External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 7.196 | 6.635 | 7.263 | 8.656 | 8.505 | 7.790 | 8.023 | 8.365 | 6.931 | 7.798 | 4.382 | 6.731 | 6.925 | 6.868 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 414 793 260 690.340 | 1 431 568 999 519.140 | 1 498 593 190 288.850 | 1 571 721 233 964.230 | 1 607 674 808 387.210 | 1 697 106 081 273.650 | 1 737 745 879 906.720 | 1 777 716 235 371.130 | 1 599 365 770 079.880 | 1 751 135 009 525.950 | 1 811 543 377 844.340 | 1 799 330 880 426.520 | 1 807 667 038 797.280 | 1 848 934 236 645.360 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 293 167 951 697.090 | 1 317 976 681 292.380 | 1 374 808 049 832.090 | 1 444 824 480 961.170 | 1 491 682 175 028.060 | 1 575 725 380 868.330 | 1 626 031 974 884.630 | 1 671 564 370 888.100 | 1 512 711 828 973.760 | 1 651 078 287 861.520 | 1 733 812 753 105.650 | 1 717 321 965 758.080 | 1 729 170 802 649.900 | 1 770 014 600 411.360 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 1 171 542 642 703.850 | 1 204 384 363 065.620 | 1 251 022 909 375.330 | 1 317 927 727 958.110 | 1 375 689 541 668.920 | 1 454 344 680 463.000 | 1 514 318 069 862.550 | 1 565 412 506 405.080 | 1 426 057 887 867.640 | 1 551 021 566 197.090 | 1 656 082 128 366.950 | 1 635 313 051 089.640 | 1 650 674 566 502.520 | 1 691 094 964 177.360 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 43.178 | 39.925 | 40.185 | 39.836 | 39.407 | 39.182 | 38.818 | 40.353 | 46.169 | 45.822 | 39.301 | 38.530 | 38.530 | 38.530 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 89.075 | 84.339 | 84.188 | 80.201 | 77.465 | 73.188 | 70.045 | 68.544 | 81.725 | 79.346 | 65.549 | 65.442 | 66.253 | 66.346 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 0.009 | 0.040 | 0.579 | 0.961 | 1.162 | 1.334 | 1.947 | 1.524 | -4.348 | -3.705 | -2.504 | -2.196 | -1.606 | -0.897 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 1.757 | 1.395 | 1.729 | 1.966 | 2.025 | 2.109 | 2.617 | 2.063 | -3.902 | -3.299 | -2.025 | -1.616 | -0.776 | 0.168 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 80.702 | 78.190 | 75.161 | 72.009 | 69.074 | 65.122 | 61.824 | 59.474 | 68.915 | 69.161 | 66.190 | 66.083 | 66.893 | 66.987 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.019 | 0.008 | 0.001 | -0.007 | 0.001 | 0.007 | -0.001 | -0.004 | -0.001 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 1 275 324 080 000.000 | 1 290 446 080 000.000 | 1 350 863 080 000.000 | 1 416 782 220 000.000 | 1 449 191 520 000.000 | 1 529 806 730 000.000 | 1 566 440 290 000.000 | 1 602 470 400 000.000 | 1 441 701 580 000.000 | 1 578 509 530 000.000 | 1 632 962 890 000.000 | 1 621 954 290 746.230 | 1 629 468 677 335.640 | 1 666 667 788 041.110 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 561 509 220 000.000 | 569 479 480 000.000 | 579 118 290 000.000 | 595 922 910 000.000 | 619 982 680 000.000 | 630 291 890 000.000 | 635 401 780 000.000 | 652 176 620 000.000 | 679 007 370 000.000 | 700 177 020 000.000 | 711 156 610 000.000 | 693 262 510 789.190 | 696 870 601 581.085 | 701 061 242 354.974 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 572 139 749 999.999 | 588 390 580 000.000 | 608 898 300 000.000 | 595 545 129 999.999 | 620 130 480 000.000 | 663 729 910 000.000 | 682 803 710 000.000 | 683 684 980 000.000 | 658 487 250 000.000 | 684 461 680 000.000 | 708 135 900 000.000 | 718 274 498 774.893 | 729 416 219 266.479 | 741 082 196 294.720 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 2 746 773 000 000.000 | 2 816 098 000 000.000 | 2 932 023 000 000.000 | 3 023 553 000 000.010 | 3 129 374 000 000.000 | 3 271 307 000 000.000 | 3 370 332 000 000.000 | 3 480 297 000 000.000 | 3 396 718 000 000.000 | 3 608 303 000 000.000 | 3 870 180 000 000.000 | 4 109 998 467 757.810 | 4 235 213 124 963.750 | 4 361 651 002 356.220 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 3 734 641 641 297.450 | 3 755 155 916 664.080 | 3 837 990 154 918.370 | 3 885 629 682 224.600 | 3 968 852 752 317.710 | 4 087 270 983 142.890 | 4 128 299 199 750.880 | 4 173 896 977 586.940 | 3 998 700 495 379.520 | 4 123 632 562 285.580 | 4 201 216 818 934.060 | 4 196 828 220 077.170 | 4 223 629 898 391.690 | 4 276 205 782 391.820 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 3 224 031 466 521.390 | 3 241 740 975 397.300 | 3 313 249 895 472.530 | 3 354 376 019 432.340 | 3 426 220 609 219.410 | 3 528 448 383 410.230 | 3 563 867 112 719.280 | 3 603 230 640 646.900 | 3 451 987 489 171.640 | 3 559 838 510 385.750 | 3 626 815 240 355.080 | 3 623 026 662 449.210 | 3 646 163 943 757.840 | 3 691 551 512 546.820 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 2 906 116 240 000.000 | 2 922 079 450 000.000 | 2 986 537 020 000.000 | 3 023 607 780 000.000 | 3 088 367 920 000.000 | 3 180 515 220 000.000 | 3 212 441 380 000.000 | 3 247 923 350 000.000 | 3 111 593 980 000.000 | 3 208 810 030 000.000 | 3 269 182 320 000.000 | 3 265 767 326 103.980 | 3 286 623 086 867.690 | 3 327 535 079 235.460 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 585 661 659 999.999 | 578 906 580 000.000 | 597 551 190 000.000 | 604 427 409 999.999 | 626 404 130 000.000 | 647 123 740 000.000 | 669 312 490 000.000 | 681 398 880 000.000 | 659 391 900 000.000 | 657 301 780 000.000 | 658 937 530 000.000 | 668 193 727 340.151 | 676 033 250 136.592 | 687 334 405 313.978 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 1 055 999 760 000.000 | 1 085 602 480 000.000 | 1 127 641 320 000.000 | 1 187 947 680 000.000 | 1 240 012 760 000.000 | 1 310 910 570 000.000 | 1 364 969 110 000.000 | 1 411 024 380 000.000 | 1 285 413 550 000.000 | 1 398 052 740 000.000 | 1 492 751 750 000.000 | 1 474 031 013 920.220 | 1 487 877 506 568.410 | 1 524 311 460 133.450 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.014 | -0.006 | 0.006 | 0.001 | -0.007 | 0.003 | -0.005 | -0.003 | -0.011 | 0.008 | -0.012 | 0.003 | -0.002 | 0.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 1 549 590 180 000.000 | 1 557 725 210 000.000 | 1 574 396 070 000.000 | 1 603 289 630 000.000 | 1 638 955 700 000.000 | 1 666 927 430 000.000 | 1 691 412 860 000.000 | 1 719 064 040 000.000 | 1 614 630 610 000.000 | 1 638 795 340 000.000 | 1 703 154 580 000.000 | 1 692 008 932 100.000 | 1 702 601 581 052.300 | 1 726 777 940 456.760 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.566 | 1.186 | 4.682 | 4.880 | 2.288 | 5.563 | 2.395 | 2.300 | -10.033 | 9.489 | 3.450 | -0.674 | 0.463 | 2.283 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.282 | 1.419 | 1.693 | 2.902 | 4.037 | 1.663 | 0.811 | 2.640 | 4.114 | 3.118 | 1.568 | -2.516 | 0.520 | 0.601 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.489 | 1.964 | 1.869 | 1.857 | 1.330 | 1.507 | 2.003 | 2.135 | 1.875 | 3.011 | 5.277 | 6.308 | 2.393 | 1.719 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 2.117 | 2.524 | 4.117 | 3.122 | 3.500 | 4.536 | 3.027 | 3.263 | -2.401 | 6.229 | 7.258 | 6.197 | 3.047 | 2.985 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.618 | 0.549 | 2.206 | 1.241 | 2.142 | 2.984 | 1.004 | 1.105 | -4.197 | 3.124 | 1.881 | -0.104 | 0.639 | 1.245 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.356 | -1.153 | 3.221 | 1.151 | 3.636 | 3.308 | 3.429 | 1.806 | -3.230 | -0.317 | 0.249 | 1.405 | 1.173 | 1.672 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.320 | 1.155 | 1.107 | 1.885 | 1.050 | 1.286 | 1.343 | 1.342 | 0.713 | 2.204 | 3.943 | 5.247 | 3.110 | 2.306 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.159 | 1.607 | 0.769 | 0.680 | 0.367 | 1.702 | 1.935 | 1.354 | 0.371 | 3.212 | 8.666 | 6.154 | 2.663 | 2.053 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.544 | 2.803 | 3.872 | 5.348 | 4.383 | 5.718 | 4.124 | 3.374 | -8.902 | 8.763 | 6.774 | -1.254 | 0.939 | 2.449 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.525 | 0.525 | 1.070 | 1.835 | 2.225 | 1.707 | 1.469 | 1.635 | -6.075 | 1.497 | 3.927 | -0.654 | 0.626 | 1.420 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 1 613 950 000 000.000 | 1 636 964 000 000.000 | 1 678 034 000 000.000 | 1 724 532 000 000.000 | 1 784 886 000 000.000 | 1 844 459 000 000.000 | 1 920 280 000 000.000 | 1 960 542 000 000.000 | 1 988 876 000 000.000 | 2 031 202 000 000.000 | 2 176 234 152 245.820 | 2 316 110 622 537.790 | 2 402 258 926 535.940 | 2 474 297 554 632.940 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.970 | 0.986 | 0.993 | 1.000 | 1.004 | 1.021 | 1.041 | 1.055 | 1.059 | 1.093 | 1.187 | 1.260 | 1.294 | 1.320 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.960 | 0.971 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.010 | 1.023 | 1.037 | 1.051 | 1.059 | 1.082 | 1.125 | 1.184 | 1.220 | 1.249 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.999 | 0.994 | 0.992 | 1.000 | 0.993 | 1.010 | 1.021 | 1.026 | 1.022 | 1.077 | 1.204 | 1.211 | 1.224 | 1.244 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.945 | 0.964 | 0.982 | 1.000 | 1.013 | 1.029 | 1.049 | 1.072 | 1.092 | 1.124 | 1.184 | 1.259 | 1.289 | 1.311 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.047 | 1.030 | 1.015 | 1.000 | 0.975 | 1.001 | 1.019 | 1.017 | 0.994 | 1.078 | 1.267 | 1.226 | 1.233 | 1.253 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.787 | 0.775 | 0.769 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.745 | 0.735 | 0.728 | 0.725 | 0.736 | 0.728 | 0.747 | 0.751 | 0.747 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 40 572 500.000 | 40 903 333.333 | 41 178 333.333 | 41 345 000.000 | 42 172 500.000 | 42 443 333.333 | 42 574 166.667 | 42 881 666.667 | 42 773 333.333 | 42 905 833.333 | 43 777 500.000 | 44 177 500.000 | 44 127 435.956 | 44 149 474.859 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 38 515 833.333 | 38 882 500.000 | 39 232 500.000 | 39 542 500.000 | 40 515 000.000 | 40 935 833.333 | 41 205 833.333 | 41 597 500.000 | 41 203 333.333 | 41 370 833.333 | 42 440 000.000 | 42 862 500.000 | 42 811 468.816 | 42 870 321.859 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 5.069 | 4.941 | 4.725 | 4.360 | 3.930 | 3.552 | 3.214 | 2.995 | 3.671 | 3.578 | 3.055 | 2.977 | 2.982 | 2.897 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 1.495 | 1.571 | 1.163 | 0.495 | 0.091 | 0.316 | 0.396 | -0.254 | -0.511 | -0.374 | 1.143 | 2.496 | 3.430 | 3.511 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |