External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -11.300 | -12.982 | -12.204 | -8.564 | -15.021 | -15.060 | -8.721 | 2.485 | 1.615 | 1.220 | -1.882 | 0.362 | 0.749 | 1.760 | 1.152 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.062 | 0.885 | 0.804 | 0.804 | 0.797 | 0.731 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 6 994 238 446.677 | 7 967 377 499.045 | 9 215 818 698.500 | 10 776 997 774.329 | 13 032 142 138.046 | 14 755 820 545.723 | 13 865 315 599.165 | 9 623 102 044.053 | 11 619 772 740.098 | 14 805 498 759.173 | 16 236 035 429.452 | 16 649 470 189.566 | 17 155 196 467.972 | 16 835 370 720.842 | 17 917 078 790.354 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 6 930 466 390.538 | 7 765 738 166.441 | 9 045 238 065.067 | 10 711 956 808.712 | 12 347 297 634.420 | 13 943 487 344.597 | 13 556 698 886.512 | 10 092 208 698.324 | 12 369 502 064.943 | 15 548 143 522.704 | 16 656 865 173.156 | 17 101 728 708.091 | 17 585 722 513.629 | 17 290 839 187.444 | 18 258 484 493.188 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 6 866 694 334.400 | 7 564 098 833.836 | 8 874 657 431.635 | 10 646 915 843.095 | 11 662 453 130.794 | 13 131 154 143.471 | 13 248 082 173.860 | 10 561 315 352.596 | 13 119 231 389.789 | 16 290 788 286.234 | 17 077 694 916.861 | 17 553 987 226.615 | 18 016 248 559.287 | 17 746 307 654.045 | 18 599 890 196.022 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 5.663 | 5.600 | 5.112 | 4.704 | 4.635 | 3.770 | 4.512 | 7.233 | 6.665 | 6.163 | 9.840 | 10.229 | 10.630 | 10.074 | 10.001 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 7.540 | 8.356 | 8.346 | 8.254 | 8.137 | 7.208 | 8.482 | 12.759 | 11.935 | 9.492 | 13.130 | 13.598 | 13.837 | 12.736 | 13.707 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 0.417 | 1.797 | 2.393 | 1.127 | 2.893 | 2.744 | -2.650 | -2.189 | 0.191 | 1.085 | -0.288 | 0.181 | 0.708 | 0.114 | -0.413 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 2 900 560 300.000 | 3 008 601 300.000 | 3 074 759 700.000 | 3 173 487 100.000 | 3 335 383 100.000 | 3 528 981 900.000 | 3 699 307 700.000 | 3 606 935 700.000 | 3 585 598 500.000 | 3 657 355 300.000 | 3 762 420 600.000 | 3 866 102 400.000 | 3 921 980 100.000 | 4 043 861 000.000 | 4 143 744 100.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 6 761 982 100.000 | 7 412 924 500.000 | 8 017 847 900.000 | 8 806 408 900.000 | 9 956 781 900.000 | 10 797 522 200.000 | 10 320 813 700.000 | 8 895 710 800.000 | 8 715 770 100.000 | 8 999 570 300.000 | 9 403 164 500.000 | 9 760 536 100.000 | 10 126 518 300.000 | 10 621 376 900.000 | 11 054 100 700.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 7 820 988 500.000 | 8 744 692 800.000 | 9 779 203 500.000 | 11 331 775 200.000 | 13 551 466 000.000 | 16 377 264 700.000 | 16 609 502 600.000 | 14 145 027 100.000 | 14 732 540 800.000 | 16 670 337 300.000 | 17 912 293 000.000 | 18 909 317 900.000 | 20 036 205 900.000 | 20 620 403 500.000 | 21 738 658 100.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 14 182 724 900.000 | 15 289 034 700.000 | 16 299 544 500.000 | 17 822 808 800.000 | 19 583 308 000.000 | 20 995 008 500.000 | 20 027 335 600.000 | 17 170 174 500.000 | 17 526 376 300.000 | 18 767 561 100.000 | 19 386 897 400.000 | 19 652 658 300.000 | 20 201 155 100.000 | 20 663 538 100.000 | 21 300 353 400.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 3 342 293 900.000 | 3 963 304 300.000 | 4 167 142 800.000 | 4 795 861 200.000 | 5 890 732 700.000 | 6 536 338 100.000 | 5 704 663 300.000 | 3 587 090 600.000 | 3 462 134 100.000 | 4 680 316 800.000 | 5 246 721 900.000 | 5 318 077 000.000 | 5 205 916 600.000 | 5 029 173 600.000 | 5 310 282 700.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.382 | 3.725 | 2.199 | 3.211 | 5.102 | 5.804 | 4.826 | -2.497 | -0.592 | 2.001 | 2.873 | 2.756 | 1.445 | 3.108 | 2.470 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.588 | 1.387 | 3.038 | 4.117 | 4.444 | 6.745 | 10.606 | 0.199 | 2.741 | 5.080 | 4.219 | 3.247 | 0.476 | 0.068 | 0.800 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 9.659 | 9.627 | 8.160 | 9.835 | 13.063 | 8.444 | -4.415 | -13.808 | -2.023 | 3.256 | 4.485 | 3.801 | 3.750 | 4.887 | 4.074 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 6.833 | 7.800 | 6.609 | 9.345 | 9.878 | 7.209 | -4.609 | -14.266 | 2.075 | 7.082 | 3.300 | 1.371 | 2.791 | 2.289 | 3.082 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 23.195 | 18.580 | 5.143 | 15.088 | 22.830 | 10.960 | -12.724 | -37.120 | -3.484 | 35.186 | 12.102 | 1.360 | -2.109 | -3.395 | 5.590 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 13.398 | 13.913 | 15.669 | 16.940 | 20.926 | 13.226 | -6.035 | -30.596 | 20.749 | 27.416 | 9.662 | 2.546 | 3.037 | -1.864 | 6.425 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.382 | 2.291 | 1.400 | 1.982 | 3.571 | 6.081 | 6.181 | 0.934 | 0.442 | 2.359 | 2.756 | 1.901 | 1.255 | 1.162 | 1.240 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.817 | 3.720 | 4.897 | 5.973 | 8.837 | 12.726 | 6.318 | -0.667 | 2.037 | 5.670 | 4.017 | 4.139 | 3.082 | 0.613 | 2.271 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.798 | 10.156 | 17.326 | 19.970 | 9.538 | 12.593 | 0.890 | -20.280 | 24.220 | 24.175 | 4.830 | 2.789 | 2.633 | -1.498 | 4.810 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.637 | 0.646 | 0.666 | 0.693 | 0.724 | 0.773 | 0.854 | 0.856 | 0.880 | 0.924 | 0.963 | 0.995 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.008 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.551 | 0.572 | 0.600 | 0.636 | 0.692 | 0.780 | 0.829 | 0.824 | 0.841 | 0.888 | 0.924 | 0.962 | 0.992 | 0.998 | 1.021 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.811 | 0.798 | 0.806 | 0.821 | 0.847 | 0.881 | 0.936 | 0.912 | 0.964 | 1.009 | 1.034 | 1.032 | 1.017 | 1.000 | 0.988 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.732 | 0.732 | 0.741 | 0.773 | 0.817 | 0.868 | 0.925 | 0.906 | 0.934 | 0.984 | 1.005 | 1.013 | 1.012 | 1.001 | 1.000 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 589 875.000 | 602 950.000 | 601 900.000 | 615 550.000 | 651 700.000 | 657 600.000 | 656 000.000 | 593 875.000 | 567 975.000 | 603 225.000 | 614 925.000 | 621 350.000 | 624 825.000 | 640 900.000 | 644 625.000 |
Labour force | Persons | | 664 475.000 | 672 500.000 | 669 825.000 | 669 300.000 | 692 650.000 | 689 250.000 | 693 850.000 | 686 950.000 | 681 900.000 | 688 025.000 | 683 425.000 | 680 025.000 | 674 400.000 | 683 150.000 | 691 350.000 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 11.227 | 10.342 | 10.141 | 8.031 | 5.912 | 4.592 | 5.455 | 13.549 | 16.707 | 12.325 | 10.023 | 8.628 | 7.351 | 6.185 | 6.759 |
Monetary data | Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.880 | 2.913 | 2.496 | 2.378 | 3.161 | 4.870 | 6.664 | 5.927 | 1.570 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |