Environmental Policy Stringency Index

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Environment
- Air and Climate
- Waste
- Environmental risks and health
  - Exposure to air pollution
    - Exposure to PM2.5 in countries and regions
      - Exposure to PM2.5 in countries
      - Exposure to PM2.5 in large subnational regions
  - Exposure to climate-related hazards: Extreme temperature
  - Mortality, morbidity and welfare cost from exposure to environment-related risks
- Water
  - Connection rates to wastewater treatment
    - Connection rates to wastewater treatment
    - Wastewater treatment
  - Freshwater resources
    - Freshwater resources
    - Freshwater resources
  - Generation and discharge of wastewater
  - Freshwater abstractions
  - Water use
- Material Resources
  - Material Resources
- Forest
  - Depletion and growth of forest resources in terms of volume
- Land Resources
  - Land Cover
    - Land cover in countries and regions
    - Land cover in Functional Urban Areas
      - Land cover in Functional Urban Areas
      - Land cover in Functional Urban Areas - detail
    - Land cover change in countries and regions
    - Built-up area and built-up area change in countries and regions
    - Built-up area and built-up area change in Functional Urban Areas
      - Built-up area in Functional Urban Areas
      - Built-up area change in Functional Urban Areas
    - Surface water and surface water change
      - Surface water
      - Surface water change
    - Intact Forest Landscapes
  - Land Use
    - Land use
- Biodiversity
  - Protected areas
  - Red List Index
  - Threatened species
- Mineral and Energy Resource Accounts
  - Mineral and Energy Resources
- Innovation in environment-related technologies
- Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity
  - Environmentally Adjusted Multifactor Productivity
- Environmental Expenditures and Revenues
  - Environmental protection expenditure and revenues (DISCONTINUED)
  - EPEA (Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts)
- Environmental policy
- Agri-Environmental indicators: Nutrients
- Agri-Environmental other indicators
- Green Growth
  - Green Growth Indicators
- Sustainable Ocean Economy
  - Countries by indicator
  - Indicators by country
- Global Plastics Outlook
  - Global Plastics Outlook: Economic drivers, environmental impacts and policy options
  - Global Plastics Outlook: Policy scenarios to 2060
- Policy Indicators on Trade and Environment

