External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 0.928 | 1.851 | 1.140 | -2.083 | -2.733 | -1.911 | -2.195 | -3.349 | 0.563 | -2.459 | -8.152 | -2.225 | -3.575 | -3.432 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.937 | 0.937 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar | | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.078 | 1.067 | 1.067 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 69 469 896 734.182 | 73 561 945 803.464 | 76 495 510 481.700 | 81 347 490 588.334 | 85 501 824 850.032 | 88 968 030 415.799 | 93 130 456 472.601 | 93 864 101 100.032 | 87 825 514 425.344 | 96 975 466 753.263 | 100 025 642 018.981 | 98 251 736 556.494 | 101 840 506 820.566 | 105 003 847 265.787 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 67 639 845 367.769 | 71 494 743 514.811 | 74 694 916 840.967 | 80 046 245 068.737 | 84 077 758 397.701 | 87 739 359 249.305 | 91 578 911 594.632 | 92 925 566 137.119 | 86 103 367 387.584 | 95 584 390 383.346 | 99 228 349 221.429 | 93 816 721 683.856 | 97 487 863 585.211 | 100 513 759 416.450 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 65 809 794 001.356 | 69 427 541 226.157 | 72 894 323 200.234 | 78 744 999 549.140 | 82 653 691 945.370 | 86 510 688 082.812 | 90 027 366 716.664 | 91 987 031 174.205 | 84 381 220 349.823 | 94 193 314 013.429 | 98 431 056 423.877 | 89 381 706 811.218 | 93 135 220 349.856 | 96 023 671 567.112 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 26.920 | 28.643 | 25.364 | 24.593 | 24.143 | 23.333 | 22.409 | 21.331 | 27.928 | 29.561 | 28.610 | 26.798 | 25.400 | 23.400 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 60.755 | 65.340 | 67.892 | 66.265 | 67.918 | 65.718 | 64.903 | 64.268 | 79.090 | 79.575 | 65.396 | 65.980 | 66.778 | 66.933 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -4.352 | -2.878 | -3.104 | -2.665 | -2.574 | -0.980 | -1.011 | -1.207 | -5.350 | -5.181 | -2.021 | -5.649 | -4.419 | -4.279 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -2.764 | -1.181 | -1.416 | -1.177 | -1.159 | 0.234 | 0.144 | -0.146 | -4.342 | -4.287 | -1.230 | -4.900 | -3.512 | -3.249 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 51.729 | 54.693 | 53.493 | 51.685 | 52.275 | 51.462 | 49.408 | 47.978 | 58.851 | 61.082 | 57.803 | 58.387 | 59.185 | 59.340 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | -0.021 | 0.001 | 0.009 | -0.004 | 0.014 | -0.001 | 0.006 | 0.000 | -0.019 | 0.024 | -0.002 | -0.064 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 62 629 230 000.000 | 66 318 337 000.000 | 68 963 035 000.000 | 73 337 243 000.000 | 77 082 502 000.000 | 80 207 392 000.000 | 83 959 946 000.000 | 84 621 349 000.000 | 79 177 379 000.000 | 87 426 340 000.000 | 90 176 166 000.000 | 88 576 936 140.288 | 91 812 321 952.732 | 94 664 169 812.391 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 13 401 536 000.000 | 13 600 327 000.000 | 14 114 341 000.000 | 14 862 878 000.000 | 15 149 529 000.000 | 15 309 517 000.000 | 15 385 000 000.000 | 16 082 394 000.000 | 15 983 049 000.000 | 16 647 572 000.000 | 15 943 518 000.000 | 15 542 596 380.528 | 15 721 810 946.831 | 15 847 963 261.218 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 15 322 921 000.000 | 15 593 931 000.000 | 16 732 746 000.000 | 19 732 709 000.000 | 19 119 696 000.000 | 19 566 367 000.000 | 20 557 736 000.000 | 21 778 497 000.000 | 17 946 767 000.000 | 20 828 571 000.000 | 21 410 371 000.000 | 16 690 559 612.537 | 17 964 069 200.221 | 18 755 856 121.687 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 73 649 257 000.000 | 74 492 792 999.000 | 76 354 524 001.000 | 80 126 048 000.000 | 81 265 197 000.000 | 84 669 876 999.000 | 89 874 693 000.000 | 94 429 734 000.000 | 93 444 095 999.000 | 100 255 721 001.000 | 109 645 184 000.000 | 120 280 972 388.668 | 127 516 418 733.976 | 134 415 480 975.841 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 | | 149 980 190 566.243 | 150 929 175 230.890 | 155 000 021 563.203 | 163 009 154 166.933 | 166 177 972 022.908 | 171 060 394 968.397 | 177 954 795 534.399 | 182 423 696 364.389 | 176 338 956 002.343 | 184 784 086 870.305 | 188 018 636 481.466 | 190 079 423 875.650 | 193 417 705 544.545 | 198 071 319 482.643 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 | | 81 790 495 662.502 | 82 308 016 848.497 | 84 528 020 290.476 | 88 895 736 606.961 | 90 623 826 044.145 | 93 286 416 291.817 | 97 046 222 419.947 | 99 483 301 694.026 | 96 165 037 273.169 | 100 770 521 750.935 | 102 534 457 474.333 | 103 658 291 373.924 | 105 478 796 544.167 | 108 016 607 632.298 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 73 721 749 001.000 | 74 188 215 999.000 | 76 189 213 000.000 | 80 126 048 000.000 | 81 683 659 000.000 | 84 083 581 000.000 | 87 472 477 001.000 | 89 669 135 000.000 | 86 678 222 000.000 | 90 829 369 000.000 | 92 419 290 000.000 | 93 432 256 115.358 | 95 073 165 907.243 | 97 360 618 386.112 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 14 993 024 000.000 | 15 174 054 000.000 | 15 627 580 000.000 | 18 971 017 000.000 | 17 223 418 000.000 | 17 723 839 000.000 | 18 218 177 000.000 | 19 442 807 000.000 | 17 327 029 000.000 | 17 928 433 000.000 | 18 728 505 000.000 | 19 901 028 222.790 | 20 715 349 372.435 | 21 521 455 744.172 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 | | 59 242 012 000.000 | 62 498 710 000.000 | 65 619 509 000.000 | 70 886 291 000.000 | 74 404 898 000.000 | 77 876 968 000.000 | 81 042 684 000.000 | 82 806 775 000.000 | 75 960 020 000.000 | 84 792 872 000.000 | 88 607 690 000.000 | 80 461 460 605.416 | 83 840 375 514.245 | 86 440 560 855.512 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.059 | 0.007 | -0.007 | -0.012 | 0.003 | -0.004 | 0.007 | -0.013 | 0.017 | -0.008 | -0.012 | 0.079 | -0.005 | 0.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 41 615 999 000.000 | 41 189 672 000.000 | 42 003 922 000.000 | 43 124 219 000.000 | 44 736 829 000.000 | 46 947 575 000.000 | 48 791 291 000.000 | 50 108 996 000.000 | 49 443 065 000.000 | 50 810 969 000.000 | 53 636 917 000.000 | 52 645 738 724.112 | 53 186 327 956.678 | 54 413 977 372.018 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 9.266 | 5.890 | 3.988 | 6.343 | 5.107 | 4.054 | 4.679 | 0.788 | -6.433 | 10.418 | 3.145 | -1.773 | 3.653 | 3.106 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -2.008 | 1.483 | 3.779 | 5.303 | 1.929 | 1.056 | 0.493 | 4.533 | -0.618 | 4.158 | -4.229 | -2.515 | 1.153 | 0.802 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.260 | 0.509 | -0.193 | -0.217 | -0.512 | 1.216 | 2.035 | 2.494 | 2.371 | 2.386 | 7.484 | 8.511 | 4.186 | 2.934 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage | | 2.596 | 1.145 | 2.499 | 4.939 | 1.422 | 4.190 | 6.147 | 5.068 | -1.044 | 7.290 | 9.366 | 9.700 | 6.015 | 5.410 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.319 | 0.633 | 2.697 | 5.167 | 1.944 | 2.938 | 4.030 | 2.511 | -3.335 | 4.789 | 1.750 | 1.096 | 1.756 | 2.406 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -9.969 | 1.207 | 2.989 | 21.394 | -9.212 | 2.905 | 2.789 | 6.722 | -10.882 | 3.471 | 4.463 | 6.261 | 4.092 | 3.891 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.965 | 1.428 | 0.500 | 0.489 | 0.877 | 1.359 | 2.020 | 2.017 | 2.446 | 3.346 | 8.239 | 9.550 | 4.935 | 3.371 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.742 | 1.464 | -0.102 | -0.344 | -0.482 | 1.391 | 2.533 | 2.772 | 2.014 | 2.820 | 12.126 | 11.066 | 5.171 | 3.396 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.274 | 5.497 | 4.993 | 8.026 | 4.964 | 4.666 | 4.065 | 2.177 | -8.268 | 11.628 | 4.499 | -9.194 | 4.199 | 3.101 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.236 | -1.024 | 1.977 | 2.667 | 3.739 | 4.942 | 3.927 | 2.701 | -1.329 | 2.767 | 5.562 | -1.848 | 1.027 | 2.308 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro | | 40 744 814 000.000 | 40 850 948 000.000 | 41 776 282 000.000 | 43 991 295 000.000 | 45 388 235 000.000 | 47 625 171 000.000 | 52 129 630 000.000 | 54 565 339 000.000 | 55 952 302 000.000 | 58 328 640 000.000 | 64 382 359 000.000 | 71 978 408 531.517 | 77 520 299 849.054 | 81 925 735 498.989 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.990 | 1.004 | 1.003 | 1.000 | 0.995 | 1.009 | 1.035 | 1.063 | 1.085 | 1.115 | 1.251 | 1.389 | 1.461 | 1.510 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.976 | 0.990 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 1.009 | 1.022 | 1.043 | 1.064 | 1.090 | 1.127 | 1.220 | 1.336 | 1.402 | 1.449 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.069 | 1.049 | 1.014 | 1.000 | 0.985 | 1.008 | 1.025 | 1.025 | 1.002 | 1.053 | 1.207 | 1.299 | 1.318 | 1.351 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.999 | 1.004 | 1.002 | 1.000 | 0.995 | 1.007 | 1.027 | 1.053 | 1.078 | 1.104 | 1.186 | 1.287 | 1.341 | 1.381 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 1.056 | 1.048 | 1.013 | 1.001 | 0.984 | 1.019 | 1.042 | 1.045 | 1.018 | 1.087 | 1.297 | 1.427 | 1.456 | 1.493 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro | | 0.505 | 0.491 | 0.485 | 0.492 | 0.503 | 0.516 | 0.526 | 0.518 | 0.520 | 0.533 | 0.539 | 0.564 | 0.576 | 0.583 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons | | 2 706 475.000 | 2 715 275.000 | 2 721 700.000 | 2 738 250.000 | 2 758 125.000 | 2 754 650.000 | 2 746 200.000 | 2 741 375.000 | 2 712 700.000 | 2 748 150.000 | 2 774 325.000 | 2 773 667.779 | 2 761 499.079 | 2 751 203.770 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 2 328 975.000 | 2 329 250.000 | 2 363 025.000 | 2 424 000.000 | 2 492 100.000 | 2 530 675.000 | 2 566 725.000 | 2 583 650.000 | 2 531 275.000 | 2 560 550.000 | 2 603 925.000 | 2 608 151.477 | 2 588 773.462 | 2 582 305.895 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 13.948 | 14.217 | 13.178 | 11.476 | 9.645 | 8.131 | 6.535 | 5.753 | 6.688 | 6.826 | 6.142 | 5.967 | 6.255 | 6.139 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.553 | 3.186 | 2.072 | 0.885 | 0.544 | 0.915 | 0.886 | 0.246 | -0.038 | -0.080 | 2.074 | 3.707 | 4.672 | 4.753 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.386 | 3.777 | 3.527 |