Comparative performance of national science and innovation systems

Time2010 or latest year available
IndicatorScience baseInformation on itemBusiness R&D and innovationInformation on itemEntrepreneurshipInternet use for innovationInformation on itemKnowledge flows and commercialisationInformation on itemHuman resourcesInformation on item
Public R&D expenditures (per GDP) Information on itemTop 500 universities (per GDP) Information on itemPublications in the top-quartile journals (per GDP) Information on itemBusiness R&D expenditure (per GDP) Information on itemTop 500 corporate R&D investors (per GDP) Information on itemTriadic patent families (per GDP) Information on itemTrademarks (per GDP) Information on itemVenture capital (per GDP) Information on itemPatenting firms less than 5 years old (per GDP)Information on itemEase of entrepreneurship indexInformation on itemFixed broadband subscribers (per population)Information on itemWireless broadband subscribers (by population)Information on itemNetworks (autonomous systems) (by population)Information on itemE-government readiness indexInformation on itemIndustry-financed public R&D expenditures (by GDP)Information on itemPatents filed by universities and public labs (per GDP)Information on itemInternational co-authorship (%)Information on itemInternational co-patenting (PCT patent applications)(%)Information on itemAdult population at tertiary education level (%)Information on item15-year-old top performers in science (%)Information on itemDoctoral graduation rate in science and engineeringInformation on itemS&T occupations in total employment (%)Information on item
Sort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descendingSort ascendingSort descending
Country
Argentina53.74614.142..-1.9980.0001.05316.141......
(e) -3.172
..16.18434.823-5.151..88.068171.060
(ej) 8.185
5.682..
(k) 25.921
Australia119.792135.815139.172107.650101.58277.571105.536
(j) 117.908
..130.867
(cj) 91.130
(c) 137.270
114.601130.370112.781105.59988.34763.277121.810160.646
(b) 112.779
(j) 123.191
Austria
(cl) 133.542
136.424104.439
(cl) 131.797
0.000127.959101.337
(j) 100.000
115.929125.546
(c) 95.698
(c) 75.368
115.50894.09896.399101.257132.875107.142
(e) 34.499
98.794129.544102.083
Belgium
(l) 87.126
122.544135.313
(l) 108.450
112.095120.57681.666
(j) 125.765
71.37589.045
(c) 147.360
(c) 23.716
44.84889.612122.430110.920135.170159.892
(e) 110.191
118.62398.902122.693
Brazil
(e) 66.773
(e) 29.295
(e) 17.567
(e) 20.907
(e) 19.073
(e) 5.941
(e) 2.993
....43.335
(e) -21.187
(ek) 47.249
(e) 9.312
32.580..
(e) 12.154
32.30170.415-4.8344.609
(be) 11.818
(k) 8.401
Canada
(l) 123.803
120.477135.907
(l) 78.475
46.942102.091126.54598.37573.072132.986
(c) 144.943
(c) 71.480
(b) 100.717
133.489
(l) 114.867
108.59091.725121.153
(j) 200.000
137.632
(b) 100.746
95.296
Chile
(el) 0.000
66.65532.288
(el) 0.000
0.0004.08245.365....70.417
(b) 6.408
(b) 21.034
19.89354.716
(cl) 9.346
..124.625123.88858.17211.1965.96852.799
China55.09731.75622.904107.82324.81016.1483.794..3.956-34.898
(e) -4.080
..
(b) -6.157
2.868
(o) 118.926
22.323-9.28438.308
(ej) -33.883
....-39.264
Colombia
(e) -12.498
(e) 0.000
..
(e) -13.738
(e) 0.000
(e) -1.310
........
(e) -29.053
(ek) 9.852
(e) -1.523
47.472....109.651119.902..-0.807..
(b) -17.023
Czech Republic75.36434.46565.47684.7430.00016.69014.990
(j) 46.131
33.39378.710
(c) 33.200
(ac) 119.409
154.29044.49330.67527.90676.914123.475
(e) 22.844
102.225111.442100.839
Denmark
(c) 155.951
125.783172.724
(c) 140.409
164.927134.339113.629
(j) 116.646
200.000131.327
(c) 194.085
(ck) 153.272
104.366169.279
(c) 62.662
127.963130.08693.800
(e) 105.250
82.363100.000138.762
Egypt..
(e) 18.329
....
(e) 0.000
(e) -1.429
........
(e) -54.031
(ek) 47.351
(e) -4.415
-24.637....72.179103.458......51.191
Estonia115.8160.000110.92268.6010.00061.54239.798
(j) 45.068
..91.278
(c) 91.801
(c) 75.027
98.21799.50459.506..106.802118.827
(e) 112.044
121.45063.01580.658
Finland200.000153.678156.651166.185113.235148.20292.228
(j) 125.701
146.01894.856
(c) 127.263
(ac) 163.329
100.474139.337137.04229.542106.80280.483
(e) 129.337
200.000146.191123.760
France
(l) 129.276
86.58087.063
(l) 110.931
124.562124.599102.082
(j) 113.468
83.457103.235
(c) 164.172
(c) 86.194
28.313149.474
(l) 72.442
127.79099.45487.083
(e) 79.720
100.104
(j) 127.088
124.378
Germany
(cj) 147.580
106.68888.382
(l) 133.552
120.196151.714105.785
(j) 96.095
103.20298.693
(c) 154.977
(c) 65.618
49.695106.121
(j) 173.704
100.00098.25369.123
(e) 68.531
144.122135.397125.817
Greece
(c) 46.304
56.93194.0841.0310.0006.2166.874
(j) 24.725
..44.446
(c) 70.324
(c) 67.450
30.48958.50352.6500.97668.059126.555
(e) 55.944
36.093
(b) 41.790
62.113
Hungary
(o) 50.492
89.07963.019
(o) 55.746
0.00050.17712.170
(j) 2.491
..65.764
(c) 67.271
(c) 22.802
(b) 63.732
70.601
(o) 112.900
14.281100.589127.842
(e) 38.228
65.44435.02985.539
Iceland
(l) 196.301
0.000176.940
(l) 113.635
0.00079.709158.405....40.379
(c) 163.038
(c) 117.938
(b) 200.000
93.914
(l) 194.080
7.879188.742157.451
(e) 96.037
85.30130.946131.200
India
(ce) 60.274
(e) 2.248
(e) 10.364
(cej) 9.932
(e) 20.494
(e) 9.686
(e) -6.290
..0.091-21.837
(e) -59.856
..
(e) -5.450
-53.392..
(e) 12.832
3.981103.920......-32.367
Indonesia
(ek) -21.953
(e) 0.000
(e) -12.185
(ek) -16.318
(e) 0.000
(e) -1.598
(e) -9.486
......
(e) -60.544
..
(e) 0.705
-12.208....180.220180.665
(ej) -34.506
-2.455..-39.622
Ireland
(c) 76.332
120.692108.342
(c) 102.501
169.107100.170105.223
(j) 126.968
123.812128.169
(c) 74.975
(c) 118.112
83.31668.689
(c) 33.848
131.591109.592132.218
(e) 124.396
105.552
(j) 113.878
105.759
Israel
(dfl) 107.093
177.747176.084
(dl) 200.000
110.682144.503115.898200.000..0.000
(c) 92.885
(ac) 90.883
100.756107.758
(fd) 109.063
200.00089.57256.227171.21747.139103.07097.520
Italy
(l) 67.993
101.74781.376
(l) 51.794
86.47386.41888.262
(j) 12.471
71.011145.848
(c) 80.490
(c) 95.801
28.99370.19719.67350.54177.24352.468
(e) 13.520
70.641
(b) 88.169
98.828
Japan98.32648.69044.544157.493147.541200.00052.686..20.12694.141
(c) 112.575
(c) 164.866
11.519101.44220.824121.46925.5860.000164.319183.304
(j) 62.665
11.129
Korea136.33470.77166.336170.187107.165137.64765.39395.222..133.314
(c) 181.318
(ck) 200.000
53.915200.000116.929131.53228.5795.205133.447133.07758.00135.800
Luxembourg
(l) 55.842
0.00019.276
(l) 101.743
200.000100.088160.307
(j) 11.052
..66.338
(ac) 148.654
(c) 118.863
150.652101.053
(l) 7.990
1.500200.000200.000
(e) 113.279
82.214..200.000
Mexico
(e) 15.129
5.5590.0001.7660.0000.00030.004..0.00013.681
(c) 5.314
(c) 0.000
0.00035.2640.0002.77983.675103.84618.4660.000
(j) 0.000
20.095
Netherlands
(j) 156.336
127.987153.78176.004126.593130.149105.037
(j) 101.565
124.895190.095
(c) 200.000
(c) 99.552
100.611187.680
(j) 200.000
102.942113.50581.089
(e) 93.240
143.638
(j) 84.854
130.418
New Zealand109.144200.000161.93839.5580.00092.271119.640....70.184
(c) 104.995
(c) 118.260
(b) 126.911
129.669121.97418.301109.24084.652141.490189.861106.03497.700
Norway124.144112.357111.16874.068105.73699.40065.251120.266131.923123.515
(c) 172.428
(c) 158.296
(b) 100.882
146.199105.10440.442117.72090.189
(e) 121.925
78.531
(ej) 85.928
126.087
Poland66.93924.10437.7563.5270.0005.7290.000
(j) 0.000
..13.031
(c) 27.861
(c) 112.156
(b) 105.195
42.655
(j) 47.026
3.09849.893134.297
(e) 51.282
92.723
(j) 34.960
76.938
Portugal
(l) 96.330
67.65290.320
(l) 58.844
77.08022.66240.853
(j) 57.581
..127.190
(c) 66.878
(c) 137.186
14.61969.2777.41772.090103.778128.699
(e) 16.317
50.153114.92340.761
Russian Federation52.6076.491-3.28456.9047.3953.710-7.520....59.284
(e) 6.154
..86.66575.896126.221-0.71545.24692.192227.66152.488..111.405
Slovak Republic
(d) 35.989
0.00031.86810.9340.0004.19239.982..22.39779.103
(c) 22.482
(c) 74.043
57.03437.176
(d) 57.192
..101.963175.968
(e) 25.175
76.153116.32486.979
Slovenia91.778126.411122.110113.0530.00059.686106.061
(j) 12.288
..145.609
(ck) 87.871
(c) 64.907
180.49081.302142.94337.06181.00255.615
(e) 55.012
116.676112.170104.081
South Africa37.34451.42726.11939.8600.00011.05321.459....26.263
(e) -56.029
..3.679-15.15052.35146.28894.38453.879
(ej) -35.519
....18.705
Spain
(l) 90.727
68.51484.784
(l) 57.874
56.77335.90346.720
(j) 51.444
56.334120.440
(c) 89.599
(c) 95.815
22.23491.524105.052100.01874.85272.449
(e) 87.646
47.55459.24371.676
Sweden
(c) 178.927
169.343177.667
(c) 150.974
134.591171.994110.965
(j) 133.782
154.296171.533
(c) 150.286
(c) 189.616
114.843146.667101.7461.375126.20879.050
(e) 105.250
99.861200.000142.449
Switzerland
(g) 124.388
130.658200.000145.186182.354169.504200.000131.70591.383126.532
(c) 198.761
(c) 108.165
129.755110.409
(k) 129.895
111.833154.840159.674
(e) 112.044
124.779197.574140.825
Türkiye57.0218.01824.25720.4460.0003.9427.153....3.425
(c) 0.000
(c) 10.311
(b) 8.400
0.000119.5040.0000.00023.088
(e) 0.000
11.62510.7230.000
United Kingdom
(l) 86.251
121.034148.366
(l) 95.619
116.855111.195105.322
(j) 112.318
111.109200.000
(c) 155.320
(c) 100.356
84.753174.815
(l) 72.157
113.84690.756104.550
(e) 110.191
130.751138.38385.003
United States
(gi) 102.183
95.64385.219
(i) 138.461
115.819119.836101.421
(j) 139.245
109.222113.279
(bc) 115.081
(c) 138.624
(b) 124.357
153.528
(ik) 45.206
123.24041.62743.798148.573109.967
(j) 81.432
117.953
European Union (27 countries)101.436103.636..101.998111.405116.78396.456......109.912-1.1094.426..106.131103.080..37.79465.268....101.902
OECD sample median100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000
Lowest OECD value0.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
Bottom five OECD value50.4925.55932.28810.9340.0005.72914.99012.47156.33440.37927.86123.71619.89344.49319.6732.77949.89352.46822.84447.13934.96040.761
Top five OECD value155.951136.424172.724150.974147.541148.202119.640126.968124.895145.609172.428158.296129.755153.528137.042127.790132.875157.451141.490144.122135.397131.200
Highest OECD value200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000200.000
Legend:
aBreak in series with previous year for which data is available.
bSecretariat estimate or projection based on national sources.
cNational estimate or projection.
dDefence excluded (all or mostly).
eBased on data extracted from national or other international sources.
fExcluding R&D in the social sciences and humanities (all or mostly).
gFederal or central government only.
iExcludes most or all capital expenditure.
jOverestimated or based on overestimated data.
kUnderestimated or based on underestimated data.
lProvisional.
oThe sum of the breakdown does not add to the total.
Data extracted on 05 Jun 2023 11:32 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat

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