All technologies (total patents) | | 1 040.33 | 2 575.03 | 2 923.69 | 2 389.84 | 2 643.09 | 2 724.75 | 2 573.6 | 2 567.72 | 2 452.8 |
Environment-related technologies | | 90.58 | 203.42 | 263.75 | 313.85 | 267.45 | 283.2 | 268.69 | 235.57 | 251.7 |
Environment-related technologies | Environmental management | | 58.08 | 106 | 138.67 | 156.08 | 93 | 117.92 | 110.92 | 120.2 | 100.62 |
Environmental management | Air pollution abatement | | 14 | 28.17 | 44.83 | 41.67 | 23.08 | 23 | 34.33 | 22 | 19.2 |
Air pollution abatement | Emissions abatement from stationary sources (e.g. SOx, NOx, PM emissions from combustion plants) | | 1 | 1 | 11.83 | 16.25 | 9 | 7 | 12.83 | 6.5 | 4.7 |
Emissions abatement from mobile sources (e.g. NOx, CO, HC, PM emissions from motor vehicles) | | 11 | 17.17 | 24.33 | 20.42 | 11.25 | 10 | 12.5 | 9 | 8.5 |
Air pollution abatement - Not elsewhere classified | | 3 | 11 | 18.33 | 5 | 7.83 | 8 | 12 | 6.5 | 6 |
Water pollution abatement | | 33.33 | 53.17 | 67.67 | 72.17 | 41.5 | 55.67 | 52.83 | 39.7 | 45.75 |
Water pollution abatement | Water and wastewater treatment | | 30.33 | 53.17 | 65.67 | 69.67 | 41.5 | 54.67 | 50.83 | 39.7 | 45.75 |
Fertilizers from wastewater | | .. | 2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 |
Oil spill and pollutant clean-up | | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.33 | 2 | 2 | .. | 1 |
Waste management | | 13.58 | 29 | 29.67 | 40.75 | 30.17 | 43.75 | 32.25 | 55.5 | 41.17 |
Waste management | Solid waste collection | | 1.5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 9 |
Material recovery, recycling and re-use | | 7.25 | 11.83 | 11.33 | 20 | 4.5 | 18.25 | 15.25 | 24.17 | 15.67 |
Fertilizers from waste | | 1.83 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 11.5 |
Incineration and energy recovery | | 2 | 2.33 | 1 | 5.25 | 3.17 | 1 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4 |
Waste management – Not elsewhere classified | | 2 | 5.33 | 8.33 | 2 | 8.33 | 18.5 | 8.5 | 11.33 | 8 |
Soil remediation | | .. | 1 | 2 | .. | 3 | 4 | 2.5 | 1 | 4 |
Environmental monitoring | | .. | .. | 1 | 1.5 | 1.25 | 1 | 2.5 | 2 | .. |
Climate change mitigation | | 55.08 | 134.42 | 180.92 | 234.02 | 210.37 | 218.87 | 213.19 | 174.87 | 184.62 |
Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | 0.5 | 1.17 | 4 | 4.57 | 9.33 | 9.53 | 4.67 | 5.33 | 6.67 |
Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | Energy efficient computing | | .. | .. | 2 | 1.08 | 2 | 2.83 | 1.5 | .. | 2.83 |
Energy efficiency in communication networks | | 0.5 | 1.17 | 2 | 3.48 | 7.33 | 6.7 | 3.67 | 5.33 | 3.83 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | 8.5 | 33.58 | 62.75 | 153.95 | 94.28 | 92.08 | 81.19 | 116.28 | 92.65 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | Renewable energy generation | | 4 | 19.08 | 38.25 | 90.62 | 49.45 | 48.75 | 37.19 | 53.5 | 40.33 |
Renewable energy generation | Wind energy | | .. | 1.5 | 7.5 | 7 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 5.5 |
Solar thermal energy | | 4 | 10 | 9 | 28.83 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 10.5 |
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy | | 2 | 9.58 | 15.25 | 36.78 | 30.12 | 25.92 | 20.36 | 32 | 25.83 |
Solar thermal-PV hybrids | | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 1 | 1 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .. |
Geothermal energy | | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 0.33 | .. | .. |
Marine energy, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient | | .. | 3 | 8 | 11.17 | 6.33 | 8.33 | 6 | 1 | 2.5 |
Hydro energy | | .. | 3.5 | 5 | 5.83 | 3.33 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin | | 2.5 | 1 | 2.5 | 13 | 11.67 | 16 | 8.5 | 12.5 | 11.5 |
Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin | Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel | | 2 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 6.17 | 8.67 | 14 | 6 | 8.5 | 6 |
Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel | | 2.5 | 0.5 | .. | 6.83 | 6.33 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 4 | 7.5 |
Nuclear energy | | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 2.5 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
Nuclear energy | Nuclear fusion reactors | | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
Nuclear fission reactors | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.) | | .. | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.) | Technologies for improved output efficiency (combined heat and power, combined cycles, etc.) | | .. | .. | 1 | 6 | 1 | .. | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Technologies for improved input efficiency (efficient combustion or heat usage) | | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution | | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 6 | 0.5 | .. | 1 | 1 |
Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution | Superconducting electric elements or equipment | | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 3 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 0.5 | .. | .. | .. |
Not elsewhere classified | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | .. | 1 | 1 |
Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation) | | 3 | 12.5 | 24.5 | 39.33 | 34.67 | 28.83 | 42 | 39.28 | 45.48 |
Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation) | Energy storage | | 2 | 11 | 14.25 | 19.83 | 25.67 | 21.83 | 32.42 | 21.12 | 32.98 |
Energy storage | Batteries | | 1 | 9 | 4.25 | 11.33 | 15.33 | 14.83 | 23.42 | 17.28 | 25.48 |
Capacitors | | .. | 2 | 0.5 | 5 | 1.17 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1.83 | 5.5 |
Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids | | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Thermal energy storage | | 1 | 1 | 9 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 6 | 1 | 5.5 |
Hydrogen technology | | .. | 0.5 | 3.25 | 10 | 11.5 | 4 | 6.5 | 11.5 | 9.5 |
High-voltage direct current transmission | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Fuel cells | | .. | 3 | 9.75 | 9.5 | 7.83 | 5 | 10.58 | 6.67 | 10.75 |
Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions | | .. | .. | 3 | 4 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 6.5 | 6 | 5.33 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | 13.83 | 24.17 | 31.67 | 26.75 | 19 | 29 | 26.67 | 16.67 | 26.83 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | Wastewater treatment | | 8.5 | 9.5 | 22.17 | 13.08 | 7 | 10.5 | 15.5 | 3 | 8 |
Solid waste management | | 6.33 | 16.67 | 7.5 | 13.67 | 11 | 16.5 | 10.17 | 12.67 | 16.33 |
Solid waste management | Waste collection, transportation, transfer or storage | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Waste processing or separation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions | | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. |
Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse | | 0.33 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 4 |
Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies | | 5 | 10.17 | 5 | 11.67 | 6 | 12 | 7.67 | 9.67 | 12.33 |
Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies | Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly | | 1 | 1.5 | .. | 1.17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
Waste management of vehicles | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Construction or demolition [C&D] waste | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
Glass recycling | | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Plastics and rubber recycling | | 1 | 3.5 | .. | 2.17 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | .. | 1.33 |
Paper recycling | | 2 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.33 | .. |
Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes | | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Recycling of wood or furniture waste | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging | | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment (WEEE) | | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Recycling of batteries or fuel cells | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.33 | 1 |
Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete | | 1 | 6.67 | 4 | 6.33 | 5 | 10.5 | 3.67 | 3 | 6 |
Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation | | .. | 1 | 2 | .. | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3.5 |
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | 1 | .. | 6.5 | 16.5 | 8.5 | 9.67 | 8 | 12 | 2.7 |
Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | Capture or disposal of nitrous oxide (N2O) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Capture or disposal of methane (CH4) | | .. | .. | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Capture or disposal of perfluorocarbons (PFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Capture or disposal of carbon dioxide (CO2) | | 1 | .. | 6.5 | 14.5 | 8 | 8.67 | 5 | 9 | 1.7 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | 14 | 30.5 | 26.83 | 30.83 | 30.67 | 24 | 35.83 | 21.73 | 15.5 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | Road transport | | 12 | 27 | 19.83 | 18.83 | 20.83 | 16 | 25 | 14.03 | 10 |
Road transport | Conventional vehicles (based on internal combustion engine) | | 11 | 22 | 13.83 | 12.83 | 8.25 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 4.8 |
Hybrid vehicles | | .. | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | .. | 1 | 2.5 | .. |
Electric vehicles | | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 10.58 | 9 | 13 | 5.53 | 6.4 |
Fuel efficiency-improving vehicle design (common to all road vehicles) | | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 2 | 1 | 3 | .. | 1 |
Rail transport | | .. | .. | .. | 3 | 1 | 2 | .. | .. | 1 |
Maritime or waterways transport | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | .. | 2 | 1 | .. | .. |
Aeronautics or air transport | | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | 7 | 5.83 | 3 | 7.83 | 5.5 | 4.5 |
Enabling technologies in transport | | .. | .. | 2 | 1 | 8.75 | 5 | 9.5 | 2.2 | 4.2 |
Enabling technologies in transport | Electric vehicle charging | | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 5.75 | 5 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 4.2 |
Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells | | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 3 | .. | 4 | 1 | .. |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | 4 | 22.08 | 25.75 | 25.92 | 34.33 | 36.53 | 34.83 | 29.83 | 30.17 |
Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings | | 1 | 5 | 9 | 11.33 | 7.5 | 13.25 | 13.25 | 9 | 13 |
Energy efficiency in buildings | | 2 | 14.08 | 19.75 | 14.08 | 22.83 | 22.28 | 21.08 | 16.83 | 10.17 |
Energy efficiency in buildings | Energy efficient lighting | | 1 | 3.58 | 5.75 | 5.08 | 7.83 | 7.03 | 5 | 3 | 1.5 |
Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] | | 1 | 6.5 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 8.5 | 11 | 4 | 5 |
Energy efficiency in home appliances | | .. | .. | 1 | 3 | 3 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. |
Energy efficient elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
End-user side | | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 7.75 | 7.08 | 8.83 | 4.17 |
Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings | | 1 | .. | .. | 0.5 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 2 |
Enabling technologies in buildings | | .. | 3 | 2 | .. | 5 | 4.75 | 2.75 | 4 | 5 |
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | 19.58 | 51.5 | 55.17 | 76.53 | 72.75 | 71.58 | 71.33 | 79.42 | 60.5 |
Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | Technologies related to metal processing | | 13.25 | 19 | 24.25 | 29.17 | 20.67 | 17.58 | 29.08 | 28.33 | 19.5 |
Technologies related to metal processing | Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions | | 1 | 5 | 4.67 | 3.5 | 2 | 2 | .. | .. | 1 |
Process efficiency | | 12.25 | 14 | 20.92 | 25.67 | 18.67 | 16.58 | 29.08 | 28.33 | 18.5 |
Technologies relating to chemical industry | | 3.83 | 12.08 | 9.83 | 15.5 | 28.17 | 20 | 14.83 | 20 | 10.83 |
Technologies relating to chemical industry | Process efficiency in chemical industry | | .. | 0.5 | 1 | 5.5 | 9.5 | 4 | 3 | 9.5 | 2.5 |
Feedstock | | 1.83 | 6 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 6.33 |
Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2 | | .. | .. | 2 | 5.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 6 | 6.5 | .. |
Improvements relating to chlorine production | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Improvements relating to adipic acid or caprolactam production | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Improvements relating to fluorochloro hydrocarbon, e.g. chlorodifluoromethane [HCFC-22] production | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry | | .. | .. | 1 | 1.83 | 4.33 | 1.5 | 2 | 3 | .. |
Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry | Bio-feedstock | | .. | .. | 1 | 1.83 | 4.33 | 1.5 | .. | 3 | .. |
Ethylene production | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Technologies relating to the processing of minerals | | 1.5 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
Technologies relating to the processing of minerals | Production of cement | | 0.5 | .. | 0.33 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
Production or processing of lime | | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. |
Glass production | | .. | 1.33 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements | | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries | | .. | 1.5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9.08 | 11 | 6 | 14.33 |
Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries | Using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 2 |
Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | .. | .. |
Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture | | .. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6.5 | 2 | 12.33 |
Land use policy measures | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Afforestation or reforestation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Livestock or poultry management | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking | | .. | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4.75 | 4.5 | 4 | 1 |
Technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products | | 1 | 11.08 | 12.25 | 13.7 | 7.83 | 8.92 | 4.75 | 7.83 | 4 |
Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications | | .. | 4 | .. | 1 | 2.83 | 5 | 3.83 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to GHG emissions mitigation | | .. | 2.5 | 6 | 9.33 | 5.25 | 14 | 7.83 | 8.75 | 6.33 |
Climate change adaptation technologies | | 20.67 | 54.62 | 89.53 | 63.8 | 49.43 | 63.42 | 55.31 | 72.07 | 54 |
Climate change adaptation technologies | Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin | | .. | 1 | .. | 1.5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin | Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. |
Dune restoration or creation; cliff stabilisation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Artificial reefs or seaweed; restoration or protection of coral reefs | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | 1 |
Flood prevention; flood or storm water management | | .. | 1 | .. | 1.5 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
Controlling, monitoring or forecasting | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Water resource management | | 4 | 6 | 33.5 | 26.5 | 17.33 | 19.5 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 15.08 |
Water resource management | Demand-side technologies (water conservation) | | .. | 4 | 9 | 7.5 | 9.33 | 8.5 | 7 | 13.5 | 7 |
Demand-side technologies (water conservation) | Indoor water conservation | | .. | .. | 5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 5.5 | 2 |
Irrigation water conservation | | .. | 3 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 5.33 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 5 |
Water conservation in thermoelectric power production | | .. | 1 | 3.5 | 2 | 0.5 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. |
Supply-side technologies (water availability) | | 4 | 2 | 25.5 | 19 | 9 | 11 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 8.08 |
Supply-side technologies (water availability) | Water desalination | | .. | 2 | 6.5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0.2 | 1.08 |
Water filtration; Water and wastewater treatment | | 3 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 7.5 | 3.5 | .. |
Water collection (rain, surface and ground-water) | | 1 | .. | 11 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 5 |
Water storage and distribution | | .. | .. | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | .. | 4 |
Protecting water resources | | .. | .. | 3 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation | | 3 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | .. | 2.5 | 2 |
Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation | Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Structural elements or technology for improving thermal insulation | | 1 | .. | .. | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 2 |
Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies | | .. | .. | 5 | 0.5 | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. |
In transportation | | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 0.5 | .. |
Planning or developing urban green infrastructure | | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production | | 4.83 | 16 | 14.53 | 11.83 | 12.5 | 18.17 | 9.7 | 20.37 | 11 |
Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production | In agriculture | | 3.83 | 13.5 | 5.83 | 7.67 | 9 | 11.17 | 6.2 | 13.37 | 7.5 |
Ecological corridors or buffer zones | | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
In food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation | | .. | 2 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.5 |
In livestock or poultry | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
In fisheries management | | 1 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 3.83 | 3 | 6 | 2.5 | 5 | 3.5 |
Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather | | 8.83 | 27.28 | 29.67 | 19.96 | 14.85 | 18.42 | 19.68 | 21.5 | 19.42 |
Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather | Air quality improvement or preservation | | 1 | 4 | 6.33 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3.33 | .. | 1.33 |
Against vector-borne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change | | 7.83 | 23.28 | 23.33 | 14.96 | 12.85 | 17.42 | 16.34 | 19.5 | 18.08 |
Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change | | .. | 3.33 | 6.33 | 2 | 4.75 | 5.33 | 4.43 | 3 | 5.5 |
Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change | Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation | | .. | 3.33 | 6 | 2 | 4.75 | 5.33 | 3.93 | 1 | 4.5 |
Assessment of water resources | | .. | .. | 0.33 | .. | .. | .. | 0.5 | 2 | .. |
Monitoring or fighting invasive species | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 |
Sustainable ocean economy | | 6 | 10 | 24.2 | 37 | 14.17 | 21.33 | 17.5 | 7.2 | 9.08 |
Sustainable ocean economy | Ocean renewable energy generation | | .. | 3 | 8 | 22.17 | 6.33 | 8.33 | 6 | 1 | 2.5 |
Ocean renewable energy generation | Offshore wind energy | | .. | .. | .. | 2 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 2 |
Offshore solar energy | | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Tide, wave, current and other marine energy | | .. | 3 | 8 | 18.17 | 6.33 | 8.33 | 6 | 1 | 2.5 |
Ocean pollution abatement | | 4 | 4.5 | 3 | 5.5 | 1.83 | 2 | 2 | .. | 1 |
Ocean pollution abatement | Ballast water treatment | | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Oil spill (and other floating debris) prevention and cleanup | | 4 | 4.5 | 2 | 4.5 | 1.33 | 2 | 2 | .. | 1 |
Climate change mitigation in maritime transport | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | 2 | 1 | .. | 1 |
Climate change mitigation in maritime transport | Improved vessel design | | 1 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 1 |
Fuel-efficient propulsion or fuel substitution | | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
Climate change mitigation and adaptation in fishing, aquaculture and aquafarming | | 1 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 3.83 | 3 | 6 | 2.5 | 5 | 3.5 |
Desalination of sea water | | .. | 2 | 6.5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0.2 | 1.08 |
Climate change adaptation in coastal zones | | .. | 1 | .. | 1.5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |