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Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds
R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation
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Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective in NABS2007
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Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry (ISIC rev. 4)
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Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by source of funds (ISIC rev.4
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Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by type of cost (ISIC Rev.4)
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R&D personnel by sector and formal qualification
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Country [40 / 41]
Sector of employment [5 / 5]
Qualification [8 / 8]
Gender [2 / 2]
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Function [2 / 2]
Year [10]
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Combine
Manage
Sector of employment
Total intramural
Business enterprise
Government
Higher education
Private non-profit
Qualification
Total internal R&D personnel
Other diplomas (ISCED 1 to 4)
Other tertiary degrees and diplomas (ISCED 5+6+7)
Other tertiary level diplomas (ISCED 5)
Bachelor’s or equivalent (ISCED 6)
Master’s or equivalent (ISCED 7)
Doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8)
Degree not known
Function
Total internal personnel
Researchers
Gender
Total
Female
Measure
Head count
Unit
Persons
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Country
Austria
(
D
)
65 609
..
(
D
)
71 448
..
(
D
)
78 051
..
(
D
)
83 648
..
(
D
)
93 179
..
Belgium
63 207
..
66 724
..
73 709
..
78 867
..
91 757
..
Chile
(
D
)
9 388.21
(
D
)
10 446.8
(
D
)
9 795.441
(
D
)
12 303.124
(
D
)
13 015.062
(
D
)
14 180.67
(
D
)
14 391.501
(
D
E
)
15 466.95
..
..
Czech Republic
45 901.53
47 650.9
51 454.62
54 493.32
56 604.54
..
..
..
..
..
Estonia
7 646
7 634
7 515
7 721
7 181
6 845
7 344
7 281
7 734
..
France
338 469.5
356 444.98
366 298.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Greece
(
B
D
)
45 239
..
(
D
)
53 744
..
(
D
)
60 736
..
(
D
)
61 616
..
(
D
)
66 451
..
Hungary
36 945
37 019
37 803
39 190
38 418
38 915
42 729
(
B
)
54 970
58 091
..
Iceland
(
B
)
3 270.19
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Ireland
22 357.5
..
32 084
..
(
E
)
33 117
..
34 721
..
37 003
..
Italy
(
D
)
151 597
(
D
)
157 960
(
D
)
163 925
(
D
)
168 074
(
D
)
174 327
(
B
D
)
185 916
(
D
)
195 560
(
D
)
210 419
(
D
)
222 165
..
Japan
(
D
)
892 684
(
D
)
887 067
(
D
)
892 406
(
D
)
926 671
(
D
)
907 455
(
D
)
917 725
(
D
)
930 720
(
D
)
935 658
(
D
)
942 180
(
D
)
951 726
Korea
..
401 724
410 333
437 447
453 262
460 769
482 796
514 170
538 136
558 045
Latvia
(
D
)
7 377
(
D
)
7 995
(
D
)
7 448
(
D
)
7 939
(
D
)
7 827
(
D
)
7 400
(
D
)
7 504
(
D
)
7 439
(
D
)
7 724
..
Mexico
56 480.831
41 418.603
42 222.051
44 662
48 812
54 357.135
(
E
)
54 577.696
(
E
)
54 539.429
(
E
)
58 013.408
(
E
)
62 356.335
Norway
45 578
46 747
47 795
50 025
52 181
54 601
57 934
59 629
61 657
..
Poland
100 723
103 627
109 611
115 375
118 494
132 547
(
D
)
187 905
(
D
)
192 833
(
D
)
194 607
..
Portugal
82 354
81 750
(
B
)
78 290
78 736
81 005
85 780
89 659
96 123
100 823
104 681
Slovak Republic
(
D
)
24 711
(
D
)
25 069
(
D
)
24 441
(
D
)
25 080
(
D
)
24 396
(
D
)
26 720
(
D
)
26 861
(
D
)
28 755
(
D
)
28 851
(
D
)
28 696
Slovenia
(
B
)
12 514
12 362
12 111
12 155
11 308
11 282
14 079
15 388
15 925
..
Spain
(
D
)
220 254
(
D
)
215 544.325
(
D
)
208 766.634
(
D
)
210 103.501
(
D
)
214 227
(
D
)
218 680
(
D
)
225 995
(
D
)
234 798
(
D
)
241 372
..
Sweden
..
..
..
..
..
..
107 042
..
..
..
Türkiye
137 452
155 133
166 097
181 544
190 784
191 769
210 769
230 030
243 773
257 930
Non-OECD Economies
Argentina
(
P
)
77 354
(
P
)
80 245
(
P
)
81 964
(
P
)
83 837
82 407
86 563
84 284
88 872
90 656
90 397
Romania
(
B
)
25 489
27 838
27 600
27 535
27 253
27 801
27 367
27 471
27 168
..
Russia
(
E
)
374 791
(
E
)
372 620
(
E
)
369 015
(
E
)
373 905
(
E
)
379 411
(
E
)
370 379
(
E
)
359 793
(
E
)
347 854
(
E
)
348 221
..
Singapore
38 006
38 421
40 358
40 699
43 159
43 177
42 838
43 329
46 125
..
South Africa
40 653
42 828
45 935
48 479
51 877
56 761
61 840
62 772
61 341
..
Chinese Taipei
174 340.857
179 490.643
179 974.825
181 588.888
183 021.798
184 898.061
187 970.758
193 034.666
199 144.059
..
Legend:
B
Break
D
Difference in methodology
E
Estimated value
P
Provisional value
Data extracted on 31 May 2023 15:41 UTC (GMT) from
OECD.Stat
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