External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -7.728 | -5.779 | -7.620 | -8.277 | -7.651 | -5.229 | -6.214 | -3.444 | -4.630 | -4.871 | 0.928 | 1.851 | 1.140 | -2.083 | -2.733 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.504 | 1.220 | 1.070 | 1.030 | 0.984 | 0.819 | 0.709 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 30 470 888 236.810 | 33 089 340 347.349 | 40 252 478 697.157 | 46 393 212 637.486 | 55 714 812 259.925 | 60 665 544 690.412 | 63 234 381 189.664 | 51 183 657 450.020 | 59 544 656 669.553 | 64 346 512 272.861 | 65 809 794 001.356 | 69 427 541 226.157 | 72 894 323 200.234 | 78 744 999 549.140 | 82 653 691 945.370 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 27 608 223 110.784 | 31 402 896 997.706 | 38 041 694 444.383 | 43 412 049 628.395 | 52 811 542 750.957 | 58 763 190 730.284 | 60 926 307 492.419 | 50 075 123 810.416 | 58 461 163 936.736 | 63 962 569 795.344 | 67 639 845 367.769 | 71 494 743 514.811 | 74 694 916 840.967 | 80 046 245 068.737 | 84 077 758 397.701 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 24 745 557 984.759 | 29 716 453 648.063 | 35 830 910 191.609 | 40 430 886 619.304 | 49 908 273 241.989 | 56 860 836 770.156 | 58 618 233 795.173 | 48 966 590 170.811 | 57 377 671 203.920 | 63 578 627 317.828 | 69 469 896 734.182 | 73 561 945 803.464 | 76 495 510 481.700 | 81 347 490 588.334 | 85 501 824 850.032 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 45.297 | 43.242 | 41.715 | 34.732 | 31.427 | 30.345 | 28.599 | 36.361 | 40.615 | 43.156 | 51.729 | 54.693 | 53.493 | 51.685 | 52.275 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 51.509 | 49.377 | 46.755 | 39.905 | 37.592 | 36.066 | 34.890 | 44.039 | 48.346 | 51.097 | 60.755 | 65.340 | 67.892 | 66.265 | 67.918 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -8.221 | -3.120 | -2.314 | -2.874 | -3.578 | -2.050 | -2.523 | -8.149 | -7.473 | -4.303 | -4.352 | -2.878 | -3.104 | -2.665 | -2.574 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 10 550 295 000.000 | 11 185 639 000.000 | 10 621 517 000.000 | 11 253 200 000.000 | 12 152 104 000.000 | 12 176 000 000.000 | 12 939 945 000.000 | 13 714 923 000.000 | 14 005 615 000.000 | 13 676 168 000.000 | 13 401 536 000.000 | 13 600 327 000.000 | 14 114 341 000.000 | 14 862 878 000.000 | 15 149 529 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 30 291 939 000.000 | 30 591 443 000.000 | 32 702 629 000.000 | 34 265 167 000.000 | 36 482 637 000.000 | 39 296 085 000.000 | 41 986 821 000.000 | 41 978 555 000.000 | 42 308 661 000.000 | 41 518 133 000.000 | 41 615 999 000.000 | 41 189 672 000.000 | 42 003 922 000.000 | 43 124 219 000.000 | 44 736 829 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 37 329 500 000.000 | 41 479 498 000.000 | 46 175 205 000.000 | 50 485 664 000.000 | 56 361 424 999.000 | 63 163 352 000.000 | 68 590 534 000.000 | 64 095 518 999.000 | 68 764 947 000.000 | 71 785 846 000.000 | 73 649 257 000.000 | 74 492 792 999.000 | 76 354 524 001.000 | 80 126 048 000.000 | 81 265 197 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 46 721 480 000.000 | 49 290 733 001.000 | 51 892 732 000.000 | 55 329 827 000.000 | 60 029 087 000.000 | 66 531 454 999.000 | 70 240 508 000.000 | 66 408 514 000.000 | 70 868 930 000.000 | 72 762 159 999.000 | 73 721 749 001.000 | 74 188 215 999.000 | 76 189 213 000.000 | 80 126 048 000.000 | 81 683 659 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 11 603 776 000.000 | 11 088 112 000.000 | 11 742 932 000.000 | 13 732 376 000.000 | 14 671 006 000.000 | 16 154 926 000.000 | 16 751 148 000.000 | 13 445 321 000.000 | 14 595 857 000.000 | 16 653 268 000.000 | 14 993 024 000.000 | 15 174 054 000.000 | 15 627 580 000.000 | 18 971 017 000.000 | 17 223 418 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.220 | 6.022 | -5.043 | 5.947 | 7.988 | 0.197 | 6.274 | 5.989 | 2.120 | -2.352 | -2.008 | 1.483 | 3.779 | 5.303 | 1.929 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.503 | 8.433 | 7.473 | 2.789 | 4.264 | 1.890 | 3.936 | 0.926 | 0.695 | 4.081 | 3.742 | 1.464 | -0.102 | -0.344 | -0.482 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.655 | 0.989 | 6.901 | 4.778 | 6.471 | 7.712 | 6.847 | -0.020 | 0.786 | -1.868 | 0.236 | -1.024 | 1.977 | 2.667 | 3.739 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.509 | 5.499 | 5.279 | 6.623 | 8.493 | 10.832 | 5.575 | -5.456 | 6.717 | 2.671 | 1.319 | 0.633 | 2.697 | 5.167 | 1.944 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.273 | -4.444 | 5.906 | 16.942 | 6.835 | 10.115 | 3.691 | -19.735 | 8.557 | 14.096 | -9.969 | 1.207 | 2.989 | 21.394 | -9.212 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 5.444 | 8.593 | 21.648 | 15.256 | 20.093 | 8.886 | 4.234 | -19.057 | 16.335 | 8.064 | 2.274 | 5.497 | 4.993 | 8.026 | 4.964 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 4.312 | 7.021 | 6.157 | 2.796 | 2.303 | 1.213 | 2.853 | 1.840 | 0.357 | 1.935 | 2.965 | 1.428 | 0.500 | 0.489 | 0.877 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.938 | 5.325 | 5.739 | 2.543 | 2.899 | 1.116 | 2.858 | -1.161 | 0.533 | 1.677 | 1.260 | 0.509 | -0.193 | -0.217 | -0.512 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 7.392 | 20.088 | 20.576 | 12.838 | 23.441 | 13.931 | 3.091 | -16.465 | 17.177 | 10.807 | 9.266 | 5.890 | 3.988 | 6.343 | 5.107 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.682 | 0.740 | 0.795 | 0.817 | 0.852 | 0.868 | 0.902 | 0.911 | 0.917 | 0.954 | 0.990 | 1.004 | 1.003 | 1.000 | 0.995 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.799 | 0.842 | 0.890 | 0.912 | 0.939 | 0.949 | 0.977 | 0.965 | 0.970 | 0.987 | 0.999 | 1.004 | 1.002 | 1.000 | 0.995 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.863 | 0.879 | 0.891 | 0.912 | 0.945 | 0.960 | 0.982 | 0.949 | 0.984 | 1.037 | 1.056 | 1.048 | 1.013 | 1.001 | 0.984 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.952 | 0.967 | 0.984 | 1.000 | 1.022 | 1.027 | 1.040 | 0.987 | 1.015 | 1.055 | 1.069 | 1.049 | 1.014 | 1.000 | 0.985 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 2 126 950.000 | 2 164 550.000 | 2 170 350.000 | 2 216 150.000 | 2 301 400.000 | 2 357 275.000 | 2 433 750.000 | 2 365 800.000 | 2 317 500.000 | 2 315 325.000 | 2 328 975.000 | 2 329 250.000 | 2 363 025.000 | 2 424 000.000 | 2 492 100.000 |
Labour force | Persons | | 2 613 850.000 | 2 623 725.000 | 2 651 075.000 | 2 643 600.000 | 2 654 775.000 | 2 649 125.000 | 2 691 200.000 | 2 689 975.000 | 2 706 500.000 | 2 679 950.000 | 2 706 475.000 | 2 715 275.000 | 2 721 700.000 | 2 738 250.000 | 2 758 125.000 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 18.628 | 17.501 | 18.133 | 16.169 | 13.311 | 11.017 | 9.566 | 12.051 | 14.373 | 13.606 | 13.948 | 14.217 | 13.178 | 11.476 | 9.645 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 6.934 | 4.986 | 5.026 | 3.522 | 4.412 | 4.491 | 4.723 | 4.707 | 3.872 | 4.448 | 4.553 | 3.186 | 2.072 | 0.885 | 0.544 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 7.771 | 6.180 | 4.681 | 2.928 | 4.322 | 4.337 | 4.152 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |