External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 0.086 | 2.038 | 1.698 | 2.025 | 3.174 | 2.771 | 1.878 | 2.107 | 0.607 | 0.955 | 0.585 | 4.018 | 3.614 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.887 | 0.847 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 0.846 | 0.951 | 0.923 | 0.921 |
Exchange rate, USD per national currency | US Dollar |  | 1.286 | 1.328 | 1.329 | 1.109 | 1.106 | 1.129 | 1.181 | 1.119 | 1.141 | 1.183 | 1.054 | 1.084 | 1.086 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 353 188 949 494.289 | 368 651 823 548.102 | 385 337 173 188.922 | 401 970 384 578.753 | 423 561 167 110.452 | 446 905 791 659.446 | 454 626 690 103.706 | 464 690 481 868.982 | 372 021 951 346.041 | 425 512 468 886.810 | 486 900 267 465.609 | 515 363 577 603.390 | 527 574 735 213.882 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 339 844 375 860.578 | 347 226 386 261.425 | 366 645 885 127.933 | 383 795 219 426.030 | 399 433 774 658.157 | 423 842 964 775.257 | 435 559 966 629.353 | 443 274 682 496.518 | 365 610 715 013.429 | 417 363 827 300.938 | 464 223 422 531.833 | 484 852 208 413.202 | 498 318 170 351.619 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 326 499 802 226.867 | 325 800 948 974.747 | 347 954 597 066.945 | 365 620 054 273.307 | 375 306 382 205.863 | 400 780 137 891.068 | 416 493 243 155.000 | 421 858 883 124.053 | 359 199 478 680.816 | 409 215 185 715.066 | 441 546 577 598.057 | 454 340 839 223.014 | 469 061 605 489.356 |
Government accounts | General government gross financial assets as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 37.919 | 41.394 | 41.919 | 40.038 | 38.409 | 38.036 | 37.454 | 35.600 | 40.841 | 41.706 | 39.382 | 39.382 | 39.382 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio |  | 97.149 | 111.293 | 124.110 | 121.318 | 121.121 | 119.264 | 117.643 | 120.558 | 148.207 | 142.702 | 117.707 | 115.243 | 114.350 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -11.551 | -7.528 | -6.110 | -5.309 | -4.298 | -3.116 | -2.594 | -3.060 | -10.125 | -6.873 | -4.806 | -3.465 | -3.238 |
General government primary balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | -9.005 | -4.547 | -3.109 | -2.698 | -1.899 | -0.871 | -0.402 | -1.008 | -8.079 | -4.902 | -2.637 | -1.224 | -0.787 |
Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage |  | 89.982 | 100.488 | 105.059 | 103.299 | 102.749 | 101.800 | 100.415 | 98.221 | 120.376 | 118.262 | 113.219 | 110.755 | 109.863 |
Expenditure and GDP | Change in inventories, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.006 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.009 | -0.002 | 0.000 | 0.003 | -0.002 | -0.008 | 0.010 | -0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Exports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 318 382 000 000.000 | 332 321 000 000.000 | 347 362 000 000.000 | 362 356 000 000.000 | 381 819 000 000.000 | 402 863 000 000.000 | 409 823 000 000.000 | 418 895 000 000.000 | 335 359 000 000.000 | 383 578 000 000.000 | 438 916 000 000.000 | 464 574 236 536.740 | 475 581 978 392.510 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 211 836 000 000.000 | 207 634 000 000.000 | 206 342 000 000.000 | 210 417 000 000.000 | 212 563 000 000.000 | 214 743 000 000.000 | 219 583 000 000.000 | 223 712 000 000.000 | 231 478 000 000.000 | 238 094 000 000.000 | 236 520 000 000.000 | 240 695 096 241.600 | 245 478 119 261.314 |
Gross capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 182 970 000 000.000 | 175 738 000 000.000 | 186 007 000 000.000 | 204 701 000 000.000 | 207 599 000 000.000 | 220 696 000 000.000 | 237 809 000 000.000 | 245 280 000 000.000 | 212 944 000 000.000 | 225 432 000 000.000 | 233 225 000 000.000 | 235 004 913 404.933 | 241 669 403 343.971 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro |  | 1 031 104 000 000.000 | 1 020 677 000 000.000 | 1 032 608 000 000.000 | 1 078 092 000 000.000 | 1 114 420 000 000.000 | 1 162 492 000 000.000 | 1 203 859 000 000.000 | 1 245 513 000 000.000 | 1 117 989 000 000.000 | 1 206 842 000 000.000 | 1 327 108 000 000.000 | 1 435 794 815 514.550 | 1 518 460 668 740.940 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, at constant purchasing power parities | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 1 562 314 234 471.030 | 1 540 389 624 710.430 | 1 561 888 499 287.670 | 1 621 843 446 275.370 | 1 671 111 387 105.570 | 1 720 838 159 140.450 | 1 760 151 719 376.050 | 1 795 072 534 963.570 | 1 591 772 702 175.970 | 1 679 632 108 231.130 | 1 771 202 781 768.070 | 1 808 081 854 672.290 | 1 841 539 488 095.300 |
Gross domestic product, volume in USD, constant exchange rates | US Dollar, 2015 |  | 1 152 186 781 578.250 | 1 136 017 662 075.880 | 1 151 872 807 321.410 | 1 196 088 814 501.830 | 1 232 423 291 220.830 | 1 269 096 150 089.420 | 1 298 089 398 336.670 | 1 323 843 053 545.160 | 1 173 912 025 032.030 | 1 238 707 214 156.290 | 1 306 239 415 618.430 | 1 333 437 260 571.500 | 1 358 111 837 633.090 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 |  | 1 038 521 000 000.000 | 1 023 947 000 000.000 | 1 038 238 000 000.000 | 1 078 092 000 000.000 | 1 110 842 000 000.000 | 1 143 897 000 000.000 | 1 170 030 000 000.000 | 1 193 243 000 000.000 | 1 058 103 000 000.000 | 1 116 506 000 000.000 | 1 177 376 000 000.000 | 1 201 890 717 223.030 | 1 224 131 092 528.740 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 184 844 000 000.000 | 177 853 000 000.000 | 185 109 000 000.000 | 194 121 000 000.000 | 198 695 000 000.000 | 212 240 000 000.000 | 225 669 000 000.000 | 235 829 000 000.000 | 212 940 000 000.000 | 214 899 000 000.000 | 224 862 000 000.000 | 224 954 091 071.269 | 231 415 784 668.982 |
Imports of goods and services, volume (national accounts basis) | Euro, 2015 |  | 294 332 000 000.000 | 293 702 000 000.000 | 313 673 000 000.000 | 329 598 000 000.000 | 338 330 000 000.000 | 361 294 000 000.000 | 375 459 000 000.000 | 380 296 000 000.000 | 323 810 000 000.000 | 368 898 000 000.000 | 398 044 000 000.000 | 409 577 730 149.032 | 422 848 159 555.585 |
Net exports, contributions to changes in real GDP | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.020 | 0.014 | -0.005 | -0.001 | 0.010 | -0.002 | -0.006 | 0.004 | -0.022 | 0.003 | 0.024 | 0.013 | -0.002 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 |  | 619 901 000 000.000 | 601 999 000 000.000 | 612 170 000 000.000 | 630 215 000 000.000 | 647 189 000 000.000 | 666 761 000 000.000 | 678 062 000 000.000 | 685 395 000 000.000 | 601 515 000 000.000 | 637 438 000 000.000 | 665 498 000 000.000 | 668 647 829 016.440 | 681 950 176 605.900 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | 0.936 | 4.378 | 4.526 | 4.317 | 5.371 | 5.512 | 1.728 | 2.214 | -19.942 | 14.378 | 14.427 | 5.846 | 2.369 |
Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -4.206 | -1.984 | -0.622 | 1.975 | 1.020 | 1.026 | 2.254 | 1.880 | 3.471 | 2.858 | -0.661 | 1.765 | 1.987 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -0.115 | 0.398 | -0.224 | 0.545 | 0.322 | 1.299 | 1.245 | 1.447 | 1.226 | 2.301 | 4.280 | 5.983 | 3.836 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, growth | Percentage |  | -3.070 | -1.011 | 1.169 | 4.405 | 3.370 | 4.314 | 3.558 | 3.460 | -10.239 | 7.948 | 9.965 | 8.190 | 5.757 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -2.959 | -1.403 | 1.396 | 3.839 | 3.038 | 2.976 | 2.285 | 1.984 | -11.325 | 5.520 | 5.452 | 2.082 | 1.850 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -7.416 | -3.782 | 4.080 | 4.868 | 2.356 | 6.817 | 6.327 | 4.502 | -9.706 | 0.920 | 4.636 | 0.041 | 2.872 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 1.280 | 1.258 | -0.104 | 0.335 | 0.667 | 1.243 | 1.043 | 1.063 | 0.506 | 0.552 | 3.791 | 4.755 | 3.705 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 |  | 2.436 | 1.530 | -0.190 | -0.629 | -0.337 | 2.036 | 1.736 | 0.780 | -0.337 | 3.008 | 8.323 | 3.855 | 3.939 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 |  | -5.835 | -0.214 | 6.800 | 5.077 | 2.649 | 6.787 | 3.921 | 1.288 | -14.853 | 13.924 | 7.901 | 2.898 | 3.240 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 |  | -3.318 | -2.888 | 1.690 | 2.948 | 2.693 | 3.024 | 1.695 | 1.081 | -12.238 | 5.972 | 4.402 | 0.473 | 1.989 |
Household sector accounts | Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving households | Euro |  | 629 440 000 000.000 | 629 150 000 000.000 | 628 963 000 000.000 | 653 814 000 000.000 | 671 205 000 000.000 | 692 498 000 000.000 | 712 211 000 000.000 | 747 750 000 000.000 | 707 948 000 000.000 | 722 607 000 000.000 | 763 621 564 667.005 | 805 034 403 471.828 | 839 452 651 960.512 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.993 | 1.008 | 1.006 | 1.000 | 0.997 | 1.017 | 1.035 | 1.043 | 1.039 | 1.070 | 1.159 | 1.204 | 1.252 |
Core inflation index, harmonised | Index, 2015 |  | 0.985 | 0.998 | 0.997 | 1.000 | 1.007 | 1.019 | 1.030 | 1.041 | 1.046 | 1.052 | 1.092 | 1.144 | 1.186 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.019 | 1.012 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 0.988 | 1.014 | 1.032 | 1.038 | 1.027 | 1.099 | 1.256 | 1.298 | 1.346 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 |  | 0.993 | 0.997 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 1.003 | 1.016 | 1.029 | 1.044 | 1.057 | 1.081 | 1.127 | 1.195 | 1.240 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 |  | 1.030 | 1.009 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.984 | 1.014 | 1.040 | 1.047 | 1.013 | 1.094 | 1.338 | 1.295 | 1.343 |
Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD | Euro |  | 0.695 | 0.675 | 0.662 | 0.665 | 0.643 | 0.631 | 0.632 | 0.613 | 0.621 | 0.626 | 0.596 | 0.607 | 0.617 |
Labour markets | Labour force | Persons |  | 23 443 700.000 | 23 190 125.000 | 22 954 575.000 | 22 922 025.000 | 22 822 725.000 | 22 741 725.000 | 22 806 850.000 | 23 027 075.000 | 22 733 350.000 | 23 203 150.000 | 23 415 149.999 | 23 753 763.619 | 23 929 511.264 |
Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons |  | 17 632 675.000 | 17 139 000.000 | 17 344 175.000 | 17 866 050.000 | 18 341 550.000 | 18 824 800.000 | 19 327 725.000 | 19 779 300.000 | 19 202 425.000 | 19 773 600.000 | 20 390 574.999 | 20 714 482.626 | 20 958 971.427 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage |  | 24.787 | 26.094 | 24.441 | 22.057 | 19.635 | 17.224 | 15.255 | 14.104 | 15.532 | 14.781 | 12.917 | 12.795 | 12.414 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage |  | 5.847 | 4.562 | 2.722 | 1.735 | 1.393 | 1.558 | 1.419 | 0.661 | 0.379 | 0.349 | 2.199 | 3.690 | 4.036 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage |  | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 | -0.329 | -0.322 | -0.356 | -0.425 | -0.549 | 0.342 | 3.206 | 3.405 |