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Health Care Quality Indicators
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Indicator
Asthma hospital admission
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospital admission
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospital admission
Congestive heart failure hospital admission
Hypertension hospital admission
Congestive heart failure and hypertension hospital admission
Diabetes hospital admission
Admission based diabetes lower extremity amputation
Patient-based diabetes lower extremity amputation
Breast cancer five year net survival
Cervical cancer five year net survival
Colon cancer five year net survival
Rectal cancer five year net survival
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia five year net survival
Thirty-day mortality after admission to hospital for AMI based on unlinked data
Thirty-day mortality after admission to hospital for AMI based on linked data
Thirty-day mortality after admission to hospital for hemorrhagic stroke based on unlinked data
Thirty-day mortality after admission to hospital for hemorrhagic stroke based on linked data
Thirty-day mortality after admission to hospital for ischemic stroke based on linked data
Thirty-day mortality after admission to hospital for ischemic stroke based on unlinked data
Hip-fracture surgery initiated within 2 days after admission to the hospital
Hip-fracture surgery initiated within the following day after admission to the hospital
Hip-fracture surgery initiated within the same day after admission to the hospital
In-patient suicide among patients diagnosed with a mental disorder
Suicide within 1 year after discharge among patients diagnosed with a mental disorder
Suicide within 30 days after discharge among patients diagnosed with a mental disorder
Excess mortality for patients diagnosed with schizoprenia
Excess mortality for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder
Excess mortality for patients diagnosed with severe mental illness
Foreign body left in during procedure
Post-operative pulmonary embolism after hip or knee replacement
Post-operative deep vein thrombosis after hip or knee replacement
Post-operative sepsis after abdominal surgery
Post-operative wound dehiscence
Obstetric trauma vaginal delivery with instrument
Obstetric trauma vaginal delivery without instrument
Consultation skipped due to costs
Medical tests, treatment or follow-up skipped due to costs
Prescribed medicines skipped due to costs
Waiting time of more than four weeks for getting an appointment with a specialist
Patients reporting having spent enough time with any doctor during the consultation
Patients reporting having spent enough time with their regular doctor during the consultation
Patients reporting having received easy-to-understand explanations by any doctor
Patients reporting having received easy-to-understand explanations by their regular doctor
Patients reporting having had the opportunity to ask questions or raise concerns to any doctor
Patients reporting having had the opportunity to ask questions or raise concerns to their regular doctor
Patients reporting having been involved in decisions about care or treatment by any doctor
Patients reporting having been involved in decisions about care or treatment by their regular doctor
Diabetic patients with at least one prescription of cholesterol lowering medication
Diabetic patients with prescription of first choice antihypertensive medication
Elderly patients with prescription of long-term benzodiazepines or related drugs
Elderly patients with prescription of long-acting benzodiazepines or related drugs
Patients with long-term prescription of any anticoagulating drug in combination with an oral NSAID
Total volume of antibiotics for systemic use
Volume of second line antibiotics as a share of total volume
Periods
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Value
Age Group
Gender
Country
Age-sex standardised rate per 100 000 population
15 years old and over
Total
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
69.8
64.5
60.3
64.8
..
Austria
..
..
64.1
59.9
58.7
55.6
54.4
56
47.8
53.5
55.1
50.6
47.6
43.4
44.2
43.5
Belgium
54.9
47.8
50.8
45.5
40.6
47.8
50.8
48.2
37.2
40.5
35.9
34.4
36.1
36.8
37.4
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.6
..
16.8
16.7
14.6
15.6
14.9
15.1
14.6
Chile
..
..
..
..
25.8
24.4
21.4
21.8
20
20.4
20.7
16.8
18.8
18.8
16.1
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38.1
37.1
37.6
36.3
37.8
38.8
35.1
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
45.9
41.6
37.9
38.4
45
40.2
47.2
45.2
46.7
50.6
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
47.2
43.8
48.3
36.3
34.5
28
Finland
208.2
191.5
169.1
159.1
137.3
123.6
105.5
96.2
88.2
80.6
71.9
66.3
66.8
60
58.9
53.4
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.8
27.2
30.2
29.6
30.1
29.6
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
23.7
..
