Patents - Technology diffusion

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Patents - Technology diffusion

Coverage
Patent office
Unit							Number
Year							1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Year
Technology domain
All technologies (total patents)							25 506	35 306	88 761	34 945	34 182	36 661	39 875	40 867	41 634	40 484
Environment-related technologies							1 865	2 808	5 779	2 606	4 243	3 348	3 534	3 788	3 689	3 276
Environment-related technologies	Environmental management						959	1 377	2 492	1 257	1 738	1 200	1 294	1 437	1 470	1 180
	Environmental management	Air pollution abatement					357	489	954	446	712	357	406	439	422	309
		Air pollution abatement	Emissions abatement from stationary sources (e.g. SOx, NOx, PM emissions from combustion plants)				128	210	328	165	399	161	169	193	220	140
			Emissions abatement from mobile sources (e.g. NOx, CO, HC, PM emissions from motor vehicles)				178	215	450	208	275	128	144	179	139	120
			Air pollution abatement - Not elsewhere classified				104	181	381	186	254	140	164	195	163	132
		Water pollution abatement					380	486	996	549	745	505	531	618	660	521
		Water pollution abatement	Water and wastewater treatment				360	471	983	544	740	500	527	612	655	518
			Fertilizers from wastewater				4	5	10	7	8	1	5	7	7	3
			Oil spill and pollutant clean-up				38	23	31	8	15	8	9	10	10	7
		Waste management					273	474	678	325	480	404	431	474	504	448
		Waste management	Solid waste collection				38	68	76	72	54	58	59	45	57	34
			Material recovery, recycling and re-use				125	235	330	143	216	191	227	278	237	235
			Fertilizers from waste				29	57	96	53	64	82	70	92	102	93
			Incineration and energy recovery				41	69	108	37	61	38	28	39	77	70
			Waste management – Not elsewhere classified				86	108	149	95	156	99	88	134	123	104
		Soil remediation					20	41	80	10	26	17	24	30	14	37
		Environmental monitoring					2	2	11	9	20	19	20	34	19	34
	Climate change mitigation						1 192	1 926	4 127	1 769	3 318	2 630	2 750	2 969	2 799	2 579
	Climate change mitigation	Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT)					33	79	250	132	146	183	232	255	167	150
		Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT)	Energy efficient computing				5	19	38	15	25	39	71	52	36	55
			Energy efficiency in communication networks				30	63	216	119	126	151	187	214	142	99
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution					312	525	1 551	677	1 749	1 213	1 138	1 328	1 367	1 290
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution	Renewable energy generation				88	178	441	293	925	534	541	514	633	586
			Renewable energy generation	Wind energy			12	30	129	91	287	115	85	131	155	114
				Solar thermal energy			32	66	74	54	266	113	115	91	106	122
				Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy			42	63	195	128	404	329	347	283	393	372
				Solar thermal-PV hybrids			..	7	10	5	13	30	13	18	18	4
				Geothermal energy			1	5	13	4	18	9	5	9	8	12
				Marine energy, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient			3	20	40	38	98	55	67	88	39	44
				Hydro energy			7	21	49	29	70	33	53	53	28	34
			Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin				26	50	114	82	343	209	158	199	155	160
			Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin	Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel			15	30	81	62	287	168	132	160	112	117
			Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin	Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel			16	26	52	36	144	80	62	103	112	87
			Nuclear energy				37	35	70	8	31	64	31	98	59	17
			Nuclear energy	Nuclear fusion reactors			34	19	27	6	24	49	25	88	54	10
			Nuclear energy	Nuclear fission reactors			4	12	50	2	7	15	6	10	5	7
			Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.)				24	55	103	41	157	65	50	62	68	26
			Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.)	Technologies for improved output efficiency (combined heat and power, combined cycles, etc.)			18	29	64	26	106	43	31	39	53	18
				Technologies for improved input efficiency (efficient combustion or heat usage)			7	30	44	18	64	25	23	34	43	9
			Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution				10	15	57	12	49	50	65	43	47	61
			Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution	Superconducting electric elements or equipment			7	5	35	4	1	7	3	3	2	4
				Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector			..	..	4	..	21	17	37	26	17	26
				Not elsewhere classified			3	10	21	11	27	30	29	20	37	36
			Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation)				131	206	804	284	428	434	454	618	561	539
			Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation)	Energy storage			88	137	469	115	211	262	283	355	344	324
				Energy storage	Batteries		74	117	400	83	151	213	226	274	272	246
					Capacitors		3	8	33	6	14	13	17	20	14	20
					Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids		1	2	23	9	27	11	23	45	42	40
					Thermal energy storage		11	14	38	22	29	31	28	28	29	35
				Hydrogen technology			14	12	83	71	125	121	79	151	136	101
				High-voltage direct current transmission			2	1	1	2	2	2	2	7	2	..
