| Development of environment-related technologies | Percentage of all technologies |  Environment-related technologies | | 12.5 | 11.22 | 8.71 | 7.9 | 9.02 | 13.13 | 10.12 | 10.39 | 10.44 | 9.17 | 10.26 |
| Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | 4.17 | 3.28 | 5.58 | 4.12 | 4.74 | 6.53 | 3.52 | 4.33 | 4.31 | 4.68 | 4.1 |
| Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | 1.67 | 3.74 | 0.82 | 1.3 | 2.15 | 6.44 | 3.57 | 3.38 | 3.15 | 4.53 | 3.78 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | 6.67 | 2.19 | 1.88 | 2 | 1.89 | 3.2 | 2.75 | 2.63 | 2.77 | 3.09 | 2.47 |
| Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | .. | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.27 |
| Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | 0.1 | .. | 0.22 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.11 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | 2.74 | 1.35 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.29 | 1.16 | 0.88 | 1.39 | 0.85 | 0.63 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | 1.67 | 0.73 | 0.38 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 1.08 | 1.3 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.16 | 1.23 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | 0.91 | 1.33 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 0.72 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 0.65 | 1.09 |
| Climate change adaptation technologies | | 1.67 | 0.64 | 1.99 | 2.12 | 3.06 | 2.67 | 1.87 | 2.33 | 2.15 | 2.81 | 2.2 |
| Sustainable ocean economy | | .. | 0.36 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.83 | 1.55 | 0.54 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 0.28 | 0.37 |
| Relative advantage | Environment-related technologies | | 2.24 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 1.03 |
| Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | 1.79 | 0.84 | 1.45 | 1.26 | 1.4 | 1.41 | 1.04 | 1.34 | 1.4 | 1.32 | 1.61 |
| Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | 1.21 | 1.65 | 0.61 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.98 | 1.03 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | 4.72 | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.18 | 1.36 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 1.18 | 1.45 | 1.26 |
| Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | .. | 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.4 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.39 |
| Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | 1.58 | .. | 2.48 | 3.8 | 2.33 | 2.79 | 2.84 | 4.01 | 1.18 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | 2.25 | 1.39 | 0.95 | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.26 | 0.3 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | 5.7 | 1.12 | 1 | 1.7 | 1.24 | 0.73 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.56 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | 1.83 | 2.19 | 2.15 | 2.72 | 2.44 | 2.02 | 2.98 | 2.76 | 1.65 | 2.82 |
| Climate change adaptation technologies | | 3.74 | 0.95 | 2.8 | 1.75 | 2.93 | 1.08 | 1.64 | 1.97 | 2.03 | 1.53 | 2.68 |
| Sustainable ocean economy | | .. | 1.62 | 3.51 | 2.63 | 4.4 | 1.49 | 1.87 | 2.86 | 2.5 | 0.54 | 1.66 |
| Percentage of inventions worldwide | Environment-related technologies | | 0.64 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.18 | 1.08 | 0.81 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.56 | 0.66 |
| Inventions per capita | | 0.6 | 4.18 | 5.31 | 10.69 | 13.07 | 14.25 | 11.23 | 11.71 | 10.92 | 9.43 | 9.92 |
| Inventions per unit of government R&D | | .. | .. | 1.03 | 1.57 | 2.03 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.59 |
| Percentage of environment-related technologies. By domain | Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | 29.41 | 24.16 | 48.61 | 39.41 | 39.47 | 31.78 | 25.7 | 30.21 | 29.7 | 29.94 | 29.98 |
| Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | 11.76 | 27.52 | 7.11 | 12.48 | 17.86 | 31.35 | 26.05 | 23.59 | 21.74 | 28.96 | 27.6 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | 47.06 | 16.11 | 16.39 | 19.14 | 15.7 | 15.58 | 20.1 | 18.34 | 19.1 | 19.78 | 18.03 |
| Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | .. | 0.42 | 0.43 | 1.14 | 0.93 | 2.58 | 2.44 | 1.25 | 1.33 | 1.99 |
| Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | .. | 0.84 | .. | 1.85 | 3.36 | 2.35 | 2.48 | 2.14 | 2.99 | 0.8 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | .. | 20.13 | 11.72 | 11.34 | 7.64 | 6.28 | 8.48 | 6.15 | 9.59 | 5.41 | 4.62 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | 11.76 | 5.37 | 3.35 | 8.21 | 7.33 | 5.28 | 9.49 | 9.36 | 9.33 | 7.43 | 8.99 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | .. | 6.71 | 11.57 | 8.99 | 9.01 | 5.45 | 5.25 | 7.43 | 7.14 | 4.15 | 7.99 |
| Diffusion of environment-related technologies | Percentage of all technologies | Environment-related technologies | | 4.88 | 9.17 | 7.31 | 6.51 | 7.46 | 12.41 | 9.13 | 8.86 | 9.27 | 8.86 | 8.09 |
| Percentage of inventions worldwide | | 6.48 | 6.72 | 5.84 | 10.11 | 3.03 | 3.19 | 2.01 | 2.13 | 2.26 | 2.18 | 1.97 |
| Percentage of environment-related technologies. By domain | Environment-related technologies | General environmental management | | 50.28 | 31.58 | 42.28 | 34.32 | 37.31 | 28.18 | 26.78 | 27.48 | 27.94 | 28.7 | 26.56 |
| Climate change mitigation | Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution | | 11.17 | 22.79 | 13.76 | 21.36 | 20.09 | 28.36 | 27.07 | 24.17 | 25.82 | 26.69 | 29.03 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods | | 20.95 | 27.8 | 22.62 | 21.22 | 19.03 | 18.74 | 19.64 | 18.05 | 18.37 | 17.88 | 18.3 |
| Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT) | | .. | 0.26 | 1.46 | 3.44 | 3.92 | 2.37 | 4.08 | 4.93 | 4.96 | 3.26 | 3.38 |
| Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases | | .. | 0.65 | 0.49 | 1.28 | 1.22 | 3.86 | 2.03 | 2.51 | 1.85 | 1.97 | 1.42 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation | | 7.82 | 6.64 | 7.28 | 6.65 | 6.56 | 5.92 | 5.87 | 6.5 | 7.48 | 7.36 | 6.68 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings | | 4.19 | 5.01 | 4.14 | 5.22 | 5.61 | 7.07 | 8.41 | 10.62 | 6.94 | 7.42 | 8.04 |
| Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management | | 5.59 | 5.27 | 7.98 | 6.51 | 6.26 | 5.51 | 6.11 | 5.75 | 6.65 | 6.72 | 6.59 |
| International collaboration in development of environment-related technologies | Percentage of collaborations in all technologies | Environment-related technologies | | .. | 5.8 | 12 | 3.39 | 5.7 | 8.32 | 7.64 | 5.79 | 6.83 | 5.21 | 6.4 |
| Propensity to collaborate with foreign countries in environment-related technologies | Total patents | | 5 | 22.08 | 51.25 | 261.04 | 547.56 | 548.34 | 600.78 | 621.24 | 618.15 | 659.34 | 546.48 |
| Environment-related technologies | | .. | 2 | 3 | 10.03 | 41.4 | 61.6 | 49.58 | 45.24 | 51.35 | 34.32 | 36.04 |
| Development of renewable energy technologies | Inventions per unit of public RD&D | | .. | 0.59 | .. | .. | 1.64 | 1.53 | 0.59 | 1.76 | 1.04 | 1.6 | 2.41 |