Environmental Policy Stringency Index

Variable
Unit
Year		1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020


Country
Australia		0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.50	0.50	0.83	0.89	1.14	1.14	1.47	1.81	2.22	2.22	2.36	2.53	2.83	3.00	3.42	3.53	2.69	2.69	2.69	2.75	2.86	2.86	2.92
Austria		1.39	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.89	1.89	1.89	2.19	2.19	2.31	2.53	2.25	2.67	2.94	3.08	3.06	2.94	3.28	3.11	2.94	2.94	2.94	3.08	3.14	3.31
Belgium		0.89	0.89	0.94	0.94	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.28	1.11	1.56	1.56	1.61	1.56	2.47	2.58	2.64	2.31	2.64	2.67	2.56	2.94	3.06	2.94	2.94	2.83	2.89	2.94	3.00	3.22	3.44
Canada		0.67	0.67	0.67	0.72	0.72	0.72	0.50	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.72	0.72	0.72	1.89	1.89	2.06	2.47	2.86	2.94	3.19	3.61	3.61	3.44	3.44	3.19	2.53	2.36	2.58	2.69	2.64	3.03
Czechia		0.61	0.89	1.06	1.06	0.89	0.81	0.81	1.33	1.33	1.33	1.42	1.42	2.17	2.42	2.42	2.42	2.72	2.64	3.08	3.19	3.11	3.11	3.25	3.00	2.50	2.56	2.72	2.72	2.89	3.11	2.94
Denmark		0.42	0.94	1.28	1.17	1.17	1.17	1.50	1.50	1.44	1.56	2.00	2.00	1.89	2.64	2.81	3.03	3.14	3.14	3.19	3.42	4.08	4.22	3.89	4.06	4.11	4.03	3.94	4.03	3.78	3.67	3.72
Finland		1.58	1.72	1.89	1.89	1.83	2.00	1.83	2.22	2.06	2.06	2.08	2.08	2.58	2.42	2.64	2.75	2.97	2.97	3.19	3.17	3.11	3.75	3.64	3.64	3.69	3.86	3.83	3.83	3.92	3.81	4.11
France		1.44	1.33	1.33	1.33	1.39	1.39	1.47	1.47	1.47	1.64	1.75	1.67	2.00	2.08	2.83	2.86	3.08	3.25	3.42	3.69	3.61	3.94	3.92	3.92	4.22	4.03	3.92	4.17	4.56	4.72	4.89
Germany		1.44	1.69	1.61	1.61	1.67	1.50	1.69	1.44	1.58	1.50	1.78	1.78	2.42	2.67	2.78	2.89	2.94	2.78	3.03	3.14	3.08	3.17	3.06	3.22	3.11	3.03	3.08	3.03	3.25	3.31	3.47
Greece		0.36	0.47	0.53	0.94	1.17	1.17	1.11	1.11	1.19	1.11	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.47	1.42	1.78	1.89	1.97	2.25	2.44	2.61	2.75	2.64	2.58	2.89	3.06	2.89	2.86	2.86	2.83	2.89
Hungary		0.14	0.31	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.58	0.53	1.22	1.47	1.61	2.36	2.22	2.83	2.97	2.78	3.06	3.64	3.53	3.67	3.56	2.89	2.89	2.97	2.69	3.11	2.69	2.75	2.81
Ireland		0.53	0.47	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.89	0.89	0.94	0.94	1.22	1.17	1.22	1.97	2.03	2.08	2.44	2.36	2.64	2.67	2.67	2.58	2.58	2.81	2.86	2.86	2.50	2.44	2.50	2.56	3.00
Italy		1.61	1.50	1.58	1.33	1.33	1.42	1.42	1.33	1.58	1.50	1.78	1.78	1.92	1.92	1.97	2.22	3.14	2.97	3.08	3.28	3.47	3.50	3.58	3.67	4.00	4.06	4.06	4.06	3.78	3.75	3.72
Japan		1.58	1.58	1.58	1.58	1.64	1.75	1.94	1.94	2.11	2.61	2.69	2.69	2.69	2.75	3.03	3.03	2.97	3.06	3.00	3.11	3.22	3.42	4.06	3.83	3.83	3.72	3.94	3.89	3.61	3.78	3.78
Korea		0.08	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.83	0.89	0.89	1.39	1.81	2.22	3.14	3.31	3.31	3.14	3.31	3.39	3.61	3.00	3.00	2.83	2.94	3.00	3.00	3.11	3.17	3.17
Netherlands		1.56	1.56	1.56	1.56	1.61	1.44	1.39	1.44	1.50	1.44	1.56	1.72	1.61	1.78	1.81	2.75	2.78	2.78	3.22	3.56	3.75	3.17	3.14	3.06	3.11	3.19	3.33	3.11	3.50	3.47	3.47
Norway		0.47	0.92	1.53	1.58	1.42	1.53	1.53	1.42	1.42	1.36	1.64	1.53	2.36	2.25	2.25	2.47	2.47	2.81	2.97	3.67	3.67	3.72	3.67	3.67	3.72	3.72	3.72	3.72	3.83	3.89	3.94
Poland		0.58	0.53	0.58	0.64	0.64	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.81	0.81	1.14	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.33	2.08	2.36	2.25	2.58	2.78	2.94	3.00	2.72	2.89	2.94	2.94	2.83	2.89	3.06	3.42	3.47
Portugal		0.69	0.69	0.75	1.11	1.11	1.17	1.36	1.36	1.42	1.36	1.31	1.39	1.44	2.28	2.28	2.67	2.69	2.36	2.69	2.75	2.75	2.92	2.81	2.81	2.11	2.17	2.39	2.39	2.39	2.67	2.78
Slovak Republic		0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	1.14	1.14	1.42	1.47	1.47	2.08	2.14	1.81	1.81	2.42	2.31	2.69	2.58	3.17	3.00	2.83	3.06	2.42	2.56	2.44	2.50
Slovenia		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.06	0.11	0.11	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	2.03	2.08	2.08	2.25	2.92	2.86	2.86	2.75	2.92	2.89	2.89	2.94	3.00	3.00	3.17	3.22
Spain		0.72	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.28	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.19	1.47	1.47	1.47	1.47	2.22	2.36	2.39	2.47	2.56	2.67	2.61	2.83	2.81	2.22	2.39	2.39	2.28	2.28	2.44	2.44	2.50
Sweden		0.69	1.03	1.53	1.36	1.42	1.25	1.31	1.25	1.39	1.33	2.17	2.39	3.06	3.08	3.14	3.08	3.25	3.08	3.42	3.61	3.61	3.50	3.39	3.44	3.56	3.61	3.67	3.61	3.67	3.61	3.83
Switzerland		1.50	1.75	1.67	1.67	2.33	2.33	2.33	2.33	2.17	2.17	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.28	2.28	2.53	3.17	3.36	3.33	3.56	3.64	3.64	4.06	4.03	4.14	4.14	4.42	4.22	4.50
Türkiye		0.44	0.28	0.44	0.44	0.44	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.78	0.78	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.78	1.61	1.61	1.64	1.69	2.56	2.78	2.39	2.53	2.53	2.61	2.69	2.78	2.72	2.89	2.89
United Kingdom		1.11	1.11	1.11	0.94	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.33	1.33	1.33	2.14	2.14	2.31	2.42	2.25	2.47	2.67	3.36	3.33	2.89	3.22	3.75	3.86	3.36	3.47	3.53	3.53	3.61
United States		0.83	0.83	1.00	1.08	1.08	1.25	1.08	1.08	1.19	1.14	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.67	1.67	1.89	2.33	2.03	2.03	2.36	2.44	2.42	2.47	2.97	2.97	2.92	2.92	3.03
Non-OECD Economies	Brazil	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.28	0.83	0.75	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.17	0.25	0.58	0.58	0.64	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89
	China (People's Republic of)	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.31	0.36	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.81	0.97	1.31	1.47	2.47	2.53	2.75	2.89	2.78	2.83	2.86	2.94	3.14
	India	0.64	0.64	0.69	0.69	0.69	0.78	0.78	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.92	0.92	1.06	1.31	1.31	1.56	1.56	1.50	1.50	1.58	1.69	1.78	1.86	1.78	1.86	1.97	2.53	2.53	2.69	2.69	2.83
	Indonesia	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.67	0.83	0.83	0.75	0.75	0.75	1.08	1.25	1.31	1.56	1.64
	Russia	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.56	0.61	0.61	0.72	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67	0.67	1.08	1.08	1.08	1.17	1.17	1.17	1.17	1.17
	South Africa	0.25	0.25	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.36	0.31	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.19	0.44	0.44	0.39	1.11	1.83	1.53	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.92	0.86	0.92

Data extracted on 10 Dec 2023 16:31 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat

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Environmental Policy Stringency Index

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