patent family which is defined as all patent applications filed in different countries and protecting the same invention (or priority as defined by the Paris Convention). They are also referred to as simple patent family (For further details, see Martinez 2010, Insight into different types of patent families).
At its most basic, the family comprises a priority patent application, which is the first application filed to protect the invention, generally in the inventor’s country, and all subsequent patent applications that relate to it. Subsequent patent applications are filed in other countries one year after the priority patent application in order to extend the geographical coverage of protection.
If in the subsequent patent applications, the priority filing date is kept, we refer to them as equivalent patents; if instead in each subsequent patent application the application date is preferred, then we talk about simple patent families.
A patent can be attributed to the applicant (the patentee at the date of application) or the inventor or the country where it has been filed first (priority application).
Regarding the attribution of dates, a patent has several of them: the priority filing date (i.e. first patent application worldwide, normally done in the inventor’s country), the date of application in a given country (i.e. subsequent patent applications, to extend the coverage of protection), the date of publication, or the date of grant. Depending on the selection made, the resulting indicators will give substantially different results. The statistics presented here are based on the application date, i.e. the date of patent application filing with a given patent office.