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Share of PCT patent applications filed by universities and PRIs
Structural composition of BERD
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Science Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
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Country Profiles - Revealed Technology Advantage in selected fields (Panel 3)
Country Profiles - Allocation of public R&D funds (Panel 4)
Science Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016
Patents Statistics
International co-operation in patents
Indicators of international co-operation
Domestic ownership of inventions made abroad
Foreign ownership of domestic inventions
Patents with foreign co-inventors
Patents by technology
Patents by technology or IPC class
Patents - total and specific technology domains (OECD)
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Patents in selected technologies by TL3 regions
Total patents by TL3 regions
Biotechnology patents by TL3 regions
ICT-related patents by TL3 regions
Nanotechnology patents by TL3 regions
Patents in environment-related technologies by TL3 regions
Research and Development Statistics
Expenditure
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by industry (ISIC Rev. 4)
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by main activity (focussed) and source of funds
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by main activity (focussed) and type of expenditure
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by source of funds and number of persons employed (organisation size class)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and field of R&D (FORD)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective (SEO)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source of funds
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and type of expenditure
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and type of R&D
GBARD
Government budget allocations for R&D
Personnel
R&D personel by sector and major field of R&D (FORD)
R&D personnel by sector of employment and qualification
R&D personnel by sector and function
R&D personnel in the business enterprise sector by main activity
Historical series
Government budget appropriations or outlays for RD
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds (1963-1980)
R-D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R-D (1963-1980)
R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation (1963-1980)
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds
R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and type of cost
R-D personnel by sector of employment and qualification
R-D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R-D
R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science
Business enterprise R-D personnel by industry
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and field of science
Business enterprise R-D personnel by industry (ISIC rev.4)
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective in NABS2007
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry (ISIC rev. 3.1)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry (ISIC rev. 4)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by source of funds (ISIC rev. 3.1)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by source of funds (ISIC rev.4
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by type of cost
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by type of cost (ISIC Rev.4)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds
Other national R-D expenditure by field of science and by source of funds
Other national R-D expenditure by field of science and by type of cost
R&D Tax Incentive Indicators
Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures
Effective tax rates for R&D
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
Science and Technology Indicators
Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI database)
TiVA 2021: Principal Indicators
Economic Outlook
Gross domestic product (annual)
Gross domestic product (quarterly)
Composite Leading Indicators
Consumer price indices - inflation
Health Status
Labour Market Statistics
Monthly Monetary and Financial Statistics (MEI)
Agricultural Outlook
Bilateral Trade by Industry and End-use (ISIC4)
Statistics from A to Z
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Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures
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Country [49 / 50]
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ProfitScenario
Profitable
Loss-making
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Country
FirmSize
Australia
SME
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.2
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.22
Large firm
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Austria
SME
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
Large firm
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
Belgium
SME
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
Large firm
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
Canada
SME
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
Large firm
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
Chile
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.32
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.32
Colombia
SME
0.12
0.12
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.33
0.33
0.35
0.35
0.43
0.45
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.68
0.67
0.71
Large firm
0.12
0.12
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.33
0.33
0.35
0.35
0.43
0.45
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.35
Czech Republic
SME
0.3
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.21
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
Large firm
0.3
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.21
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
Denmark
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0
0
0.07
0.07
0.07
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0
0
0.07
0.07
0.07
Estonia
SME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Large firm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Finland
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.28
0.22
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0
0
0.01
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.28
0.22
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0
0
0.01
France
SME
0.15
0.21
0.21
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.39
0.37
0.36
Large firm
0.15
0.21
0.21
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.39
0.37
0.36
Germany
SME
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.19
0.19
0.19
Large firm
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.19
0.19
0.19
Greece
SME
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.08
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.08
0.29
0.26
0.26
Large firm
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.08
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.08
0.29
0.26
0.26
Hungary
SME
0.18
0.18
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.16
0.11
0.11
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.22
0.2
0.2
0.19
0.18
0.16
Large firm
0.18
0.18
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.22
0.21
0.2
0.19
0.19
0.16
Iceland
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.42
0.42
0.42
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.3
0.3
0.3
Ireland
SME
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.27
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.27
0.27
0.27
Large firm
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.27
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.27
0.27
0.27
Israel
SME
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Large firm
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Italy
SME
-0.03
-0.03
0.12
0.12
0.12
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.11
0.2
0.2
Large firm
-0.03
-0.03
0.12
0.12
0.12
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.11
0.2
0.2
Japan
SME
0.19
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Large firm
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
Korea
SME
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
Large firm
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Latvia
SME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
Large firm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
Lithuania
SME
0
0
0
0.31
0.45
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
Large firm
0
0
0
0.31
0.45
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
Luxembourg
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Mexico
SME
0.4
0.39
0.39
0.39
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
Large firm
0.4
0.39
0.39
0.39
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
Netherlands
SME
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.39
0.31
Large firm
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.09
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
New Zealand
SME
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.19
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
Large firm
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.19
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
Norway
SME
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
Large firm
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
Poland
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.05
0.11
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.36
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.04
0.09
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.36
Portugal
SME
-0.01
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.4
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
Large firm
-0.01
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.4
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
Slovak Republic
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.11
0.11
0.1
0.28
0.41
0.55
0.55
0.28
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.11
0.11
0.1
0.28
0.41
0.55
0.55
0.28
Slovenia
SME
-0.01
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.08
0.2
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
Large firm
-0.01
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.08
0.2
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
Spain
SME
0.45
0.45
0.39
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
Large firm
0.45
0.45
0.39
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
Sweden
SME
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.11
0.11
0.11
Large firm
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.11
0.11
0.11
Switzerland
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Türkiye
SME
..
..
..
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
Large firm
..
..
..
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
United Kingdom
SME
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
Large firm
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
United States
SME
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.03
Large firm
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.03
Non-OECD Economies
Argentina
SME
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
Large firm
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
Brazil
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Large firm
-0.01
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
Bulgaria
SME
-0.01
-0.01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
China (People's Republic of)
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.23
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
Croatia
SME
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
Large firm
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
Cyprus
SME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Large firm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
Malta
SME
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
Large firm
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
Romania
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
Russia
SME
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
Large firm
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
South Africa
SME
0
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
Large firm
0
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
Thailand
SME
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.21
0.18
0.18
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.18
..
..
Large firm
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.21
0.18
0.18
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.18
..
..
Data extracted on 03 Jun 2023 14:59 UTC (GMT) from
OECD.Stat
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