External sectors, trade and payments | Balance of primary income in USD (balance of payments basis) | US Dollar |  | -11 730 200 093.856 | -15 259 488 872.976 | -22 165 977 045.636 | -28 161 051 715.322 | -32 696 613 181.825 | -41 315 203 733.002 | -38 078 732 464.768 | -38 454 572 530.174 | -49 731 427 774.090 | -55 384 213 825.385 | -41 328 280 991.276 | -39 019 031 501.386 | -32 899 054 305.060 | -28 399 610 793.573 | -30 011 848 543.926 |
Current account balance in USD | US Dollar |  | -16 454 151 142.926 | -29 181 051 675.537 | -41 835 399 051.878 | -43 591 242 234.650 | -45 824 286 647.755 | -64 150 822 121.381 | -50 721 462 770.013 | -49 288 491 725.123 | -45 449 903 889.252 | -46 192 900 999.863 | -67 410 168 520.337 | -51 177 366 730.953 | -45 426 742 726.339 | -57 147 620 879.178 | -40 979 768 222.191 |
Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -3.854 | -5.392 | -6.363 | -5.947 | -5.858 | -6.745 | -4.681 | -4.745 | -3.628 | -3.055 | -4.290 | -3.379 | -3.115 | -4.652 | -3.241 |
Indicator of competitiveness based on relative consumer prices | Index, 2015=100 |  | 78.138 | 88.099 | 95.340 | 98.200 | 97.692 | 103.420 | 101.005 | 98.201 | 111.664 | 119.218 | 120.774 | 114.604 | 109.361 | 100.000 | 100.995 |
Contribution to world trade growth, goods and services (in USD, OECD reference year prices) | Percentage |  | 0.063 | 0.050 | 0.115 | 0.075 | 0.073 | 0.099 | 0.088 | -0.042 | 0.139 | 0.072 | 0.072 | 0.016 | 0.029 | 0.047 | 0.042 |
Nominal effective exchange rate, chain-linked, overall weights | Index, 2015=100 |  | 81.286 | 90.753 | 98.056 | 100.600 | 99.004 | 105.224 | 103.300 | 99.204 | 112.115 | 120.203 | 122.640 | 115.945 | 110.020 | 100.000 | 101.038 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Australian Dollar |  | 1.841 | 1.542 | 1.359 | 1.313 | 1.328 | 1.195 | 1.198 | 1.282 | 1.090 | 0.969 | 0.966 | 1.036 | 1.109 | 1.331 | 1.345 |
Net exports of goods and services, nominal value in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar |  | -4 750 403 986.833 | -14 273 595 635.672 | -19 319 441 637.962 | -14 997 333 325.522 | -12 495 997 489.663 | -22 825 756 005.390 | -12 496 074 005.308 | -10 163 629 122.780 | 5 749 424 327.732 | 11 473 199 373.428 | -23 839 413 431.236 | -10 513 705 619.411 | -9 905 906 693.015 | -27 949 776 496.579 | -10 156 871 955.900 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 116 752 949 696.179 | 129 604 971 965.086 | 149 755 318 093.284 | 163 323 243 758.133 | 177 578 281 051.914 | 201 266 901 898.973 | 222 086 462 071.205 | 204 220 003 407.238 | 236 048 134 603.822 | 261 087 634 032.791 | 275 955 858 148.315 | 270 354 692 230.926 | 266 674 014 988.741 | 271 293 148 204.304 | 272 281 406 153.051 |
Import penetration, goods and services | Ratio |  | 0.118 | 0.126 | 0.137 | 0.144 | 0.151 | 0.161 | 0.171 | 0.156 | 0.174 | 0.184 | 0.187 | 0.181 | 0.175 | 0.174 | 0.170 |
Share of value imports of goods and services in world imports in USD | Ratio |  | 1.139 | 1.194 | 1.226 | 1.227 | 1.199 | 1.251 | 1.298 | 1.361 | 1.428 | 1.471 | 1.558 | 1.440 | 1.350 | 1.323 | 1.300 |
Balance of secondary income in USD (balance of payments basis) | US Dollar |  | 26 490 815.370 | 352 456 404.939 | -349 974 133.719 | -432 845 629.926 | -631 702 501.520 | -9 330 159.708 | -142 825 972.592 | -669 754 929.526 | -1 467 513 134.407 | -2 281 754 954.529 | -2 242 299 836.938 | -1 644 058 366.011 | -2 621 636 891.903 | -798 466 396.547 | -811 236 385.780 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 133 702 681 573.350 | 139 007 032 465.079 | 152 014 027 672.811 | 161 368 135 899.710 | 171 275 977 874.951 | 186 020 814 912.197 | 200 136 270 245.361 | 193 223 025 117.142 | 213 948 778 440.248 | 226 094 759 950.832 | 239 194 429 816.724 | 242 223 706 198.227 | 247 796 496 226.340 | 257 318 259 956.014 | 266 111 750 085.893 |
Indicator of competitiveness based on relative unit labour costs in total economy | Index, 2015=100 |  | 69.394 | 79.140 | 87.376 | 91.618 | 92.574 | 101.653 | 100.451 | 95.026 | 112.780 | 124.696 | 126.178 | 118.486 | 111.509 | 100.000 | 99.454 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 150 652 413 450.521 | 148 409 092 965.072 | 154 272 737 252.339 | 159 413 028 041.286 | 164 973 674 697.989 | 170 774 727 925.421 | 178 186 078 419.517 | 182 226 046 827.047 | 191 849 422 276.675 | 191 101 885 868.873 | 202 433 001 485.134 | 214 092 720 165.528 | 228 918 977 463.938 | 243 343 371 707.725 | 259 942 094 018.734 |
Export market for goods and services, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 101 882 679 690.162 | 112 850 234 951.095 | 129 350 151 737.403 | 141 876 139 076.772 | 155 993 256 036.066 | 169 123 403 966.619 | 177 738 697 294.627 | 164 266 852 438.396 | 190 520 523 134.658 | 207 922 424 199.867 | 219 079 020 253.681 | 231 029 578 933.399 | 243 814 122 610.225 | 247 895 392 501.696 | 254 597 788 530.703 |
Export performance for goods and services, volume | Ratio |  | 1.479 | 1.315 | 1.193 | 1.124 | 1.058 | 1.010 | 1.003 | 1.109 | 1.007 | 0.919 | 0.924 | 0.927 | 0.939 | 0.982 | 1.021 |
Share of value exports of goods and services in world exports in USD | Ratio |  | 1.073 | 1.031 | 1.040 | 1.092 | 1.091 | 1.089 | 1.216 | 1.268 | 1.420 | 1.484 | 1.412 | 1.350 | 1.271 | 1.159 | 1.216 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 22.395 | 18.990 | 16.548 | 14.816 | 13.285 | 13.970 | 16.023 | 21.968 | 24.947 | 29.717 | 34.058 | 35.528 | 39.627 | 40.748 | 42.636 |
General government net financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | -14.880 | -18.426 | -20.780 | -22.128 | -25.116 | -26.061 | -25.337 | -22.239 | -18.490 | -11.783 | -8.580 | -9.711 | -7.284 | -9.033 | -10.505 |
Net general government interest payments as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 0.374 | 0.147 | 0.292 | -0.068 | -0.141 | -0.364 | -0.512 | -0.216 | 0.003 | 0.119 | 0.114 | 0.287 | 0.396 | 0.291 | 0.294 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 1.734 | 2.619 | 1.460 | 2.288 | 2.553 | 2.121 | -0.002 | -4.222 | -4.163 | -3.827 | -3.050 | -1.997 | -1.811 | -1.192 | -1.725 |
Total disbursements of general government as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 34.369 | 33.653 | 34.322 | 34.091 | 33.862 | 33.799 | 34.365 | 37.368 | 36.416 | 36.144 | 35.969 | 35.449 | 35.504 | 35.676 | 36.141 |
Total receipts of general government as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 36.103 | 36.271 | 35.781 | 36.378 | 36.415 | 35.920 | 34.363 | 33.146 | 32.252 | 32.318 | 32.918 | 33.452 | 33.692 | 34.485 | 34.416 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 208 936 000 000.000 | 219 510 000 000.000 | 227 255 000 000.000 | 234 178 000 000.000 | 242 452 000 000.000 | 248 355 000 000.000 | 258 692 000 000.000 | 264 920 000 000.000 | 271 855 000 000.000 | 283 507 000 000.000 | 287 703 000 000.000 | 291 900 000 000.000 | 293 823 000 000.000 | 305 274 000 000.000 | 321 024 000 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 629 904 000 000.000 | 652 420 000 000.000 | 690 569 000 000.000 | 712 163 000 000.000 | 743 272 000 000.000 | 787 664 000 000.000 | 803 995 000 000.000 | 819 057 000 000.000 | 849 755 000 000.000 | 879 586 000 000.000 | 901 668 000 000.000 | 918 335 000 000.000 | 941 444 000 000.000 | 964 257 000 000.000 | 990 536 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Australian Dollar |  | 780 984 000 000.000 | 828 003 000 000.000 | 892 266 000 000.000 | 961 696 000 000.000 | 1 037 682 000 000.000 | 1 131 412 000 000.000 | 1 235 108 000 000.000 | 1 261 632 000 000.000 | 1 363 158 000 000.000 | 1 467 493 000 000.000 | 1 515 294 000 000.000 | 1 568 121 000 000.000 | 1 614 012 000 000.000 | 1 640 819 000 000.000 | 1 705 198 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 1 169 934 000 000.000 | 1 203 893 000 000.000 | 1 251 561 000 000.000 | 1 289 914 000 000.000 | 1 325 507 000 000.000 | 1 384 172 000 000.000 | 1 419 347 000 000.000 | 1 446 196 000 000.000 | 1 481 568 000 000.000 | 1 521 957 000 000.000 | 1 581 581 000 000.000 | 1 615 789 000 000.000 | 1 657 675 000 000.000 | 1 698 462 000 000.000 | 1 745 599 000 000.000 |
Private non-residential gross fixed capital formation, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 151 576 077 019.800 | 168 755 845 892.286 | 181 173 659 673.749 | 203 372 337 368.035 | 219 368 904 508.676 | 242 034 786 720.637 | 259 647 445 675.268 | 250 415 089 250.523 | 249 880 352 437.848 | 280 872 485 401.372 | 328 843 456 786.104 | 321 117 978 188.181 | 301 901 807 100.071 | 283 313 796 679.895 | 257 696 862 928.203 |
Gross fixed capital formation, housing, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 76 784 000 000.000 | 82 352 000 000.000 | 87 602 000 000.000 | 84 662 000 000.000 | 80 405 000 000.000 | 81 862 000 000.000 | 82 929 000 000.000 | 79 085 000 000.000 | 82 742 000 000.000 | 83 786 000 000.000 | 78 738 000 000.000 | 81 724 000 000.000 | 89 568 000 000.000 | 97 573 269 033.422 | 105 219 170 769.897 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 252 560 000 000.000 | 275 119 000 000.000 | 295 346 000 000.000 | 319 613 000 000.000 | 332 798 000 000.000 | 360 463 000 000.000 | 386 281 000 000.000 | 377 467 000 000.000 | 393 668 000 000.000 | 421 856 000 000.000 | 463 799 000 000.000 | 455 142 000 000.000 | 444 526 000 000.000 | 430 110 000 000.000 | 419 213 000 000.000 |
Total domestic expenditure, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 1 075 556 917 501.460 | 1 136 273 886 839.580 | 1 206 415 952 910.260 | 1 259 003 940 862.710 | 1 305 066 148 369.070 | 1 393 140 464 841.580 | 1 440 207 236 898.410 | 1 445 195 003 534.550 | 1 502 820 396 138.700 | 1 579 239 348 181.930 | 1 644 905 848 692.750 | 1 649 572 502 176.320 | 1 665 730 364 741.480 | 1 686 664 693 831.080 | 1 719 064 000 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 1.990 | 5.061 | 3.528 | 3.046 | 3.533 | 2.435 | 4.162 | 2.407 | 2.618 | 4.286 | 1.480 | 1.459 | 0.659 | 3.897 | 5.159 |
Headline inflation | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 3.049 | 2.731 | 2.342 | 2.659 | 3.554 | 2.356 | 4.348 | 1.770 | 2.863 | 3.356 | 1.686 | 2.450 | 2.513 | 1.508 | 1.254 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 4.186 | 3.575 | 5.847 | 3.127 | 4.368 | 5.973 | 2.073 | 1.873 | 3.748 | 3.511 | 2.510 | 1.848 | 2.516 | 2.423 | 2.725 |
Total employment, growth | Percentage |  | 1.944 | 2.244 | 1.722 | 3.372 | 2.465 | 3.062 | 2.845 | 0.693 | 2.005 | 1.738 | 1.222 | 0.933 | 0.728 | 1.959 | 1.758 |
Final domestic expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 6.328 | 5.176 | 5.836 | 4.440 | 4.156 | 5.986 | 3.808 | 0.789 | 3.692 | 4.612 | 4.304 | 0.751 | 0.875 | 1.192 | 1.830 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 3.998 | 2.903 | 3.959 | 3.064 | 2.759 | 4.426 | 2.541 | 1.892 | 2.446 | 2.726 | 3.918 | 2.163 | 2.592 | 2.460 | 2.775 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 14.843 | 8.932 | 7.352 | 8.216 | 4.125 | 8.313 | 7.162 | -2.282 | 4.292 | 7.160 | 9.942 | -1.867 | -2.332 | -3.243 | -2.534 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 11.133 | 11.008 | 15.548 | 9.060 | 8.728 | 13.340 | 10.344 | -8.045 | 15.585 | 10.608 | 5.695 | -2.030 | -1.361 | 1.732 | 0.364 |
Core inflation | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 3.208 | 2.659 | 1.966 | 2.326 | 2.513 | 2.685 | 4.120 | 2.647 | 2.792 | 2.509 | 2.170 | 2.494 | 2.434 | 2.117 | 1.543 |
Private final consumption expenditure, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 2.895 | 2.313 | 1.499 | 2.162 | 3.607 | 3.114 | 3.174 | 2.583 | 2.212 | 2.403 | 2.404 | 2.411 | 1.957 | 1.501 | 0.944 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 3.095 | 3.030 | 3.657 | 4.577 | 5.004 | 4.412 | 6.460 | 0.251 | 5.468 | 4.797 | -0.635 | 1.295 | 0.326 | -0.780 | 1.117 |
Total domestic expenditure, volume, growth  | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 6.013 | 5.645 | 6.173 | 4.359 | 3.659 | 6.749 | 3.378 | 0.346 | 3.987 | 5.085 | 4.158 | 0.284 | 0.980 | 1.257 | 1.921 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | 5.116 | 3.967 | 9.357 | 6.153 | 6.140 | 8.609 | 7.588 | -3.454 | 10.726 | 5.677 | 5.794 | 1.266 | 2.301 | 3.843 | 3.417 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2016-17 |  | 0.884 | -1.489 | 3.951 | 3.332 | 3.488 | 3.516 | 4.340 | 2.267 | 5.281 | -0.390 | 5.929 | 5.760 | 6.925 | 6.301 | 6.821 |
Export performance for goods and services, volume, growth | Percentage |  | -5.810 | -11.063 | -9.309 | -5.791 | -5.877 | -4.520 | -0.718 | 10.654 | -9.227 | -8.726 | 0.535 | 0.289 | 1.318 | 4.551 | 4.009 |
Supply block | Output gap as a percentage of potential GDP | Percentage |  | 0.717 | 0.411 | 1.161 | 1.063 | 0.675 | 1.839 | 1.217 | 0.351 | -0.181 | -0.660 | -0.044 | -0.851 | -1.021 | -1.214 | -1.042 |
Potential output volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 1 161 611 038 515.700 | 1 198 961 833 534.790 | 1 237 193 287 270.140 | 1 276 342 271 348.960 | 1 316 619 793 408.910 | 1 359 172 088 127.620 | 1 402 281 943 963.580 | 1 441 132 079 453.860 | 1 484 250 637 667.690 | 1 532 071 748 917.780 | 1 582 272 292 396.780 | 1 629 651 869 531.810 | 1 674 774 560 729.070 | 1 719 339 177 826.400 | 1 763 988 507 148.400 |
Productive capital stock, volume | Australian Dollar, 2016-17 |  | 2 572 866 302 018.940 | 2 656 656 907 368.290 | 2 755 034 224 842.390 | 2 875 445 858 687.490 | 3 005 337 113 737.300 | 3 154 949 599 489.420 | 3 308 581 970 436.280 | 3 458 745 110 153.580 | 3 614 647 684 057.970 | 3 814 831 995 735.780 | 4 019 842 609 245.790 | 4 201 138 449 678.360 | 4 350 766 001 722.530 | 4 469 934 976 181.710 | 4 578 296 635 550.150 |
Equilibrium unemployment rate, as a percentage of labour force | Percentage |  | 6.278 | 5.896 | 5.483 | 5.254 | 5.114 | 4.951 | 4.954 | 5.313 | 5.256 | 5.179 | 5.245 | 5.474 | 5.622 | 5.566 | 5.380 |
Cyclically-adjusted general government net lending as a percentage of potential GDP | Ratio |  | 1.341 | 2.394 | 0.834 | 1.716 | 2.194 | 1.156 | -0.634 | -4.414 | -4.068 | -3.479 | -3.028 | -1.549 | -1.271 | -0.535 | -1.158 |
Underlying general government net lending as a percentage of potential GDP | Ratio |  | 1.435 | 2.213 | 0.706 | 1.544 | 1.941 | 0.998 | -0.910 | -4.363 | -3.812 | -3.468 | -3.055 | -1.834 | -1.364 | -1.195 | -1.344 |
Underlying general government primary balance as a percentage of potential GDP | Ratio |  | 1.812 | 2.361 | 1.002 | 1.475 | 1.799 | 0.627 | -1.428 | -4.579 | -3.809 | -3.350 | -2.940 | -1.549 | -0.971 | -0.908 | -1.053 |
Household sector accounts | Net saving ratio of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Percentage |  | -0.024 | -0.327 | 0.644 | 1.737 | 0.523 | 1.862 | 5.990 | 7.939 | 7.632 | 9.281 | 7.761 | 7.954 | 8.326 | 7.087 | 5.472 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index | Index, 2016-17 |  | 0.705 | 0.725 | 0.742 | 0.761 | 0.788 | 0.807 | 0.842 | 0.857 | 0.881 | 0.911 | 0.926 | 0.949 | 0.973 | 0.988 | 1.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, deflator | Index, 2016-17 |  | 0.722 | 0.739 | 0.750 | 0.766 | 0.794 | 0.819 | 0.845 | 0.866 | 0.886 | 0.907 | 0.929 | 0.951 | 0.970 | 0.984 | 0.994 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2016-17 |  | 0.668 | 0.688 | 0.713 | 0.746 | 0.783 | 0.817 | 0.870 | 0.872 | 0.920 | 0.964 | 0.958 | 0.970 | 0.974 | 0.966 | 0.977 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2016-17 |  | 1.100 | 1.007 | 0.957 | 0.963 | 1.003 | 0.962 | 1.033 | 1.009 | 0.932 | 0.920 | 0.928 | 0.962 | 1.001 | 1.035 | 1.003 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2016-17 |  | 0.739 | 0.699 | 0.728 | 0.814 | 0.915 | 0.924 | 1.125 | 0.991 | 1.071 | 1.189 | 1.076 | 1.075 | 1.032 | 0.945 | 0.922 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 9 190 266.225 | 9 396 536.635 | 9 558 360.996 | 9 880 633.519 | 10 124 227.850 | 10 434 268.911 | 10 731 170.102 | 10 805 576.238 | 11 022 243.381 | 11 213 816.169 | 11 350 802.388 | 11 456 709.184 | 11 540 161.675 | 11 766 268.115 | 11 973 086.549 |
Labour force | Persons |  | 9 815 264.723 | 9 988 738.782 | 10 103 412.389 | 10 404 224.033 | 10 632 715.378 | 10 911 876.755 | 11 205 634.411 | 11 441 817.520 | 11 628 228.294 | 11 814 101.499 | 11 976 398.623 | 12 144 317.494 | 12 286 800.816 | 12 524 529.495 | 12 698 137.695 |
Labour productivity, total economy | Index, 2015 |  | 0.882 | 0.888 | 0.907 | 0.904 | 0.907 | 0.919 | 0.916 | 0.927 | 0.931 | 0.940 | 0.965 | 0.977 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 1.010 |
Unit labour cost in total economy | Index, 2015 |  | 0.682 | 0.705 | 0.729 | 0.759 | 0.796 | 0.838 | 0.876 | 0.875 | 0.919 | 0.968 | 0.980 | 0.988 | 0.997 | 1.000 | 1.001 |
Unemployment, level | Persons |  | 624 998.498 | 592 202.147 | 545 051.392 | 523 590.514 | 508 487.528 | 477 607.844 | 474 464.309 | 636 241.282 | 605 984.913 | 600 285.330 | 625 596.235 | 687 608.310 | 746 639.142 | 758 261.381 | 725 051.146 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 6.368 | 5.929 | 5.395 | 5.032 | 4.782 | 4.377 | 4.234 | 5.561 | 5.211 | 5.081 | 5.224 | 5.662 | 6.077 | 6.054 | 5.710 |
Compensation rate, total economy | Australian Dollar |  | 47 264.850 | 48 958.955 | 51 533.132 | 53 402.892 | 55 813.590 | 59 287.387 | 61 674.988 | 62 336.265 | 65 793.736 | 69 573.811 | 71 807.148 | 73 059.047 | 75 112.163 | 75 820.184 | 76 474.097 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 5.844 | 5.367 | 5.591 | 5.340 | 5.588 | 5.995 | 5.818 | 5.040 | 5.366 | 4.880 | 3.379 | 3.697 | 3.657 | 2.711 | 2.337 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 4.747 | 4.896 | 5.478 | 5.644 | 5.988 | 6.668 | 6.973 | 3.434 | 4.683 | 4.848 | 3.728 | 2.780 | 2.678 | 2.256 | 1.988 |