				Fuel cells			28	60	337	127	118	103	105	197	111	104
			Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions				1	7	16	24	69	54	82	67	93	54
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management					181	324	473	211	340	274	271	342	344	293
		Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management	Wastewater treatment				48	90	155	97	162	88	91	121	122	98
			Solid waste management				131	227	305	111	179	171	166	214	210	182
			Solid waste management	Waste collection, transportation, transfer or storage			1	2	2	5	..	..	2	2	2	2
				Waste processing or separation			..	..	2	1	1	3	3	2	9	4
				Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions			6	5	3	..	1	1	1	4	4	1
				Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse			11	33	57	25	21	41	13	34	32	34
				Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies			110	187	228	83	146	127	142	170	168	135
				Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies	Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly		9	16	29	3	15	9	7	10	8	6
					Waste management of vehicles		..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
					Construction or demolition [C&D] waste		1	..	4	1	2	2	4	1	1	..
Glass recycling						1	3	2	3	1	1	1	..	..	2
Plastics and rubber recycling						22	59	85	26	33	25	16	39	24	33
Paper recycling						15	31	12	2	8	6	9	18	22	18
Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use						..	2	1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes						3	3	7	7	1	2	5	6	1	2
Recycling of wood or furniture waste						..	1	2	2	2	..	..	..	..	..
Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging						21	29	28	8	9	9	26	14	24	23
Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment (WEEE)						5	3	3	1	5	2	1	1	..	12
Recycling of batteries or fuel cells						1	5	5	2	..	3	8	3	14	6
Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete						42	54	77	36	86	78	73	85	86	52
Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation				5	17	22	10	15	21	17	29	36	33
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases					11	19	93	41	238	91	118	95	101	63
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases			Capture or disposal of nitrous oxide (N2O)				1	5	12	6	8	3	2	8	7	2
		Capture or disposal of methane (CH4)				1	..	9	4	20	5	14	12	10	6
		Capture or disposal of perfluorocarbons (PFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)				1	..	20	..	..	1	..	..	1	..
		Capture or disposal of carbon dioxide (CO2)				8	15	55	32	219	88	110	80	87	60
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation					165	237	483	221	365	263	306	385	377	297
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation		Road transport				139	194	347	173	279	175	201	252	255	216
		Road transport	Conventional vehicles (based on internal combustion engine)			112	152	240	98	129	55	71	89	50	66
			Hybrid vehicles			4	10	23	40	30	12	20	29	13	14
			Electric vehicles			20	36	78	58	130	99	113	146	186	141
	Fuel efficiency-improving vehicle design (common to all road vehicles)			7	10	25	18	17	11	19	10	23	10
	Rail transport				4	9	12	10	17	15	21	15	10	5
	Maritime or waterways transport				9	14	55	15	14	16	19	27	25	10
	Aeronautics or air transport				14	20	65	29	58	55	66	95	88	66
	Enabling technologies in transport				5	15	33	28	69	58	75	86	123	96
	Enabling technologies in transport		Electric vehicle charging			5	13	23	22	62	47	67	72	111	85
	Enabling technologies in transport	Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells			..	2	18	13	10	15	10	15	17	12
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings					94	166	379	189	436	377	500	357	380	357
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings	Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings				16	26	58	47	153	120	131	92	150	130
	Energy efficiency in buildings				74	119	278	131	276	224	370	227	211	203
	Energy efficiency in buildings	Energy efficient lighting			9	16	68	44	50	64	91	50	33	56
		Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]			37	64	96	58	104	72	127	84	87	69
		Energy efficiency in home appliances			16	15	35	14	35	20	39	38	21	18
		Energy efficient elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies			..	..	..	..	3	1	3	1	..	1
		End-user side			13	26	92	15	84	76	124	57	71	61
	Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings				4	12	16	..	4	8	9	10	7	5
	Enabling technologies in buildings				5	16	41	20	43	54	61	55	38	45
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods					513	779	1 541	641	1 156	880	850	945	916	813
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods	Technologies related to metal processing				119	172	261	138	157	164	181	203	154	122
	Technologies related to metal processing	Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions			17	41	47	26	34	7	6	7	8	7
	Technologies related to metal processing	Process efficiency			103	152	222	117	141	160	179	198	148	117
	Technologies relating to chemical industry				254	388	704	260	469	282	235	333	264	254
	Technologies relating to chemical industry	Process efficiency in chemical industry			25	29	118	61	170	102	56	85	112	69
		Feedstock			22	52	79	34	77	48	39	76	47	67
		Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2			3	4	22	12	91	28	28	22	28	13
		Improvements relating to chlorine production			1	..	3	..	8	..	..	..	..	..
		Improvements relating to adipic acid or caprolactam production			..	..	1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
		Improvements relating to fluorochloro hydrocarbon, e.g. chlorodifluoromethane [HCFC-22] production			..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
		Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals			5	18	4	1	19	19	3	7	1	12
	Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry				10	11	32	46	161	61	49	50	51	44
	Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry	Bio-feedstock			8	6	21	38	136	52	39	42	35	39
		Ethylene production			2	7	14	24	23	8	8	4	20	4
	Technologies relating to the processing of minerals				32	39	63	28	54	28	38	30	40	34
	Technologies relating to the processing of minerals	Production of cement			9	7	22	10	47	13	24	29	31	16
		Production or processing of lime			..	8	7	1	2	1	3	..	3	..
		Glass production			15	22	32	16	5	11	9	1	4	8
		Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements			8	2	5	2	3	3	3	..	3	10
	Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries				27	31	60	29	71	99	103	128	206	134
	Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries	Using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping			5	5	3	1	4	9	4	2	4	8
		Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses			5	..	3	..	6	10	11	4	13	13
		Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture			11	15	26	13	25	57	66	62	147	87
		Land use policy measures			..	..	..	..	1	1	..	2	..	..
		Afforestation or reforestation			..	2	1	1	1	1	1	..	..	..
		Livestock or poultry management			..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1	..
		Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming			1	..	2	1	9	2	6	4	7	2
		Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking			5	9	26	13	24	22	19	54	40	32
	Technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products				59	107	292	133	215	190	135	142	180	163
	Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications				4	10	20	20	50	22	51	42	30	31
	Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to GHG emissions mitigation				24	30	141	18	109	70	111	89	78	83
Climate change adaptation technologies							311	594	1 624	1 053	1 381	997	1 418	1 377	1 368	1 284
Climate change adaptation technologies	Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin						6	12	15	6	16	2	10	16	12	13
	Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin	Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters					3	6	7	2	3	1	3	4	5	6
		Dune restoration or creation; cliff stabilisation					..	..	..	..	..	..	1	..	..	..
		Artificial reefs or seaweed; restoration or protection of coral reefs					..	1	..	..	10	1	2	1	2	1
		Flood prevention; flood or storm water management					2	1	7	2	3	..	1	3	4	2
		Controlling, monitoring or forecasting					..	..	..	1	..	..	3	7	..	3
	Water resource management						76	127	200	184	377	153	210	226	235	207
	Water resource management	Demand-side technologies (water conservation)					37	80	101	86	236	88	134	143	150	124
		Demand-side technologies (water conservation)	Indoor water conservation				8	37	20	22	32	18	39	38	48	33
			Irrigation water conservation				18	22	64	47	131	53	77	68	93	83
			Water conservation in thermoelectric power production				11	24	17	17	73	17	19	40	10	9
		Supply-side technologies (water availability)					39	54	102	103	145	71	80	86	86	85
		Supply-side technologies (water availability)	Water desalination				6	12	46	29	58	20	29	20	33	34
			Water filtration; Water and wastewater treatment				25	16	40	11	37	19	24	28	26	20
			Water collection (rain, surface and ground-water)				7	24	25	42	52	28	26	38	34	36
			Water storage and distribution				..	2	2	26	12	11	10	11	10	14
			Protecting water resources				1	3	3	10	3	..	2	1	1	..
	Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation						22	35	61	30	31	52	51	58	32	40
	Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation	Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems					1	2	4	2	3	5	..	2	3	..
		Structural elements or technology for improving thermal insulation					5	16	21	..	5	8	11	18	7	8
		Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies					8	9	21	7	8	6	17	6	12	4
		In transportation					4	4	6	7	6	11	9	13	5	9
		Planning or developing urban green infrastructure					3	2	8	14	4	3	1	2	2	3
	Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production						64	134	300	196	291	169	222	192	292	200
	Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production	In agriculture					42	89	229	147	238	113	158	135	198	136
		Ecological corridors or buffer zones					2	..	3	2	..	..	..	2	..	..
		In food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation					8	20	28	12	17	18	18	18	24	14
		In livestock or poultry					..	..	..	..	..	..	1	..	..	1
		In fisheries management					12	26	40	35	36	38	45	37	71	50
	Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather						144	274	953	606	619	536	765	800	715	685
	Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather	Air quality improvement or preservation					24	45	55	52	83	37	45	42	37	57
		Against vector-borne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change					118	227	895	552	534	488	717	745	676	626
	Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change						10	27	114	56	160	105	205	134	134	176
	Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change	Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation					10	17	109	51	156	102	194	128	129	168
		Assessment of water resources					..	10	5	4	3	3	9	6	3	3
		Monitoring or fighting invasive species					..	..	..	1	1	..	3	1	2	6
Sustainable ocean economy							80	116	256	151	257	162	193	223	212	176
Sustainable ocean economy	Ocean renewable energy generation						5	21	49	40	108	61	74	98	63	66
	Ocean renewable energy generation	Offshore wind energy					2	2	7	4	11	5	8	12	30	33
		Offshore solar energy					..	..	..	..	3	1	6	4	..	3
		Tide, wave, current and other marine energy					3	20	42	38	98	57	68	89	42	47
	Ocean pollution abatement						41	33	52	31	38	21	27	41	24	16
	Ocean pollution abatement	Ballast water treatment					1	4	6	21	13	7	10	24	7	4
	Ocean pollution abatement	Oil spill (and other floating debris) prevention and cleanup					40	29	46	10	26	14	17	17	17	12
	Climate change mitigation in maritime transport						9	14	55	9	14	16	19	27	18	8
	Climate change mitigation in maritime transport	Improved vessel design					9	12	46	6	5	4	7	14	6	2
	Climate change mitigation in maritime transport	Fuel-efficient propulsion or fuel substitution					..	2	9	3	9	12	14	13	12	6
	Climate change mitigation and adaptation in fishing, aquaculture and aquafarming						13	26	40	36	37	39	46	37	75	51
	Desalination of sea water						6	12	46	29	58	20	29	20	33	34
	Climate change adaptation in coastal zones						7	14	19	8	19	7	10	18	15	13

Data extracted on 21 Mar 2023 12:04 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat

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Patents - Technology diffusion

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