25
..
24.5
..
24.6
..
27.7
..
28.7
Hungary
..
..
..
..
169.2
149.1
125.7
78
75.1
74.8
74.6
73.6
73.3
..
..
..
Iceland
..
66.3
64.2
53.5
41.6
35
31.6
35.6
39.6
38.4
34
29.1
25
23.1
(
d
)
19.1
..
Ireland
103.7
103.6
92.5
97
82.9
(
B
)
55.1
52.5
52
54
42.9
39.8
37.1
42.1
41.3
40.5
43.7
Israel
102.6
99.5
100.2
103.1
88.8
84.2
86.2
76
68.5
66.2
58.2
54.9
55.4
52.2
50.9
51.6
Italy
..
27.9
24.8
21.7
20.5
19.2
17
15.7
14.8
13.5
13.3
11.6
10.5
9.9
8.9
7.6
Japan
..
..
77.4
..
..
60.4
..
..
41.5
..
..
34.7
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
115
108.1
101.5
98.9
105
94.7
91.4
94.5
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
128.2
121.4
129
79.6
97.8
102.8
94.8
122.7
119.4
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
63.6
64.3
56.2
54.4
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
35.8
(
d
)
33.5
(
d
)
30.4
(
d
)
25.6
(
d
)
25.4
(
d
)
26
(
d
)
25.8
(
d
)
24.1
(
d
)
23.5
(
d
)
24.5
(
d
)
23.1
(
d
)
21.9
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.5
19
14.8
13.9
12.7
11.9
9.3
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.7
27.6
27.9
30
32
31.1
36
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
76.5
75.5
72.7
77.1
81.5
77.5
76.1
72
67.8
65.3
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.1
37.5
37.8
34.9
34.8
32.5
32.2
30.2
Poland
..
..
..
63.5
57.2
59.5
61.7
62.2
62
69.8
67.6
71.3
78.4
79.1
81.9
81.9
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.8
..
(
B
)
15.3
..
16
..
16.9
..
16.5
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
159.2
176.8
150.9
109.5
100.1
97.2
92.8
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.7
42.7
39.1
39.1
42.4
40.8
43.2
Spain
50.8
42
48.1
51
47.1
50
41
44.5
42.3
41.5
39.4
38.9
41.8
41.4
42.2
44.7
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.3
21.9
22.4
24.7
23.7
23.8
22.6
21.4
19
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.9
..
31.1
..
30.2
..
12.7
..
..
(
B
)
27.5
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
94.2
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
79.3
72.9
79.3
72.6
71.6
62.3
69.3
65.7
72.6
71
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
89.7
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
74.1
73
68.6
77.1
71.1
53.5
51.2
50.9
43.6
40
46
39.5
41.4
35.7
29.3
27.6
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
70.5
84.9
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
112.8
99.9
89.3
98.3
105.7
(
B
)
101.9
104.6
100.3
102.6
Male
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
40.3
36.5
34.5
34.9
..
Austria
..
..
61.4
54.8
52.7
52.6
51.4
52.8
44
47.7
50.2
47.1
44.5
40.1
40.7
41.2
Belgium
42
37.4
38.8
33
29
35.1
37.9
35.1
25.1
28.7
24.9
24.9
26.3
26.7
27.8
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.8
..
9.9
10.3
9
9.7
9
8.8
8.7
Chile
..
..
..
..
16.4
15.2
13.8
13.1
13.1
13.4
13.7
11.5
12.8
14.3
10.8
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27.2
25.2
25.1
24.4
25.5
26.9
22.7
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.3
28.3
24.2
25.7
27.4
25.1
28.5
28.3
31.4
33.2
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.6
34.1
38.9
23.1
23.3
20.7
Finland
185.1
165.9
149.1
126.6
112.5
94.4
78.7
71.6
63.2
57.1
51.8
45.9
47.1
41.1
42.1
36.2
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.1
18.8
21.4
20.9
21.7
20.9
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
17.9
..
19
..
17.8
..
18.2
..
20.3
..
21.3
Hungary
..
..
..
..
136.1
117.2
94.1
55.5
49.6
48.8
48.7
47.8
47.1
..
..
..
Iceland
..
47.2
48.1
35.1
29.8
28.9
25.9
30.3
24.5
27.3
22.6
23.6
15.7
15
(
d
)
12.5
..
Ireland
82.3
83.8
75.8
72.3
63.8
(
B
)
36.9
31.7
35.1
36.4
27.7
26.7
24.3
25.2
25.5
26.6
26.8
Israel
73.1
66.9
73.5
70.1
62
56.3
58.7
51
44.2
43.8
37.2
34.4
36.4
35.1
34.7
33.6
Italy
..
22.8
19.5
16.8
15.1
14.4
12.3
11.2
10.9
9.8
10.1
8.5
7.9
7.6
6.5
5.4
Japan
..
..
77.2
..
..
59.6
..
..
40.1
..
..
26
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
106.7
97.8
93.9
90.5
90.9
80.7
74.9
75.2
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
115.6
109
122.4
70.7
86.6
90.3
87.5
114.9
108.1
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
53.6
53.3
48
50.4
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
20.1
(
d
)
20.3
(
d
)
20.4
(
d
)
18
(
d
)
18.8
(
d
)
20.1
(
d
)
21.4
(
d
)
19.1
(
d
)
17.8
(
d
)
18.8
(
d
)
18.3
(
d
)
18.7
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.6
11.4
8.4
7.9
7.3
6.8
5
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.8
16.7
16.4
17.8
20.4
17.9
21.8
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
48.6
44.3
46.4
45.9
49.2
47.9
46.4
42.7
39.5
37.6
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18
23.1
26.4
23.5
23.6
20.3
22.3
19.6
Poland
..
..
..
52.8
47.6
49.4
50.1
50.1
46.6
51.5
50.3
52.5
61.2
60.5
63.3
63.6
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.1
..
(
B
)
9.9
..
9.8
..
10.6
..
9.9
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
109.8
114.6
99.8
75
71.1
68.6
61.5
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35
36.3
34.6
35.9
39.8
38
40.8
Spain
30.4
24.8
26.9
28.1
25.8
26.6
21.3
23.2
22
21.7
19.8
18.7
21.3
21
22.3
23
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.4
14.2
14.7
16.1
16.4
15.2
14.2
14.5
12.2
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
25
..
23.7
..
24.3
..
9.3
..
..
(
B
)
20
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.8
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
52
48.5
50.5
45.6
43.7
37.9
42.3
39
43.1
42.6
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
56.1
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
40.3
37.9
38.1
38.8
30.5
23.2
20.3
19.9
16.5
15.1
16.4
14.2
15.1
11.5
9.8
9.5
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
50.6
48.6
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
90.8
76.2
71.3
77.5
78.8
(
B
)
72.6
70.4
73.5
73.5
Female
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
96.8
90
83.9
92.1
..
Austria
..
..
67.2
65.1
64.6
58.4
57.2
58.9
51.5
58.8
59.6
53.6
49.9
46.2
47.3
45.5
Belgium
66.5
57.2
61.8
56.6
50.7
58.7
62.3
59.7
47.9
50.8
45.4
42.6
44.5
45.6
45.9
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27.5
..
23.1
22.5
19.6
20.9
20.2
20.6
19.8
Chile
..
..
..
..
34.6
32.9
28.4
29.8
26.5
27
27.1
21.7
24.5
23.2
21
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
47.9
47.8
48.6
46.7
48.4
49.2
45.9
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
60.4
54.8
51.1
51
62.4
55.5
65.4
61.6
61.6
67.5
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
54.9
51.1
55.8
46.7
43.3
33.6
Finland
228
213.6
185.3
185.9
158.6
148.7
129.3
116.5
109.4
100.8
89.4
83.9
82.8
75.9
73.7
67.7
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.7
34.9
37.9
37.2
37.7
37.5
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
29.2
..
30.6
..
30.8
..
30.7
..
34.7
..
35.6
Hungary
..
..
..
..
202.1
181.3
156.5
99.4
99.5
99.4
99.2
97.7
97.7
..
..
..
Iceland
..
82.4
78.7
69.2
52.1
40.7
37.7
41
53.1
47.4
43.1
32.8
32.2
29.9
(
d
)
24.7
..
Ireland
124.8
123.1
109.5
121.1
101.6
(
B
)
72.6
72.1
67.6
70
57
52.1
49.2
57.9
56
53.4
59.2
Israel
128.7
128.9
124.2
132.8
112.6
109.3
111.3
97.9
89.5
86.1
75.9
72.5
71.2
66.6
64.7
66.7
Italy
..
32.7
29.6
26.3
25.4
23.7
21.2
19.8
18.3
16.9
16.2
14.3
12.9
12
11.1
9.7
Japan
..
..
77.5
..
..
62.3
..
..
42.5
..
..
42.7
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
123
117.8
109.6
107.6
118.4
107.8
106.5
111.5
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
142.4
135.9
138.5
88.7
108.7
115.5
102.1
131.7
131.9
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
72.8
74.2
63.4
57.4
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
49.4
(
d
)
44.8
(
d
)
39.3
(
d
)
32.4
(
d
)
31.3
(
d
)
30.8
(
d
)
29.1
(
d
)
28.4
(
d
)
28.2
(
d
)
29.4
(
d
)
27.4
(
d
)
25.4
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26
26.2
21
19.7
17.9
16.9
13.4
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.9
37.9
38.6
41.2
42.8
43.2
49.3
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
103.1
104.7
97.9
106.7
112.2
106.1
104.2
99.8
94.8
91.7
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37
50.7
48
45.1
45.4
43.4
41.3
39.6
Poland
..
..
..
73.9
66.4
69.1
72.6
73.4
76.2
86.3
83.2
88.1
93.8
95.4
98
97.8
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.1
..
(
B
)
20.3
..
21.4
..
22.5
..
22.1
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
206.4
235.6
199.4
142.1
126.9
123.7
120.9
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
44.7
49.3
44.1
42.1
45.9
43.6
47
Spain
67.8
56.5
65.5
69.8
64.3
69.2
57.1
61.9
58.6
57.5
55.2
55.2
58.3
57.9
58.5
62.1
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.9
28.5
28.8
32.3
30.1
31.1
30
27.2
24.9
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
38.2
..
38
..
35.6
..
15.3
..
..
(
B
)
34.3
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
145.8
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
105.3
96
106.5
98.3
98
85.2
94.8
91
100.5
97.9
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
120.5
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
107.2
106.9
98.3
113.9
109.8
82.6
80.7
80.3
69.2
63.5
73.6
63.5
66
58.1
47.6
44.3
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
87.8
115.8
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
129.1
118.4
103.7
116.2
127.1
(
B
)
125.1
132.3
121.8
126.4
Lower confidence interval
Total
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
68.6
63.3
59.1
63.6
..
Austria
..
..
62.2
58
56.9
53.8
52.6
54.2
46.2
51.8
53.4
48.9
46
41.9
42.6
42
Belgium
53.3
46.3
49.3
44.1
39.3
46.3
49.3
46.8
36
39.2
34.6
33.2
34.9
35.6
36.1
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19
..
16.3
16.2
14.2
15.2
14.5
14.6
14.1
Chile
..
..
..
..
24.7
23.5
20.5
20.9
19.1
19.6
19.8
16
18
18
15.4
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.8
35.8
36.3
35.1
36.6
37.5
33.9
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.9
39.7
36
36.6
43
38.3
45.2
43.2
44.7
48.5
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.3
40.1
44.4
33
31.2
25.1
Finland
203.9
187.4
165.2
155.4
133.9
120.3
102.6
93.4
85.5
78
69.5
64
64.5
57.9
56.8
51.4
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.3
26.8
29.7
29.1
29.7
29.1
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
23.3
..
24.6
..
24.1
..
24.2
..
27.3
..
28.3
Hungary
..
..
..
..
166.5
146.5
123.3
76.1
73.3
73
72.8
71.8
71.5
..
..
..
Iceland
..
54.7
53.1
43.4
32.9
27.1
24.2
27.8
31.3
30.3
26.4
22.2
18.6
17.1
(
d
)
13.6
..
Ireland
99.8
99.8
88.9
93.4
79.5
(
B
)
52.5
50
49.5
51.5
40.7
37.7
35
39.9
39.2
38.4
41.5
Israel
99.4
96.4
97
100
85.9
81.4
83.5
73.4
66.1
63.9
56.1
52.8
53.4
50.3
48.9
49.7
Italy
..
27.5
24.3
21.3
20.1
18.9
16.6
15.4
14.5
13.2
13
11.3
10.3
9.6
8.7
7.4
Japan
..
..
76.9
..
..
60
..
..
41.1
..
..
34.3
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
113.7
106.9
100.3
97.7
103.9
93.7
90.4
93.5
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
123.1
116.4
123.8
75.5
93.3
98.2
90.3
116.9
113.7
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
60.6
61.3
53.4
51.6
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
29.6
(
d
)
27.4
(
d
)
24.7
(
d
)
20.4
(
d
)
20.3
(
d
)
20.8
(
d
)
20.7
(
d
)
19.3
(
d
)
18.8
(
d
)
19.7
(
d
)
18.5
(
d
)
17.5
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.1
18.6
14.5
13.6
12.4
11.6
9.1
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.8
26.7
27
29.1
31
30.1
35
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
73.5
72.5
69.8
74.1
78.4
74.6
73.2
69.2
65.1
62.7
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.5
35.6
35.9
33.1
33
30.8
30.5
28.5
Poland
..
..
..
62.6
56.4
58.6
60.8
61.3
61.1
68.8
66.7
70.4
77.4
78.1
80.9
80.9
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17
..
(
B
)
14.5
..
15.2
..
16
..
15.6
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
155.5
172.8
147.3
106.4
97.1
94.4
90
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.8
39.7
36.2
36.2
39.4
37.9
40.2
Spain
50.1
41.4
47.4
50.2
46.4
49.3
40.4
43.8
41.6
40.9
38.8
38.3
41.2
40.8
41.6
44.1
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.3
20.9
21.3
23.7
22.6
22.7
21.6
20.4
18.1
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
30.5
..
29.8
..
28.9
..
11.8
..
..
(
B
)
26.3
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
93.2
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
78.5
72.1
78.5
71.9
70.8
61.6
68.6
65
71.9
70.3
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
89.3
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
70.1
69.1
64.9
73.2
67.4
50.3
48.2
47.9
40.8
37.5
43.3
37
38.9
33.4
27.3
25.7
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
61.8
75.5
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
108.1
95.6
85.4
94.2
101.5
(
B
)
97.9
100.7
96.4
98.8
Male
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
39
35.2
33.3
33.7
..
Austria
..
..
58.6
52.2
50.2
50.1
48.9
50.3
41.8
45.4
47.8
44.8
42.3
38
38.6
39.1
Belgium
40
35.5
36.9
31.3
27.4
33.2
36
33.3
23.6
27.1
23.4
23.4
24.8
25.2
26.3
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.2
..
9.3
9.7
8.5
9.2
8.5
8.3
8.2
Chile
..
..
..
..
15.2
14.1
12.7
12
12.1
12.4
12.6
10.6
11.8
13.3
10
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.6
23.7
23.6
22.9
24
25.3
21.2
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.9
26
22.1
23.6
25.2
23
26.3
26.1
29.1
30.8
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.8
28.8
33
18.7
18.9
16.5
Finland
178.6
159.8
143.4
121.3
107.6
89.9
74.7
67.8
59.7
53.8
48.6
43
44.1
38.3
39.3
33.7
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.5
18.3
20.8
20.4
21.1
20.3
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
17.5
..
18.5
..
17.3
..
17.7
..
19.8
..
20.8
Hungary
..
..
..
..
132.3
113.7
91
53.1
47.4
46.6
46.5
45.6
44.9
..
..
..
Iceland
..
33.1
34
23.3
19
18.4
16
19.9
15.2
17.5
13.6
14.7
8.7
8
(
d
)
6.3
..
Ireland
77.1
78.7
71
67.6
59.4
(
B
)
33.8
28.9
32.2
33.5
25.2
24.2
21.9
22.8
23.1
24.2
24.3
Israel
69.1
63.1
69.5
66.3
58.5
52.9
55.3
47.9
41.4
41
34.7
32
34
32.8
32.4
31.3
Italy
..
22.1
19
16.3
14.6
13.9
11.9
10.8
10.5
9.4
9.7
8.2
7.5
7.2
6.2
5.1
Japan
..
..
76.4
..
..
58.9
..
..
39.6
..
..
25.6
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
104.5
95.8
92
88.7
89.2
79.1
73.3
73.7
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
107.7
101.1
114.1
64.3
79.9
83.2
80.6
105.8
99.2
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
49.1
48.9
43.8
46.1
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
13.3
(
d
)
13.5
(
d
)
13.4
(
d
)
11.4
(
d
)
12.1
(
d
)
13.3
(
d
)
14.5
(
d
)
12.6
(
d
)
11.6
(
d
)
12.5
(
d
)
12.2
(
d
)
12.6
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.1
10.9
8
7.5
6.9
6.4
4.7
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.9
15.6
15.4
16.8
19.3
16.9
20.7
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
45.2
41
43.1
42.6
45.8
44.5
43.1
39.6
36.5
34.7
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.1
20.9
24.1
21.3
21.4
18.4
20.3
17.7
Poland
..
..
..
51.5
46.4
48.2
48.8
48.9
45.4
50.3
49.1
51.3
59.9
59.2
62
62.2
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11
..
(
B
)
8.9
..
8.9
..
9.6
..
8.9
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
105
109.7
95.3
71
67.2
64.8
58
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
30.6
31.9
30.4
31.7
35.3
33.7
36.3
Spain
29.6
24
26.1
27.2
25
25.8
20.7
22.5
21.3
21
19.1
18.1
20.6
20.4
21.6
22.3
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.2
13
13.5
14.8
15.2
14
13
13.3
11.1
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.2
..
22
..
22.6
..
8.3
..
..
(
B
)
18.5
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.9
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
51
47.6
49.6
44.7
42.9
37.2
41.5
38.2
42.3
41.8
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
55.7
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
35.7
33.6
33.9
34.7
26.9
20.1
17.5
17.1
14
12.8
14
12
12.9
9.7
8.1
7.8
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.7
38.1
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
84.6
70.5
66
71.9
73.4
(
B
)
67.6
65.5
68.6
68.6
Female
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
94.8
88
82
90.2
..
Austria
..
..
64.5
62.4
62
55.9
54.7
56.4
49.2
56.4
57.1
51.2
47.7
44.1
45.2
43.4
Belgium
64.1
55
59.5
54.4
48.6
56.5
60
57.5
45.9
48.7
43.5
40.7
42.6
43.7
44
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.5
..
22.3
21.7
18.9
20.1
19.4
19.9
19.1
Chile
..
..
..
..
33
31.4
27
28.4
25.2
25.7
25.8
20.5
23.3
22
19.9
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
45.9
45.8
46.6
44.7
46.4
47.1
44
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.1
51.7
48.1
48
59.1
52.4
62
58.4
58.4
64.2
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
49.6
45.9
50.4
41.9
38.5
29.4
Finland
221.9
207.8
179.9
180.5
153.6
143.9
124.8
112.3
105.4
97
85.8
80.4
79.4
72.6
70.4
64.6
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.9
34.2
37.2
36.5
37
36.7
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
28.6
..
30.1
..
30.2
..
30.1
..
34
..
34.9
Hungary
..
..
..
..
198
177.4
152.8
96.5
96.6
96.6
96.3
94.8
94.9
..
..
..
Iceland
..
64.8
61.7
53.5
38.6
28.9
26.3
29.3
39.8
35.1
31.5
22.8
22.3
20.4
(
d
)
16.1
..
Ireland
118.9
117.4
104.1
115.5
96.5
(
B
)
68.4
67.9
63.6
66
53.4
48.7
45.9
54.3
52.5
50
55.7
Israel
123.8
124
119.4
128
108.2
105
107
94
85.7
82.5
72.6
69.2
68
63.5
61.8
63.7
Italy
..
32
28.9
25.7
24.8
23.1
20.6
19.3
17.8
16.5
15.8
13.9
12.5
11.6
10.7
9.3
Japan
..
..
76.8
..
..
61.6
..
..
41.9
..
..
42.2
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
121.3
116.2
108.1
106.1
116.9
106.4
105.1
110.1
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
135.3
128.9
131.5
83.1
102.3
109
95.9
123.9
124.1
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
68.6
69.9
59.5
53.7
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
39.2
(
d
)
35.1
(
d
)
30.3
(
d
)
24.3
(
d
)
23.5
(
d
)
23.1
(
d
)
21.7
(
d
)
21.2
(
d
)
21.1
(
d
)
22.2
(
d
)
20.5
(
d
)
18.8
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.3
25.5
20.4
19.2
17.4
16.4
13
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.6
36.4
37.1
39.7
41.2
41.7
47.7
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
98.2
99.8
93.2
101.8
107.3
101.3
99.5
95.2
90.4
87.3
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
34.3
47.6
45
42.2
42.5
40.6
38.6
37
Poland
..
..
..
72.6
65.2
67.8
71.3
72.1
74.9
84.9
81.8
86.7
92.4
94
96.5
96.4
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.7
..
(
B
)
19
..
20.1
..
21.1
..
20.8
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
200.6
229.2
193.7
137.4
122.4
119.3
116.5
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
40.5
44.8
39.9
38.1
41.6
39.5
42.7
Spain
66.6
55.4
64.4
68.7
63.2
68
56.1
60.9
57.6
56.5
54.2
54.2
57.3
56.9
57.5
61.1
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27.3
26.9
27.2
30.6
28.4
29.4
28.3
25.7
23.4
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
36
..
35.9
..
33.6
..
14.1
..
..
(
B
)
32.4
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
144.2
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
104.1
94.8
105.2
97.1
96.8
84.1
93.6
89.8
99.3
96.8
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
119.9
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
100.5
100.4
92.2
107.4
103.4
77.2
75.4
75.1
64.5
59.2
68.9
59.2
61.7
54.1
44
40.9
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
74.3
100.6
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
122.3
112
98
110.3
121
(
B
)
119.1
126.3
116.1
120.7
Upper confidence interval
Total
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
71.1
65.6
61.4
65.9
..
Austria
..
..
66.1
61.7
60.5
57.3
56.1
57.8
49.4
55.2
56.8
52.2
49.1
44.9
45.7
45
Belgium
56.5
49.3
52.4
46.9
42
49.2
52.3
49.6
38.5
41.8
37.1
35.5
37.3
38
38.6
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.2
..
17.3
17.2
15.1
16.1
15.4
15.5
15
Chile
..
..
..
..
26.8
25.4
22.3
22.7
20.8
21.3
21.5
17.5
19.6
19.6
16.8
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.4
38.4
38.8
37.6
39.1
40.1
36.4
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
47.9
43.5
39.7
40.2
47
42.1
49.2
47.1
48.7
52.7
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
51
47.5
52.2
39.6
37.7
31
Finland
212.6
195.6
173
162.8
140.8
126.8
108.5
99.1
90.9
83.1
74.3
68.6
69
62.2
61
55.3
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.2
27.7
30.6
30.1
30.6
30
Germany
..
..
..
..
..
24.1
..
25.3
..
24.8
..
25
..
28.1
..
29.1
Hungary
..
..
..
..
172
151.7
128.1
79.8
77
76.6
76.4
75.4
75.1
..
..
..
Iceland
..
77.8
75.4
63.6
50.4
42.9
39
43.4
47.9
46.5
41.6
36
31.3
29.2
(
d
)
24.6
..
Ireland
107.5
107.5
96
100.6
86.2
(
B
)
57.7
55.1
54.5
56.5
45.1
41.9
39.1
44.3
43.5
42.6
45.9
Israel
105.9
102.7
103.3
106.2
91.7
86.9
89
78.5
70.9
68.6
60.4
56.9
57.5
54.2
52.8
53.6
Italy
..
28.4
25.2
22.2
20.9
19.6
17.3
16.1
15.1
13.9
13.6
11.8
10.8
10.1
9.2
7.9
Japan
..
..
77.9
..
..
60.9
..
..
41.9
..
..
35
..
..
..
..
Korea
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
116.3
109.3
102.6
100
106.1
95.7
92.4
95.5
Latvia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
133.4
126.4
134.2
83.7
102.4
107.5
99.3
128.4
125.1
Lithuania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
66.5
67.3
59
57.1
Luxembourg
..
..
..
(
d
)
42.1
(
d
)
39.5
(
d
)
36.1
(
d
)
30.8
(
d
)
30.6
(
d
)
31.2
(
d
)
30.8
(
d
)
29
(
d
)
28.3
(
d
)
29.3
(
d
)
27.7
(
d
)
26.3
..
Mexico
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.9
19.4
15.2
14.3
13
12.2
9.6
Netherlands
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.5
28.5
28.8
30.9
32.9
32
37
..
..
..
New Zealand
..
..
..
..
..
79.6
78.4
75.6
80.1
84.5
80.5
79
74.8
70.5
68
..
Norway
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.8
39.5
39.8
36.7
36.7
34.3
33.9
31.8
Poland
..
..
..
64.4
58.1
60.3
62.6
63
62.8
70.7
68.5
72.2
79.3
80
82.8
82.8
Portugal
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.7
..
(
B
)
16.1
..
16.8
..
17.8
..
17.3
Slovak Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
163
180.9
154.6
112.5
103
100.1
95.6
Slovenia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
42.7
45.7
42
41.9
45.4
43.7
46.2
Spain
51.6
42.7
48.8
51.7
47.8
50.8
41.7
45.2
42.9
42.1
40
39.5
42.5
42
42.9
45.3
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.4
22.9
23.4
25.8
24.7
24.8
23.7
22.4
19.9
Switzerland
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.3
..
32.5
..
31.5
..
13.5
..
..
(
B
)
28.7
Turkey
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
95.1
United Kingdom
..
..
..
..
..
..
80.1
73.6
80
73.4
72.3
63
70
66.4
73.4
71.7
United States
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
90.1
..
Non-OECD Economies
Costa Rica
78.2
77
72.4
81.1
74.8
56.7
54.3
54
46.3
42.6
48.8
41.9
43.9
38
31.4
29.6
Malta
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
79.3
94.4
Singapore
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
117.5
104.3
93.3
102.4
109.8
(
B
)
105.9
108.6
104.1
106.4
Male
Australia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
B
)
41.7
37.7
35.7
36.1
..
Austria
..
..
64.2
57.5
55.3
55.2
53.9
55.3
46.3
50.1
52.5
49.4
46.7
42.2
42.8
43.3
Belgium
44.1
39.3
40.8
34.8
30.7
36.9
39.8
36.9
26.6
30.3
26.4
26.4
27.9
28.2
29.3
..
Canada
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.5
..
10.4
10.8
9.5
10.2
9.5
9.3
9.2
Chile
..
..
..
..
17.7
16.4
14.9
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.7
12.4
13.8
15.3
11.7
..
Czech Republic
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.9
26.8
26.6
25.9
27.1
28.5
24.1
Denmark
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.6
30.5
26.3
27.9
29.6
27.2
30.7
30.5
33.7
35.6
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.4
39.4
44.9
27.6
27.8
24.8
Finland
191.6
172
154.9
131.8
117.5
98.9
82.7
75.4
66.8
60.5
54.9
48.9
50
43.8
44.8
38.8
France
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.6
19.3
22
21.5
22.2
21.4
Legend:
B
Break
d
Deviation
Data extracted on 20 Nov 2018 18:58 UTC (GMT) from
OECD.Stat
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