External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 1.932 | 1.386 | 4.417 | 4.615 | 5.755 | 6.895 | 5.639 | 5.779 | 5.569 | 6.163 | 7.196 | 6.635 | 7.263 | 8.656 | 8.505 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 735 027 995 843.593 | 776 220 442 996.823 | 829 988 426 992.021 | 881 710 093 851.249 | 983 337 957 638.753 | 1 047 107 068 404.250 | 1 066 449 019 948.110 | 962 807 777 574.799 | 1 084 437 761 773.030 | 1 165 205 327 780.680 | 1 171 542 642 703.850 | 1 204 384 363 065.620 | 1 251 022 909 375.330 | 1 317 927 727 958.110 | 1 375 689 541 668.920 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 796 417 621 893.392 | 824 732 266 168.964 | 896 942 258 822.516 | 956 571 150 222.621 | 1 073 562 615 036.900 | 1 159 259 473 984.660 | 1 177 003 294 269.840 | 1 033 309 898 971.420 | 1 171 584 696 314.120 | 1 265 642 956 021.960 | 1 293 167 951 697.090 | 1 317 976 681 292.380 | 1 374 808 049 832.090 | 1 444 824 480 961.170 | 1 491 682 175 028.060 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 857 807 247 943.190 | 873 244 089 341.104 | 963 896 090 653.012 | 1 031 432 206 594.000 | 1 163 787 272 435.040 | 1 271 411 879 565.070 | 1 287 557 568 591.570 | 1 103 812 020 368.040 | 1 258 731 630 855.210 | 1 366 080 584 263.240 | 1 414 793 260 690.340 | 1 431 568 999 519.140 | 1 498 593 190 288.850 | 1 571 721 233 964.230 | 1 607 674 808 387.210 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 59.844 | 63.438 | 65.408 | 67.641 | 66.863 | 64.070 | 65.768 | 73.214 | 82.170 | 79.527 | 80.702 | 78.190 | 75.161 | 72.009 | 69.074 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 64.719 | 67.541 | 69.790 | 72.271 | 69.497 | 66.771 | 71.514 | 78.375 | 87.812 | 86.755 | 89.075 | 84.339 | 84.188 | 80.201 | 77.465 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -3.868 | -3.698 | -3.345 | -3.324 | -1.653 | 0.261 | -0.117 | -3.153 | -4.388 | -0.883 | 0.009 | 0.040 | 0.579 | 0.961 | 1.162 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 488 540 280 000.000 | 492 115 730 000.000 | 489 180 890 000.000 | 492 115 720 000.000 | 497 568 270 000.000 | 506 030 180 000.000 | 524 890 670 000.000 | 541 471 810 000.000 | 549 144 130 000.000 | 554 403 020 000.000 | 561 509 220 000.000 | 569 479 480 000.000 | 579 118 290 000.000 | 595 922 910 000.000 | 619 982 680 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 1 444 515 530 000.000 | 1 450 887 300 000.000 | 1 454 974 900 000.000 | 1 468 239 460 000.000 | 1 489 799 420 000.000 | 1 486 513 310 000.000 | 1 489 158 200 000.000 | 1 489 639 120 000.000 | 1 498 415 350 000.000 | 1 526 307 000 000.000 | 1 549 590 180 000.000 | 1 557 725 210 000.000 | 1 574 396 070 000.000 | 1 603 289 630 000.000 | 1 638 955 700 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 2 201 851 000 000.000 | 2 215 062 000 000.000 | 2 255 351 000 000.000 | 2 285 104 000 000.000 | 2 385 953 000 000.000 | 2 503 000 000 000.000 | 2 543 133 000 000.000 | 2 443 805 000 000.000 | 2 558 935 000 000.000 | 2 689 838 000 000.000 | 2 746 773 000 000.000 | 2 816 098 000 000.000 | 2 932 023 000 000.000 | 3 023 553 000 000.010 | 3 129 374 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 2 597 824 170 000.000 | 2 579 288 850 000.000 | 2 597 445 890 000.000 | 2 620 898 810 000.000 | 2 725 680 340 000.000 | 2 809 808 060 000.000 | 2 829 100 070 000.000 | 2 669 469 120 000.000 | 2 777 428 020 000.000 | 2 888 261 840 000.000 | 2 906 116 240 000.000 | 2 922 079 450 000.000 | 2 986 537 020 000.000 | 3 023 607 780 000.000 | 3 088 367 920 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 513 552 010 000.000 | 505 040 050 000.000 | 497 633 700 000.000 | 503 404 280 000.000 | 544 373 940 000.000 | 565 381 300 000.000 | 570 773 250 000.000 | 517 050 720 000.000 | 542 450 440 000.000 | 583 586 690 000.000 | 585 661 659 999.999 | 578 906 580 000.000 | 597 551 190 000.000 | 604 427 409 999.999 | 626 404 130 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.207 | 0.732 | -0.596 | 0.600 | 1.108 | 1.701 | 3.727 | 3.159 | 1.417 | 0.958 | 1.282 | 1.419 | 1.693 | 2.902 | 4.037 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.326 | 1.074 | 1.780 | 1.928 | 1.775 | 2.271 | 2.754 | 0.246 | 1.119 | 2.482 | 2.159 | 1.607 | 0.769 | 0.680 | 0.367 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.347 | 0.441 | 0.282 | 0.912 | 1.468 | -0.221 | 0.178 | 0.032 | 0.589 | 1.861 | 1.525 | 0.525 | 1.070 | 1.835 | 2.225 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.163 | -0.713 | 0.704 | 0.903 | 3.998 | 3.086 | 0.687 | -5.642 | 4.044 | 3.991 | 0.618 | 0.549 | 2.206 | 1.241 | 2.142 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -6.054 | -1.657 | -1.466 | 1.160 | 8.139 | 3.859 | 0.954 | -9.412 | 4.912 | 7.583 | 0.356 | -1.153 | 3.221 | 1.151 | 3.636 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -2.577 | 5.604 | 6.927 | 6.232 | 11.526 | 6.485 | 1.847 | -9.718 | 12.633 | 7.448 | 0.544 | 2.803 | 3.872 | 5.348 | 4.383 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.406 | 0.640 | 1.513 | 0.636 | 0.651 | 1.874 | 1.306 | 1.362 | 0.609 | 1.193 | 1.320 | 1.155 | 1.107 | 1.885 | 1.050 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.381 | 1.323 | 1.107 | 0.413 | 0.399 | 1.765 | 0.911 | 1.841 | 0.641 | 1.082 | 1.489 | 1.964 | 1.869 | 1.857 | 1.330 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.235 | 1.800 | 10.381 | 7.007 | 12.832 | 9.248 | 1.270 | -14.271 | 14.035 | 8.528 | 3.566 | 1.186 | 4.682 | 4.880 | 2.288 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.815 | 0.824 | 0.838 | 0.855 | 0.870 | 0.890 | 0.914 | 0.916 | 0.927 | 0.950 | 0.970 | 0.986 | 0.993 | 1.000 | 1.004 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.848 | 0.859 | 0.868 | 0.872 | 0.875 | 0.891 | 0.899 | 0.915 | 0.921 | 0.931 | 0.945 | 0.964 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.013 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.943 | 0.921 | 0.918 | 0.943 | 0.970 | 0.971 | 0.998 | 0.931 | 0.975 | 1.027 | 1.047 | 1.030 | 1.015 | 1.000 | 0.975 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.931 | 0.925 | 0.924 | 0.933 | 0.943 | 0.949 | 0.959 | 0.935 | 0.957 | 0.982 | 0.999 | 0.994 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 0.993 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 35 872 500.000 | 35 505 833.333 | 35 428 333.333 | 35 666 666.667 | 36 387 500.000 | 37 175 000.000 | 37 612 500.000 | 37 001 666.667 | 37 255 000.000 | 38 146 666.667 | 38 515 833.333 | 38 882 500.000 | 39 232 500.000 | 39 542 500.000 | 40 515 000.000 |
Labour force | Persons | | 39 251 666.667 | 39 317 500.000 | 39 510 000.000 | 40 090 000.000 | 40 458 333.333 | 40 662 500.000 | 40 610 000.000 | 39 897 500.000 | 39 869 166.667 | 40 378 333.333 | 40 572 500.000 | 40 903 333.333 | 41 178 333.333 | 41 345 000.000 | 42 172 500.000 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 8.609 | 9.695 | 10.331 | 11.034 | 10.062 | 8.577 | 7.381 | 7.258 | 6.557 | 5.527 | 5.069 | 4.941 | 4.725 | 4.360 | 3.930 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.784 | 4.071 | 4.037 | 3.354 | 3.764 | 4.217 | 3.985 | 3.222 | 2.744 | 2.609 | 1.495 | 1.571 | 1.163 | 0.495 | 0.091 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |