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Monthly Economic Indicators
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Public Sector, Taxation and Market Regulation
Regions and Cities
Science, Technology and Patents
Social Protection and Well-being
Transport
Science, Technology and Patents
OECD Science Technology and Industry Outlook
Science Technology and Industry Outlook 2012
Comparative performance of national science and innovation systems
Comparative performance of science and innovation systems
Science base
Business R&D and innovation
Entrepreneurship
Internet use for innovation
Knowledge flows and commercialisation
Human resources
Key figures
Key figures
Economic and environmental performances
Size of research system
Overview of national innovation policy mix
Overview of national innovation policy mix
Public research
Public support to business R&D and innovation
Revealed technology advantage in selected fields
Revealed technology advantage (RTA) in selected fields
RTA in selected fields
Share of PCT patent applications filed by universities and PRIs
Structural composition of BERD
Structural composition of BERD
Structural composition of BERD by sector of activity
Structural composition of BERD by category of entreprise
Science Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
Science Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
Overall performance and policy trends
Policy Profiles
Country Profiles - Key Figures
Country Profiles - Comparative performance of national innovation systems - Raw data (Panel 1)
Country Profiles - Comparative performance of national innovation systems - Indexes (Panel 1)
Country Profiles - Structural Composition of BERD (Panel 2)
Country Profiles - Revealed Technology Advantage in selected fields (Panel 3)
Country Profiles - Allocation of public R&D funds (Panel 4)
Science Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016
Patents Statistics
International co-operation in patents
Indicators of international co-operation
Domestic ownership of inventions made abroad
Foreign ownership of domestic inventions
Patents with foreign co-inventors
Patents by technology
Patents by technology or IPC class
Patents - total and specific technology domains (OECD)
Patents by IPC - Section A
Patents by IPC - Section B
Patents by IPC - Section C
Patents by IPC - Section D
Patents by IPC - Section E
Patents by IPC - Section F
Patents by IPC - Section G
Patents by IPC - Section H
Patents by WIPO technology field
Patents in environment-related technologies
Archived indicators
Patents by regions
Patents in selected technologies by TL3 regions
Total patents by TL3 regions
Biotechnology patents by TL3 regions
ICT-related patents by TL3 regions
Nanotechnology patents by TL3 regions
Patents in environment-related technologies by TL3 regions
Research and Development Statistics
Expenditure
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by industry (ISIC Rev. 4)
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by main activity (focussed) and source of funds
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by main activity (focussed) and type of expenditure
Business enterprise R&D expenditure by source of funds and number of persons employed (organisation size class)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and field of R&D (FORD)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective (SEO)
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source of funds
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and type of expenditure
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and type of R&D
GBARD
Government budget allocations for R&D
Personnel
R&D personel by sector and major field of R&D (FORD)
R&D personnel by sector of employment and qualification
R&D personnel by sector and function
R&D personnel in the business enterprise sector by main activity
Historical series
Government budget appropriations or outlays for RD
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds (1963-1980)
R-D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R-D (1963-1980)
R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation (1963-1980)
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds
R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and type of cost
R-D personnel by sector of employment and qualification
R-D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R-D
R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science
Business enterprise R-D personnel by industry
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and field of science
Business enterprise R-D personnel by industry (ISIC rev.4)
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective in NABS2007
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry (ISIC rev. 3.1)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry (ISIC rev. 4)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by source of funds (ISIC rev. 3.1)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by source of funds (ISIC rev.4
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by type of cost
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry and by type of cost (ISIC Rev.4)
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds
Other national R-D expenditure by field of science and by source of funds
Other national R-D expenditure by field of science and by type of cost
R&D Tax Incentive Indicators
Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures
Effective tax rates for R&D
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
Science and Technology Indicators
Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI database)
TiVA 2021: Principal Indicators
Economic Outlook
Gross domestic product (annual)
Gross domestic product (quarterly)
Composite Leading Indicators
Consumer price indices - inflation
Health Status
Labour Market Statistics
Monthly Monetary and Financial Statistics (MEI)
Agricultural Outlook
Bilateral Trade by Industry and End-use (ISIC4)
Statistics from A to Z
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Science Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016
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Indicator
Research and Development (R&D) expenditure (select)
R&D, all performers (select)
GERD (Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) (select)
GERD, million NC
GERD, million USD PPPs
GERD, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, % of GDP
GERD, OECD share, %
GERD, world share estimate, %
GERD, compound annual growth rate at constant prices, %
GERD by source of funds (select)
Industry funding (select)
GERD, financed by industry, million NC
GERD, financed by industry, million USD PPPs
GERD, financed by industry, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, financed by industry, % of total GERD
GERD, financed by industry, % of GDP
GERD, financed by government (select)
GERD, financed by government, million NC
GERD, financed by government, million USD PPPs
GERD, financed by government, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, financed by government, % of total GERD
GERD, financed by government, % of GDP
Other national fundings (select)
GERD, financed by higher education (select)
GERD, financed by higher education, million NC
GERD, financed by higher education, million USD PPPs
GERD, financed by higher education, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, financed by higher education, % of total GERD
GERD, financed by higher education, % of GDP
GERD, publically financed by government and higher education (select)
GERD, publically financed (by government and higher education) million NC
GERD, publically financed (by government and higher education) million USD PPPs
GERD, publically financed (by government and higher education) million constant USD PPPs
GERD, publically financed (by government and higher education), % of total GERD
GERD, publically financed, % of GDP
GERD, publically financed, compound annual growth rate - constant prices
GERD, financed by private non-profit sector (select)
GERD, financed by private non-profit sector, million NC
GERD, financed by private non-profit sector, million USD PPPs
GERD, financed by private non-profit sector, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, financed by private non-profit sector, % of total GERD
GERD, financed by private non-profit sector, % of total GDP
GERD, financed by other national sources (select)
GERD, financed by other national sources, million NC
GERD, financed by other national sources, million USD PPPs
GERD, financed by other national sources, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, financed by other national sources, % of total GERD
GERD, financed by other national sources, % of GDP
GERD, financed by other national sources, compound annual growth rate at constant prices, %
Funding from abroad (select)
GERD, financed by abroad, million NC
GERD, financed by abroad, million USD PPPs
GERD, financed by abroad, million constant USD PPPs
GERD, financed by abroad, % of total GERD
GERD, financed by abroad, % of GDP
R&D, business sector (select)
BERD (Business enterprise expenditure on R&D) (select)
BERD, million NC
BERD, million USD PPPs
BERD, million constant USD PPPs
BERD, % of total gross domestic R&D expenditures (GERD)
BERD, % of GDP
BERD, compound annual growth rate at constant prices, %
BERD by source of funds (select)
Industry funding (select)
BERD, financed by industry, million NC
BERD, financed by industry, million USD PPPs
BERD, financed by industry, million constant USD PPPs
BERD, financed by industry, % of total BERD
BERD, financed by industry, % of total GERD
BERD, financed by industry, % of GDP
Government funding (select)
Direct government funding (subsidies, grants, procurement) (select)
BERD, financed by government (direct), million NC
BERD, financed by government (direct), million USD PPPs
BERD, financed by government (direct), million constant USD PPPs
BERD, financed by government (direct), % of total BERD
BERD, financed by government (direct), % of total GERD
BERD, financed by government (direct), % of GDP
Total direct and tax funding (select)
BERD, financed by direct and tax funding, % of GDP
BERD by size of firms (select)
Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) (select)
BERD, SMEs, % of total BERD
R&D, public sector (select)
HERD (Higher education expenditure on R&D) (select)
HERD, million NC
HERD, million USD PPPs
HERD, million constant USD PPPs
HERD, % of total gross domestic R&D expenditures (GERD)
HERD, % of public sector R&D expenditures (PSERD)
HERD, % of GDP
HERD by source of funding (select)
Industry funding (select)
HERD, financed by industry, million NC
HERD, financed by industry, million USD PPPs
HERD, financed by industry, million constant USD PPPs
HERD, financed by industry, % of total HERD
HERD, financed by industry, % of total GERD
HERD, financed by industry, % of GDP
Public funding (governement and higher education) (select)
HERD, financed by government (select)
HERD, financed by government, million NC
HERD, financed by government, million USD PPPs
HERD, financed by government, million constant USD PPPs
HERD, financed by government, % of total GERD
HERD, financed by government, % of GDP
HERD, financed by higher education (select)
HERD, financed by higher education, million NC
HERD, financed by higher education, million USD PPPs
HERD, financed by higher education, million constant USD PPPs
HERD, financed by higher education, % of total GERD
HERD, financed by higher education, % of GDP
Higher education R&D by type of R&D (select)
Basic research (select)
Basic research expenditures, higher education, million NC
Basic research expenditures, higher education, million USD PPPs
Basic research expenditures, higher education, million constant USD PPPs
Basic research expenditures, higher education, % of GDP
Basic research expenditures, higher education, % of total basic research
Applied research (select)
Applied research expenditures, higher education, million NC
Applied research expenditures, higher education, million USD PPPs
Applied research expenditures, higher education, million constant USD PPPs
Applied research expenditures, higher education, % of GDP
Experimental development (select)
Experimental development expenditures, higher education, million NC
Experimental development expenditures, higher education, million USD PPPs
Experimental development expenditures, higher education, million constant USD PPPs
Experimental development expenditures, higher education, % of GDP
GOVERD (Government intramural expenditure on R&D) (select)
GOVERD (Government intramural expenditure on R&D) (select)
GOVERD, million NC
GOVERD, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, million constant USD PPPs
GOVERD, % of total gross domestic R&D expenditures (GERD)
GOVERD, % of GDP
GOVERD by source of funding (select)
Industry funding (select)
GOVERD, financed by industry, million NC
GOVERD, financed by industry, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by industry, million constant USD PPPs
Public funding (governement and higher education) (select)
GOVERD, financed by government (select)
GOVERD, financed by government, % of GDP
GOVERD, financed by government, million NC
GOVERD, financed by government, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by government, million constant USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by higher education (select)
GOVERD, financed by higher education, million NC
GOVERD, financed by higher education, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by higher education, million constant USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by higher education, % of GDP
GOVERD, financed by public sources (select)
GOVERD, financed by public sources, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by public sources, million constant USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by public sources, % of GDP
GOVERD, financed by private non-profit sector (select)
GOVERD, financed by private non-profit sector, million NC
GOVERD, financed funded by private non-profit sector, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by private non-profit sector, million constant USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by private non-profit sector, % of GDP
GOVERD, financed by abroad (select)
GOVERD, financed by abroad, million NC
GOVERD, financed by abroad, million USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by abroad, million constant USD PPPs
GOVERD, financed by abroad, % of GDP
GOVERD by source of funding (select)
Basic research (select)
Basic research expenditures, government, million NC
Basic research expenditures, government, million USD PPPs
Basic research expenditures, government, million constant USD PPPs
Basic research expenditures, government, % of GDP
Basic research expenditures, government, % of total basic research
Applied research (select)
Applied research expenditures, government, million NC
Applied research expenditures, government, million USD PPPs
Applied research expenditures, government, million constant USD PPPs
Applied research expenditures, government, % of GDP
Experimental development (select)
Experimental development expenditures, government, million NC
Experimental development expenditures, government, million USD PPPs
Experimental development expenditures, government, million constant USD PPPs
Experimental development expenditures, government, % of GDP
PSERD (Public sector expenditure on R&D) (select)
PSERD, million USD PPPs
PSERD, % of GDP
PSERD by source of funding (select)
Industry funding (select)
PSERD, financed by industry, million USD PPPs
PSERD, financed by industry, % of GDP
Public funding (government and higher education) (select)
PSERD, financed by government (select)
PSERD, financed by government, million USD PPPs
PSERD, financed by government, % of GDP
PSERD, financed by higher education (select)
PSERD, financed by higher education, million USD PPPs
PSERD, financed by higher education, % of GDP
PSERD, financed by public sources (select)
PSERD, financed by public sources, million USD PPPs
PSERD, financed by public sources, % of GDP
Other national sources (select)
PSERD, financed by other national sources, million USD PPPs
Funding from abroad (select)
PSERD, financed by abroad, million NC
Public R&D expenditure by type of R&D (select)
Basic research (select)
Basic research expenditures, public research, million NC
Basic research expenditures, public research, million USD PPPs
Basic research expenditures, public research, % of total public R&D
Basic research expenditures, public research, % of GDP
Basic research expenditures, public research, % of total basic research
Applied research (select)
Applied research expenditures, public research, million USD PPPs
Applied research expenditures, public research, % of GDP
Experimental development (select)
Experimental development expenditures, public research, million USD PPPs
Experimental development expenditures, public research, % of GDP
R&D expenditure, private non-profit (select)
Private non-profit expenditure on R&D (select)
Private non-profit expenditure on R&D, million NC
Private non-profit expenditure on R&D, million USD PPPs
Private non-profit expenditure on R&D, million constant USD PPPs
Private non-profit expenditure on R&D, % of GERD
Private non-profit expenditure on R&D, % of GDP
Private non-profit R&D, financed by industry (select)
Private non-profit R&D, financed by industry, million NC
Private non-profit R&D, financed by industry, million USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by industry, million constant USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by industry, % of GERD
Private non-profit R&D, financed by industry, % of GDP
Private non-profit R&D, financed by government (select)
Private non-profit R&D, financed by government, million NC
Private non-profit R&D, financed by government, million USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by government, million constant USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by government, % of GERD
Private non-profit R&D, financed by government, % of GDP
Private non-profit R&D, financed by higher education (select)
Private non-profit R&D, financed by higher education, million NC
Private non-profit R&D, financed by higher education, million USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by higher education, million constant USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by higher education, % of GERD
Private non-profit R&D, financed by higher education, % of GDP
Private non-profit R&D, financed by private non-profit sector (select)
Private non-profit R&D, financed by private non-profit sector, million NC
Private non-profit R&D, financed by private non-profit sector, million USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by private non-profit sector, million constant USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by private non-profit sector, % of GERD
Private non-profit R&D, financed by private non-profit sector, % of GDP
Private non-profit R&D, financed by abroad (select)
Private non-profit R&D, financed by abroad, million NC
Private non-profit R&D, financed by abroad, million USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by abroad, million constant USD PPPs
Private non-profit R&D, financed by abroad, % of GERD
Private non-profit R&D, financed by abroad, % of GDP
Public R&D budgets (select)
GBAORD (Government budget appropriations and outlays for R&D) (select)
GBAORD, million NC
GBAORD, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, % of GDP
GBAORD, % of general government expenditures
GBAORD by socio-economic objectives (select)
Defence (select)
GBAORD, defence, million NC
GBAORD, defence, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, defence, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, defence, % of total GBAORD
Civil (select)
GBAORD, civil, million NC
GBAORD, civil, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, civil, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, civil, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, civil, % of GDP
Non-oriented research (Civil) (select)
GBAORD, non-oriented research, million NC
GBAORD, non-oriented research, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, non-oriented research, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, non-oriented research, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, non-oriented research, % of GDP
Thematic research (Civil) (select)
Total (select)
GBAORD, total thematic, million NC
GBAORD, total thematic, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, total thematic, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, total thematic, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, total thematic, % of GDP
Space (select)
GBAORD, space, million NC
GBAORD, space, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, space, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, space, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, space, % of GDP
Earth (select)
GBAORD, earth, million NC
GBAORD, earth, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, earth, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, earth, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, earth, % of GDP
Energy (select)
GBAORD, energy, million NC
GBAORD, energy, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, energy, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, energy, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, energy, % of GDP
Environment (select)
GBAORD, environment, million NC
GBAORD, environment, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, environment, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, environment, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, environment, % of GDP
Agriculture (select)
GBAORD, agriculture, million NC
GBAORD, agriculture, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, agriculture, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, agriculture, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, agriculture, % of GDP
Health (select)
GBAORD, health, million NC
GBAORD, health, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, health, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, health, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, health, % of GDP
Telecom and infrastructures (select)
GBAORD, telecom and infrastructures, million NC
GBAORD, telecom and infrastructures, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, telecom and infrastructures, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, telecom and infrastructures, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, telecom and infrastructures, % of GDP
Industrial production (select)
GBAORD, industrial production, million NC
GBAORD, industrial production, million USD PPPs
GBAORD, industrial production, million constant USD PPPs
GBAORD, industrial production, % of total GBAORD
GBAORD, industrial production, % of GDP
Research, Development and Demonstrators (RD&D) budgets for energy Technology (select)
RD&D budgets (select)
Total RD&D, million NC
Total RD&D, million USD PPPs
Demonstrators budgets (select)
Demonstration, million NC
Demonstration, million USD PPPs
Demonstration, million constant USD PPPs
Innovation-related expenditure (select)
Investments on tangible and intangible assets (select)
GFCF (Gross Fixed Capital Formation) (select)
GFCF, million constant USD PPPs
Investments on intangible fixed assets (select)
Investments on intangible fixed assets, % of GDP
ICT investments (select)
ICT investments, total, % of gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
ICT investments, total, % of GDP
ICT investments, machinery and equipment, % of GDP
ICT investments, software, % of gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
ICT investments, software, % of GDP
Education expenditure (select)
Higher education (tertiary level) (select)
Total funding (select)
Tertiary education expenditure, million NC
Tertiary education expenditure, million USD PPPs
Tertiary education expenditure, million constant USD PPPs
Tertiary education expenditure, % of GDP
Public funding (select)
Tertiary education expenditure, financed by government, million NC
Tertiary education expenditure, financed by government, million USD PPPs
Tertiary education expenditure, financed by government, % of GDP
Tertiary education expenditure, financed by government, % of general government expenditure
Education and human resources (select)
Education outcomes (select)
Population educational attainment (select)
Adult population at tertiary education level, % total
Top performers at 15 (select)
Top performers in science among 15-year olds, % total
Top performers in mathematics among 15-year olds, % total
Top performers in reading among 15-year olds, % total
Top adult performers (select)
Top adult performers in literacy , % of 16-65 year-old adults
Top adult performers in numeracy, % of 16-65 year-old adults
Top adult performers in problem solving in technology-rich environments, % of 16-65-year-old adults
Tertiary education graduation (select)
University graduates (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8) all educational programmes (select)
University graduates (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8) all educational program, number
Women university graduates (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8) all educational program, number
Women university graduates (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8) all educational program, % total
University graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, all fields (select)
University graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, number
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, number
Women university graduates, % of total
University graduates,(ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, science and engineering (select)
University graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, science, number
University graduates,(ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, engineering, number
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, science, number
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, engineering, number
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 8) general/ academic programmes, science and engineering, % of total
University graduates,(ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), general / academic programmes, all fields (select)
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), general / academic programmes, number
Women university graduates, % of total
University graduates,(ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), general / academic programmes, science and engineering (select)
University graduates,(ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), science, number
University graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), engineering, number
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), science, number
Women university graduates, (ISCED2011 levels 6 to 7), engineering, number
Doctorate graduates (ISCED2011 level 8), all fields (select)
Doctorate graduates,(ISCED2011 level 8) number
Women doctorate graduates (ISCED2011 level 8), number
Women doctorate graduates (ISCED2011 level 8), % of total
Doctorate graduates (ISCED2011 level 8), science and engineering (select)
Doctorate graduates,(ISCED2011 level 8), science, number
Doctorate graduates, (ISCED2011 level 8), engineering, number
Women doctorate graduates,(ISCED2011 level 8), engineering, number
Women doctorate graduates,(ISCED2011 level 8), science, number
International/foreign students in higher education (tertiary level- ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8) (select)
International/foreign students at university/tertiary level (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8) (select)
Total enrolment at tertiary level (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), number
International/foreign students at tertiary level (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), number
International/foreign students at tertiary level (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), % total enrolment at tertiary-level
International/foreign students at doctoral level (ISCED2011 level 8) (select)
International/foreign students at doctoral level (ISCED2011 level 8), number
International/foreign students at doctoral level (ISCED2011 level 8), % total enrolment at doctorate level
Researchers and R&D personnel (select)
Researchers (select)
Researchers, FTE
Researchers, headcount
Researchers, per thousand employment
Women researchers, headcount
Women researchers, % of total researchers
R&D personnel (select)
R&D personnel, FTE
R&D personnel, per thousand total employment
ICT and Internet (select)
ICT network (select)
Broadband (select)
Fixed broadband subscribers, million
Fixed broadband subscribers, per 100 inhabitants
Wireless broadband subscribers, million
Wireless broadband subscribers, per 100 inhabitants
Cybersecurity (select)
Secure servers, per 100 thousand inhabitants
ICT use and deployment (select)
Internet (select)
Internet users, per 100 inhabitants
Government and administration (select)
E-government development index
Financial markets (select)
Equity financing (select)
Venture capital (select)
Venture capital investments (select)
Venture capital, millions USD
Venture capital, % of GDP
Legal and regulatory business environment (select)
Product market regulation index (PMR)(select)
PMR - State control
PMR - State control, Public ownership
PMR - State control, Involvement in business operation
PMR - Barriers to entrepreneurship
PMR - Barriers to entrepreneurship, Complexity of regulatory procedures
PMR - Barriers to entrepreneurship, Administrative burdens on startups
PMR - Barriers to entrepreneurship, Regulatory protection of incumbents
PMR - Barriers to trade and investment
PMR - Barriers to trade and investment, Explicit barriers
PMR - Barriers to trade and investment, Other barriers
PMR - Ease of entrepreneurship index
Employment protection legislation index (EPL) (select)
EPL - Strictness of employment protection – individual dismissals (regular contracts)
EPL - Strictness of employment protection – collective dismissals (regular contracts)
EPL - Strictness of employment protection – temporary contracts
Science, Technology and Innovation actors (select)
Top universities and Public Research Institutes (PRIs) (select)
Top universities (select)
Top universities 20-500 (select)
Top 20 universities, number
Top 100 universities, number
Top 200 universities, number
Top 500 universities, number
Top 500 universities, per million population
Top 500 universities, per GDP billion USD PPPs
Top world corporate R&D investors (select)
Top 500 (select)
Top 500 corporate R&D investors, number
Top 500 corporate R&D investors per million population
Top 500 corporate R&D investors, per GDP USD PPPs
Multinationals (select)
R&D expenditure of foreign affiliates (select)
Foreign multinationals (select)
R&D expenditures of foreign affiliates, million NC
R&D expenditures of foreign affiliates, % of total R&D expenditure of enterprises
R&D expenditures of foreign affiliates, % of GDP
Domestic multinationals (select)
R&D expenditures of domestic firms outward, million NC
R&D expenditures of domestic firms outward, % of total R&D expenditure of enterprises
R&D expenditures of domestic firms outward, % of GDP
Cross-border ownership of patents (Patent Cooperation Treaty)
Foreign ownership of patents, number of PCT patent applications
Foreign ownership of patents, % of all PCT patent applications
Domestic ownership of patents invented or co-invented abroad, number of PCT patent applications
Domestic ownership of patents invented or co-invented abroad, % of PCT patent applications by residents
Innovative firms (select)
Young patenting firms (select)
Young patenting firms, per billion USD PPPs GDP
S&T and non S&T output (select)
Patents (select)
Triadic patent families (select)
Triadic patent families, number
Triadic patent families, per GDP billion USD PPPs
Triadic patent families, world share, %
Patents filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) (select)
PCT patents, number of applications
PCT patents by Public Research Institutes (PRIs) (select)
IP5 patents families filed by universities and PRIs, % of all IP5 patents families applications
IP5 patents families filed by universities and PRIs in nanotechnology, % of all IP5 patents families applications
IP5 patents families filed by universities and PRIs in environment related technologies, % of all IP5 patents families applications
IP5 patents families filed by universities and PRIs in ICT, % of all IP5 patents families applications
Revealed Technology advantage (RTA) (select)
RTA in biotechnologies
RTA in ICT
RTA in environment-related technologies
Trademarks and designs (select)
Trademarks (select)
Trademarks abroad, per GDP billion USD PPPs
Economic impact (select)
Business demography and dynamism (select)
Firms creation and destruction (select)
Employer enterprise births, number (total industry and market services)
Employer enterprise birth rate, total economy, % of active enterprises with at least one employee
Employer enterprise deaths, number
Employer enterprise death rate, % of % of active enterprises with at least one employee
Macroeconomic performance (select)
Economic growth (select)
GDP, million NC
GDP, million USD PPP
GDP, million constant USD PPPs
GDP, annual growth rate at constant prices, %
GDP per capita, USD PPPs
GDP per capita, constant USD PPPs
Labour productivity (select)
Labour productivity, GDP per hour worked, USD PPPs
Labour productivity, GDP per hour worked, constant USD PPPs
Labour productivity, annual growth rate at constant prices, %
International trade and competitiveness (select)
Trade in global value chains (select)
Value-added by foreign industries (select)
Foreign value-added in exports, % of total gross exports
Impact on global challenges (select)
Environment and natural resources (select)
Environment and climate change (select)
Environmental productivity, NNI per unit of CO2 emitted, USD PPPs
Environmental productivity, NNI per unit of CO2 emitted, annual growth rate at constant prices, %
Demography, labour and society (select)
Demography (select)
Population (select)
Population, total
Population, working age
Population, women, working age
Ageing and dependency (select)
Median age population
Population, 65+
Population, 65+, % of total
Population, 80+
Population, 80+, % of total
Population, <15
Population, <15, % total
Population, dependent
Dependency ratio, % of working age population
Old-age dependency ratio, % of working age population
Youth dependency ratio, % of working age population
Labour force and employment (select)
Labour force (select)
Labour force, civilian
Labour force, civilian, 15-24, thousand
Employment (select)
Employment, total
Employment rate, % of working-age population
Employment rate, women, % women in working-age population
Vulnerable employment, % of total employment
Vulnerable employment, women, % of women in employment
Unemployment (select)
Unemployed persons, thousand
Unemployment rate, % civilian of labour force
Unemployment rate, women, % civilian of labour force
Youth unemployment rate, 15-24, % of civilian labour force
Society (select)
Growth and social inclusion (select)
Gini coefficient at disposable income, post taxes and transfers (income inequality)
Income gap between the 10% richest and poorest 10%, disposable income - Method 2012
Poor population, after taxes and transfers, % total population (poverty rate)
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Country
Australia
2
..
2.25
..
2.19
2.12
..
2.11
..
..
Austria
2.37
2.43
2.59
2.61
2.74
2.68
2.93
2.96
3.07
3.1
Belgium
1.81
1.84
1.92
1.99
2.05
2.16
2.36
2.43
2.47
..
Canada
1.95
1.91
1.86
1.92
1.84
1.8
1.79
1.69
1.61
..
Chile
..
0.31
0.37
0.35
0.33
0.35
0.36
0.39
0.38
..
Colombia
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
..
..
..
Costa Rica
0.36
0.4
0.54
0.48
0.47
0.47
..
..
..
..
Czech Republic
1.23
1.31
1.24
1.3
1.34
1.56
1.79
1.91
2
..
Denmark
2.4
2.51
2.78
3.07
2.94
2.97
3
3.06
3.05
..
Estonia
1.12
1.07
1.26
1.4
1.58
2.31
2.11
1.71
1.44
..
Finland
3.34
3.35
3.55
3.75
3.73
3.64
3.42
3.29
3.17
..
France
2.05
2.02
2.06
2.21
2.18
2.19
2.23
2.24
2.26
..
Germany
2.46
2.45
2.6
2.73
2.71
2.8
2.87
2.83
2.9
..
Greece
0.56
0.58
0.66
0.63
0.6
0.67
0.7
0.81
0.84
..
Hungary
0.99
0.96
0.99
1.14
1.15
1.2
1.27
1.4
1.37
..
Iceland
2.92
2.58
2.54
2.66
..
2.49
..
1.87
1.89
..
Ireland
1.2
1.23
1.39
1.61
1.61
1.53
1.56
1.54
1.49
..
Israel
4.13
4.41
4.33
4.12
3.93
4.01
4.13
4.09
4.11
..
Italy
1.09
1.13
1.16
1.22
1.22
1.21
1.27
1.31
1.29
..
Japan
3.41
3.46
3.47
3.36
3.25
3.38
3.34
3.48
3.59
..
Korea
2.83
3
3.12
3.29
3.47
3.74
4.03
4.15
4.29
..
Latvia
0.65
0.55
0.58
0.45
0.61
0.7
0.67
0.61
0.69
..
Lithuania
0.79
0.8
0.79
0.83
0.78
0.9
0.9
0.95
1.01
..
Luxembourg
1.69
1.61
1.64
1.71
1.53
1.5
1.29
1.3
1.26
..
Mexico
0.37
0.37
0.4
0.43
0.45
0.43
0.43
0.5
0.54
..
Netherlands
1.76
1.69
1.64
1.69
1.72
1.9
1.94
1.96
2
..
New Zealand
..
1.16
..
1.25
..
1.23
..
1.15
..
..
Norway
1.46
1.56
1.56
1.72
1.65
1.63
1.62
1.65
1.71
..
Poland
0.55
0.56
0.6
0.67
0.72
0.75
0.88
0.87
0.94
..
Portugal
0.95
1.12
1.45
1.58
1.53
1.46
1.38
1.33
1.29
..
Slovak Republic
0.48
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.62
0.66
0.81
0.83
0.89
..
Slovenia
1.53
1.42
1.63
1.82
2.06
2.42
2.58
2.6
2.39
..
Spain
1.17
1.23
1.32
1.35
1.35
1.33
1.28
1.26
1.23
..
Sweden
3.5
3.26
3.5
3.45
3.22
3.25
3.28
3.31
3.16
..
Switzerland
..
..
2.73
..
..
..
2.97
..
..
..
Türkiye
0.58
0.72
0.73
0.85
0.84
0.86
0.92
0.94
1.01
..
United Kingdom
1.65
1.68
1.69
1.74
1.69
1.69
1.62
1.66
1.7
..
United States
2.55
2.63
2.77
2.82
2.74
2.76
2.7
2.74
..
..
European Union (28 countries)
1.69
1.7
1.77
1.84
1.84
1.88
1.92
1.93
1.95
..
OECD - Total
2.19
2.22
2.29
2.34
2.3
2.33
2.34
2.37
2.38
..
Non-OECD Economies
Argentina
0.4
0.4
0.42
0.48
0.52
0.54
0.61
0.61
0.61
..
Brazil
1.08
1.13
1.12
1.16
1.14
1.15
1.24
1.24
..
..
China (People's Republic of)
1.38
1.38
1.46
1.68
1.73
1.79
1.93
2.01
2.05
..
Egypt
(
D
)
0.26
(
D
)
0.27
(
B
D
)
0.43
(
D
)
0.43
(
D
)
0.53
(
D
)
0.54
(
D
)
0.68
..
..
..
India
0.79
0.84
0.82
(
E
)
0.8
(
E
)
0.82
0.81
..
..
..
..
Indonesia
..
..
(
P
)
0.08
0.08
..
..
(
E
)
0.08
..
..
..
Malaysia
0.61
(
B
)
0.79
1.01
1.07
1.06
1.13
..
..
..
..
Russia
1.07
1.12
1.04
1.25
1.13
1.09
1.13
1.13
1.19
..
South Africa
0.9
0.88
0.89
0.84
0.74
0.73
0.73
..
..
..
Thailand
0.21
0.21
0.25
0.25
0.39
..
..
..
..
..
Legend:
B
Break
D
Difference in methodology
E
Estimated value
P
Provisional value
Data extracted on 09 Jun 2023 07:32 UTC (GMT) from
OECD.Stat
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