External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 7.612 | 7.150 | 7.071 | 6.940 | 6.646 | 6.536 | 6.126 | 5.787 | 5.778 | 5.631 | 5.325 | 5.103 | 4.918 | 4.727 | 4.726 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 49 736 194 267.736 | 51 515 647 746.492 | 56 176 735 338.997 | 59 610 949 464.352 | 66 472 208 770.142 | 68 213 635 671.497 | 69 834 430 626.869 | 63 413 897 822.429 | 72 486 562 000.285 | 77 394 377 545.202 | 78 751 401 249.587 | 83 624 519 012.353 | 90 471 210 817.968 | 95 634 963 131.750 | 99 191 856 839.219 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 56 555 333 681.068 | 58 316 074 903.088 | 63 658 601 335.764 | 67 513 585 419.278 | 75 824 136 123.161 | 78 889 968 852.384 | 79 589 314 064.904 | 73 106 520 180.543 | 81 850 462 166.111 | 86 315 478 892.899 | 87 749 532 858.773 | 93 228 764 395.778 | 100 001 957 149.368 | 105 416 385 464.998 | 110 244 026 693.567 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 63 374 473 094.401 | 65 116 502 059.685 | 71 140 467 332.531 | 75 416 221 374.203 | 85 176 063 476.179 | 89 566 302 033.272 | 89 344 197 502.939 | 82 799 142 538.656 | 91 214 362 331.938 | 95 236 580 240.596 | 96 747 664 467.959 | 102 833 009 779.203 | 109 532 703 480.768 | 115 197 807 798.246 | 121 296 196 547.915 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 7.452 | 7.437 | 7.831 | 7.950 | 8.205 | 8.092 | 14.629 | 15.288 | 19.111 | 18.454 | 20.958 | 22.485 | 21.858 | 21.070 | 19.590 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 18.255 | 19.482 | 20.150 | 18.755 | 17.589 | 17.054 | 24.494 | 22.277 | 27.168 | 26.672 | 27.628 | 28.150 | 29.000 | 28.889 | 26.879 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 2.032 | 0.273 | -1.393 | -0.208 | 1.912 | 4.363 | 3.374 | -0.210 | -0.318 | 0.657 | 0.509 | 0.847 | 1.339 | 1.331 | 1.893 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 6 163 208 000.000 | 6 309 352 000.000 | 6 511 062 000.000 | 6 705 593 000.000 | 6 711 430 000.000 | 6 738 591 000.000 | 6 955 075 000.000 | 7 275 941 000.000 | 7 540 541 000.000 | 7 766 662 000.000 | 8 054 339 000.000 | 8 389 978 000.000 | 8 477 565 000.000 | 8 633 056 000.000 | 8 725 898 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 13 290 539 000.000 | 13 613 792 000.000 | 13 776 430 000.000 | 13 708 754 000.000 | 14 275 924 000.000 | 14 615 362 000.000 | 14 960 853 000.000 | 15 306 751 000.000 | 15 814 445 000.000 | 16 071 331 000.000 | 16 461 134 000.000 | 16 586 940 000.000 | 17 089 903 000.000 | 17 612 589 000.000 | 18 205 940 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 24 997 512 000.000 | 26 218 890 000.000 | 28 187 020 000.000 | 30 283 097 000.000 | 34 174 580 000.000 | 37 642 332 000.000 | 40 006 208 000.000 | 39 042 918 000.000 | 42 354 729 000.000 | 44 440 123 000.000 | 46 283 541 000.000 | 48 910 512 000.000 | 51 772 166 000.000 | 54 259 169 000.000 | 56 203 374 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 38 702 925 000.000 | 39 723 034 000.000 | 41 433 354 000.000 | 42 461 946 000.000 | 45 021 495 000.000 | 48 658 742 000.000 | 48 499 840 000.000 | 46 914 420 000.000 | 48 662 988 000.000 | 49 164 564 000.000 | 49 967 822 000.000 | 51 551 046 000.000 | 52 902 638 000.000 | 54 109 282 000.000 | 56 808 841 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 6 715 405 000.000 | 6 850 798 000.000 | 7 290 686 000.000 | 6 933 829 000.000 | 7 214 491 000.000 | 8 116 985 000.000 | 9 019 223 000.000 | 7 776 376 000.000 | 7 805 030 000.000 | 9 147 892 000.000 | 9 345 445 000.000 | 9 427 855 000.000 | 10 210 934 000.000 | 9 404 787 000.000 | 9 633 008 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.294 | 2.371 | 3.197 | 2.988 | 0.087 | 0.405 | 3.213 | 4.613 | 3.637 | 2.999 | 3.704 | 4.167 | 1.044 | 1.834 | 1.075 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.054 | 2.528 | 3.243 | 3.765 | 2.959 | 2.651 | 4.092 | 0.008 | 2.798 | 3.732 | 2.892 | 1.699 | 0.695 | 0.058 | 0.038 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.157 | 2.432 | 1.195 | -0.491 | 4.137 | 2.378 | 2.364 | 2.312 | 3.317 | 1.624 | 2.425 | 0.764 | 3.032 | 3.058 | 3.369 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.235 | 2.636 | 4.306 | 2.483 | 6.028 | 8.079 | -0.327 | -3.269 | 3.727 | 1.031 | 1.634 | 3.168 | 2.622 | 2.281 | 4.989 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.207 | 2.016 | 6.421 | -4.895 | 4.048 | 12.509 | 11.115 | -13.780 | 0.368 | 17.205 | 2.160 | 0.882 | 8.306 | -7.895 | 2.427 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -1.482 | 3.578 | 9.048 | 6.113 | 11.510 | 2.620 | 2.376 | -9.194 | 14.307 | 6.771 | 1.753 | 6.188 | 8.187 | 5.708 | 3.719 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.257 | 2.072 | 1.757 | 1.619 | 2.099 | 2.129 | 1.983 | 2.034 | 1.509 | 2.359 | 2.113 | 1.972 | 1.274 | 1.676 | 1.008 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.439 | 2.192 | 3.069 | 4.834 | 6.435 | 1.914 | 6.628 | 0.890 | 4.584 | 3.853 | 2.474 | 2.430 | 3.146 | 2.467 | -1.339 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.115 | 2.749 | 9.251 | 6.010 | 12.941 | 5.154 | -0.248 | -7.326 | 10.163 | 4.410 | 1.587 | 6.290 | 6.515 | 5.172 | 5.294 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.736 | 0.755 | 0.779 | 0.808 | 0.832 | 0.854 | 0.889 | 0.889 | 0.914 | 0.949 | 0.976 | 0.993 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.646 | 0.660 | 0.680 | 0.713 | 0.759 | 0.774 | 0.825 | 0.832 | 0.870 | 0.904 | 0.926 | 0.949 | 0.979 | 1.003 | 0.989 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.638 | 0.633 | 0.675 | 0.733 | 0.787 | 0.844 | 0.832 | 0.790 | 0.850 | 0.885 | 0.921 | 0.939 | 0.956 | 1.000 | 0.988 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.596 | 0.593 | 0.631 | 0.685 | 0.746 | 0.790 | 0.803 | 0.774 | 0.839 | 0.875 | 0.913 | 0.934 | 0.958 | 1.000 | 0.982 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 192 599.615 | 194 987.070 | 196 596.799 | 197 893.124 | 201 672.617 | 206 279.972 | 212 192.393 | 214 390.967 | 217 851.609 | 223 686.694 | 229 212.144 | 233 721.054 | 238 915.507 | 243 896.410 | 249 552.832 |
Labour force | Persons | | 197 519.945 | 201 609.002 | 204 139.004 | 206 352.454 | 210 582.541 | 215 283.113 | 221 388.724 | 226 808.199 | 231 321.786 | 237 113.247 | 244 099.392 | 250 855.146 | 257 151.656 | 261 659.004 | 266 483.380 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 2.491 | 3.285 | 3.695 | 4.099 | 4.231 | 4.182 | 4.154 | 5.475 | 5.823 | 5.663 | 6.099 | 6.830 | 7.092 | 6.788 | 6.353 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.703 | 3.316 | 2.843 | 2.413 | 3.304 | 4.461 | 4.608 | 4.229 | 3.169 | 2.923 | 1.821 | 1.851 | 1.337 | 0.369 | 0.254 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |