Development of environment-related technologies | Percentage of all technologies | Total patents | | 0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Environment-related technologies | | .. | 12.5 | 11.24 | 8.78 | 7.91 | 9.02 | 13.31 | 10.43 | 12.58 |
Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | .. | 4.17 | 3.29 | 5.57 | 4.13 | 4.74 | 6 | 3.59 | 4.84 |
Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | .. | 1.67 | 3.75 | 0.91 | 1.3 | 2.15 | 5.01 | 3.62 | 4.4 |
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | .. | 6.67 | 2.19 | 1.88 | 2 | 1.89 | 2.97 | 2.91 | 3.68 |
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | .. | .. | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.3 |
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | .. | 0.1 | .. | 0.22 | 0.65 | 0.36 | 0.32 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | .. | 2.74 | 1.34 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.27 | 1.2 | 1.04 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | .. | 1.67 | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 1.39 | 0.85 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | .. | 0.91 | 1.33 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 0.79 | 1.46 |
Climate change adaptation technologies | | .. | 1.67 | 0.64 | 1.98 | 2.12 | 2.99 | 2.43 | 2.1 | 3.09 |
Sustainable ocean economy | | .. | .. | 0.37 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.83 | 1.13 | 0.56 | 0.83 |
Relative advantage | Environment-related technologies | | .. | 2.23 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.88 | 1.17 |
Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | .. | 1.79 | 0.85 | 1.44 | 1.26 | 1.4 | 1.68 | 1.06 | 1.81 |
Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | .. | 1.2 | 1.65 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 1.1 |
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | .. | 4.72 | 1.18 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.25 | 1.72 |
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | .. | .. | 0.4 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.33 |
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | .. | 1.51 | .. | 2.48 | 3.81 | 2.52 | 2.81 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | .. | 2.25 | 1.39 | 0.95 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.47 | 0.52 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | .. | 5.7 | 1.12 | 1.47 | 1.68 | 1.21 | 0.68 | 1.2 | 1.05 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | .. | 1.83 | 2.19 | 2.14 | 2.71 | 2.37 | 2.09 | 2.57 |
Climate change adaptation technologies | | .. | 3.74 | 0.95 | 2.8 | 1.75 | 2.83 | 1.93 | 1.7 | 2.46 |
Sustainable ocean economy | | .. | .. | 1.62 | 3.5 | 2.61 | 4.3 | 2.78 | 1.91 | 2.98 |
Percentage of inventions worldwide | Environment-related technologies | | .. | 0.64 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.18 | 1.07 | 0.8 | 0.67 | 0.73 |
Inventions per capita | | .. | 0.6 | 4.18 | 5.37 | 10.72 | 13.07 | 14.46 | 11.6 | 12.21 |
Inventions per unit of government R&D | | .. | .. | .. | 1.04 | 1.58 | 2.03 | 0.79 | 0.7 | 0.65 |
Percentage of environment-related technologies. By domain | Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | .. | 29.41 | 24.16 | 47.42 | 39.52 | 39.43 | 33.09 | 25.25 | 28.64 |
Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | .. | 11.76 | 27.52 | 7.76 | 12.46 | 17.84 | 27.64 | 25.46 | 26.04 |
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | .. | 47.06 | 16.11 | 15.99 | 19.11 | 15.69 | 16.36 | 20.49 | 21.81 |
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | .. | .. | 0.41 | 0.43 | 1.14 | 1.05 | 2.48 | 1.76 |
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | .. | 0.82 | .. | 1.85 | 3.57 | 2.53 | 1.9 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | .. | 20.13 | 11.43 | 11.32 | 7.63 | 6.99 | 8.42 | 6.17 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | .. | 11.76 | 5.37 | 4.9 | 8.19 | 7.32 | 5.28 | 9.79 | 5.01 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | .. | 6.71 | 11.29 | 8.97 | 9.1 | 6.01 | 5.58 | 8.67 |
Diffusion of environment-related technologies | Percentage of all technologies | Environment-related technologies | | 2.69 | 4.89 | 9.19 | 7.37 | 6.54 | 7.59 | 12.72 | 9.42 | 9.09 |
Percentage of inventions worldwide | | .. | 6.49 | 6.72 | 5.85 | 10.09 | 3.05 | 3.22 | 2.04 | 2.46 |
Percentage of environment-related technologies. By domain | Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | .. | 50.28 | 31.51 | 42.09 | 34.25 | 36.74 | 27.63 | 26.36 | 30.41 |
Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | 20 | 11.11 | 22.94 | 13.89 | 21.36 | 20.11 | 28.31 | 26.86 | 25.21 |
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | 20 | 20.83 | 27.68 | 22.56 | 21.18 | 19.06 | 18.61 | 19.33 | 18.34 |
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | 40 | .. | 0.26 | 1.66 | 3.48 | 4 | 2.41 | 4.14 | 3.16 |
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | 0.65 | 0.48 | 1.28 | 1.2 | 3.92 | 2.07 | 1.63 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | 8.06 | 6.63 | 7.27 | 6.65 | 6.69 | 5.89 | 5.86 | 6.25 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | 20 | 4.17 | 5.07 | 4.07 | 5.31 | 5.93 | 7.56 | 8.95 | 6.53 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | 5.56 | 5.26 | 7.97 | 6.49 | 6.26 | 5.66 | 6.44 | 8.47 |
International collaboration in development of environment-related technologies | Percentage of collaborations in all technologies | Environment-related technologies | | .. | .. | 5.88 | 12.7 | 3.4 | 5.79 | 8.41 | 7.87 | 8.6 |
Propensity to collaborate with foreign countries in environment-related technologies | Total patents | | .. | 5 | 22.44 | 51.66 | 265 | 548.08 | 548.91 | 606.36 | 599.65 |
Environment-related technologies | | .. | .. | 2 | 3.04 | 10.03 | 41.48 | 60.75 | 50.05 | 49.28 |
Development of renewable energy technologies | Inventions per unit of public RD&D | | .. | .. | 0.59 | .. | .. | 1.64 | 1.26 | 0.61 | 2.56 |