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Sector of employment
Total intramural
Field of R&D
Total
Function
Total internal personnel
Researchers
Gender
Total
Female
Measure
Full time equivalent
Unit
Full time equivalent
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Country
Austria
(
D
)
34 664
(
D
E
)
36 581
(
D
)
37 114
(
D
E
)
39 701
(
D
)
40 426
(
D
E
)
42 805
(
D
)
43 562
(
D
E
)
45 699
(
D
)
47 521
..
Belgium
38 225
40 832
42 686
45 597
46 355
50 820
53 178
..
..
..
Canada
150 220
158 660
165 100
161 590
163 180
(
B
)
162 090
..
155 128
..
..
Chile
(
D
m
)
4 859
(
D
m
)
5 440
(
D
)
6 078.4
(
D
)
6 798.01
(
D
)
5 892.899
(
D
)
7 585.24
(
D
)
8 175.327
(
D
)
8 985.422
(
D
P
)
9 111.383
..
Czech Republic
28 759
29 228
30 682
33 217
34 271
36 040
38 080.999
37 337.725
39 180.644
..
Denmark
36 789
37 435
39 181
40 080
39 968
41 409
42 826
44 599
(
P
)
45 428
..
Estonia
4 314
4 077
4 511
4 582
4 407
4 323
4 187
4 338
4 674
..
Finland
40 849
41 425
(
B
)
40 003
40 468
39 196
38 281
37 516
35 908
..
..
France
(
D
)
234 366
(
B
)
243 533
249 247
258 913
266 222
267 308
(
P
)
277 631
..
..
..
Germany
317 307
(
E
)
327 996
338 689
352 419
354 463
351 923
387 982
399 605.319
419 616.896
..
Greece
..
..
(
B
D
)
24 674
(
D
)
24 800
(
D
)
29 228
(
D
)
29 877
(
D
)
34 708
(
D
)
29 403
(
D
)
35 000.19
..
Hungary
20 064
21 342
23 019
23 837
25 038
26 213
25 316
25 804
28 426
..
Iceland
2 505
..
(
B
)
2 258
..
(
B
)
1 848
..
1 944
2 206
2 050
..
Ireland
14 189
(
E
)
14 176
(
E
)
15 269
(
E
)
15 973
(
E
)
16 844
(
E
)
20 727
25 001
26 293
..
..
Italy
(
D
)
101 840
(
D
)
103 424
(
D
)
106 151
(
D
)
110 695
(
D
)
116 163
(
D
)
118 183
(
D
)
125 875
(
B
D
)
133 706
(
D
)
140 378
..
Japan
(
D
)
655 530
(
D
)
656 032
(
D
)
656 651
(
D
)
646 347
(
B
D
)
660 489
(
D
)
682 935
(
D
)
662 071
(
D
)
665 566
(
D
)
676 292
(
B
D
)
678 134
Latvia
(
D
)
3 621
(
D
)
3 896
(
D
)
3 947
(
D
)
3 904
(
D
)
3 625
(
D
)
3 748
(
D
)
3 613
(
D
)
3 152
(
D
)
3 482
..
Luxembourg
2 396
2 613
2 831
(
B
)
2 310
2 503
2 629
2 539
(
P
)
2 505
2 936
..
Netherlands
46 958
53 703
(
B
)
61 335
(
B
)
73 235
76 670
76 229
79 155
81 117
83 187
..
Norway
26 273
26 451
27 228
27 841
28 312
29 237
30 632
31 913
33 632
..
Poland
61 105
64 511
64 133
67 001
71 472
78 622
82 594
88 165
(
D
)
114 585
..
Portugal
39 834
41 523
44 056
42 498
(
B
)
37 813.403
38 155.425
38 671.596
41 349.406
44 937.537
..
Slovak Republic
(
D
)
13 290
(
D
)
15 183
(
D
)
15 326
(
D
)
15 271
(
D
)
14 727.4
(
D
)
14 742.2
(
D
)
14 405.5
12 262.257
13 163.345
..
Slovenia
7 446
7 703
(
B
)
8 774
8 884
8 707
8 574
7 900
8 119
9 301.3
..
Spain
(
D
E
)
133 803
(
D
E
)
134 653
(
D
E
)
130 235
(
D
E
)
126 778
(
D
E
)
123 225
(
D
E
)
122 235
(
D
E
)
122 437
(
D
E
)
126 633
(
D
)
133 213.188
..
Sweden
(
E
)
47 308
(
E
)
49 312
(
E
)
48 702
(
E
)
49 280
(
B
E
)
64 194
(
E
)
66 643
(
E
)
66 734
(
P
)
70 372
73 132
..
Switzerland
..
..
..
35 785
..
..
43 740
..
46 088
..
Turkey
57 759
64 341
72 109
(
E
)
82 122
(
E
)
89 075
(
E
)
89 657
(
E
)
95 161
(
E
)
100 158.149
111 893
..
Legend:
B
Break
D
Difference in methodology
E
Estimated value
m
Underestimated or based on underestimated data
P
Provisional value
Data extracted on 07 Jul 2021 09:08 UTC (GMT) from
OECD.Stat
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