Environmental and resource productivity | CO2 Productivity | Production-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | US dollars per kilogram, 2015 | | 1.96 | 1.96 | 2.01 | 2.06 | 2.09 | 2.09 | 2.10 | 2.14 | 2.11 | 2.15 | 2.16 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 2.32 | 2.30 | 2.35 | 2.40 | 2.42 | 2.45 | 2.46 | 2.50 | 2.61 | 2.68 | 2.79 | 2.93 | 2.96 | 2.95 | 3.01 | 3.09 | 3.10 | 3.30 | 3.38 | .. |
Production-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita | Tonnes | | 15.21 | 15.10 | 15.16 | 15.25 | 15.44 | 15.85 | 16.20 | 16.45 | 17.34 | 17.48 | 17.59 | 17.69 | 17.90 | 17.66 | 18.15 | 18.05 | 18.07 | 18.23 | 18.02 | 17.95 | 17.78 | 17.45 | 17.18 | 16.58 | 15.93 | 15.97 | 16.14 | 15.97 | 15.67 | 15.35 | 14.57 | 14.71 | .. |
Production-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100 | Index, 2000=100 | | 77.55 | 78.00 | 79.20 | 80.37 | 82.15 | 85.26 | 88.22 | 90.57 | 96.43 | 98.25 | 100.00 | 101.89 | 104.28 | 104.09 | 108.08 | 108.84 | 110.42 | 113.47 | 114.45 | 116.32 | 117.08 | 116.50 | 116.68 | 114.61 | 111.72 | 113.69 | 116.67 | 117.38 | 116.96 | 116.36 | 111.83 | 113.10 | .. |
Production-based CO2 emissions | Tonnes, Millions | | 259.52 | 261.02 | 265.04 | 268.96 | 274.91 | 285.31 | 295.22 | 303.09 | 322.71 | 328.80 | 334.64 | 340.98 | 348.96 | 348.32 | 361.70 | 364.24 | 369.50 | 379.71 | 383.00 | 389.26 | 391.82 | 389.85 | 390.46 | 383.54 | 373.87 | 380.45 | 390.42 | 392.82 | 391.41 | 389.40 | 374.23 | 378.48 | .. |
Demand-based CO2 productivity, GDP per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | US dollars per kilogram, 2015 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.15 | 2.19 | 2.18 | 2.11 | 2.21 | 2.23 | 2.34 | 2.28 | 2.30 | 2.19 | 2.12 | 2.16 | 2.19 | 2.22 | 2.23 | 2.26 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.39 | 2.65 | 2.70 | 2.78 | 2.89 | 2.93 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 productivity, disposable income per unit of energy-related CO2 emissions | US dollars per kilogram, 2015 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.72 | 1.76 | 1.75 | 1.70 | 1.79 | 1.79 | 1.89 | 1.84 | 1.87 | 1.75 | 1.69 | 1.71 | 1.74 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.80 | 1.87 | 1.87 | 1.92 | 2.13 | 2.15 | 2.21 | 2.29 | 2.32 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 intensity, energy-related CO2 per capita | Tonnes | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 15.44 | 15.58 | 16.19 | 17.32 | 17.01 | 17.04 | 16.69 | 17.46 | 17.77 | 19.11 | 20.01 | 20.14 | 20.16 | 19.86 | 19.77 | 19.69 | 19.70 | 19.88 | 19.36 | 17.58 | 17.47 | 17.12 | 16.64 | 16.53 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 emissions, index 2000=100 | | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 85.74 | 87.55 | 91.98 | 99.41 | 98.66 | 100.00 | 99.19 | 104.95 | 108.08 | 117.49 | 124.50 | 127.03 | 129.52 | 130.16 | 132.26 | 133.80 | 135.75 | 139.36 | 138.12 | 127.26 | 128.29 | 127.68 | 126.22 | 127.32 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Demand-based CO2 emissions | Tonnes, Millions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 278.03 | 283.90 | 298.26 | 322.34 | 319.91 | 324.26 | 321.65 | 340.30 | 350.47 | 380.96 | 403.72 | 411.91 | 419.98 | 422.07 | 428.87 | 433.85 | 440.19 | 451.88 | 447.87 | 412.64 | 416.01 | 414.03 | 409.29 | 412.86 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
CO2 emissions from air transport per capita | Tonnes | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 688.77 | 673.61 | 678.37 | 688.00 | 686.95 | 679.25 | 665.90 | 257.29 | 237.98 | 446.55 |
CO2 emissions from air transport per unit of GDP | Kilograms, 2015 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.86 | 14.44 | 14.36 | 14.47 | 14.28 | 14.03 | 13.97 | 5.35 | 4.78 | .. |
Energy productivity | Energy productivity, GDP per unit of TPES | US Dollar, 2015 | | 5 913.83 | 6 009.90 | 6 139.26 | 6 069.31 | 6 298.21 | 6 455.07 | 6 270.72 | 6 409.50 | 6 556.48 | 6 666.82 | 6 682.12 | 7 103.95 | 7 076.73 | 7 289.55 | 7 391.36 | 7 538.91 | 7 528.19 | 7 588.87 | 7 449.28 | 7 602.76 | 7 765.53 | 8 022.23 | 8 320.40 | 8 413.56 | 8 637.58 | 8 885.11 | 9 115.39 | 9 255.39 | 9 393.49 | 9 348.84 | 9 432.71 | 9 858.32 | .. |
Energy intensity, TPES per capita | Tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) | | 5.05 | 4.93 | 4.96 | 5.17 | 5.13 | 5.14 | 5.43 | 5.50 | 5.58 | 5.64 | 5.68 | 5.49 | 5.61 | 5.62 | 5.65 | 5.62 | 5.77 | 5.82 | 5.92 | 5.81 | 5.73 | 5.68 | 5.52 | 5.51 | 5.40 | 5.32 | 5.22 | 5.20 | 5.15 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 5.05 | .. |
Total primary energy supply, index 2000=100 | Index, 2000=100 | | 79.68 | 78.74 | 80.20 | 84.36 | 84.45 | 85.58 | 91.54 | 93.69 | 96.13 | 98.22 | 100.00 | 97.82 | 101.25 | 102.44 | 104.21 | 104.97 | 109.10 | 112.08 | 116.32 | 116.49 | 116.77 | 117.45 | 116.16 | 117.83 | 117.25 | 117.10 | 116.74 | 118.29 | 119.08 | 119.59 | 121.18 | 120.14 | .. |
Total primary energy supply | Tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), Millions | | 86.14 | 85.12 | 86.70 | 91.19 | 91.30 | 92.51 | 98.96 | 101.28 | 103.92 | 106.19 | 108.11 | 105.75 | 109.46 | 110.74 | 112.66 | 113.48 | 117.94 | 121.17 | 125.75 | 125.93 | 126.24 | 126.97 | 125.58 | 127.39 | 126.76 | 126.59 | 126.21 | 127.88 | 128.74 | 129.29 | 131.00 | 129.88 | .. |
Renewable energy supply, % total energy supply | Percentage | | 5.89 | 6.10 | 5.45 | 6.01 | 5.90 | 5.98 | 6.17 | 6.32 | 5.95 | 5.90 | 5.88 | 6.13 | 6.17 | 5.98 | 5.80 | 5.69 | 5.64 | 5.67 | 5.61 | 4.43 | 5.29 | 5.45 | 5.49 | 6.01 | 6.25 | 6.32 | 6.56 | 6.96 | 7.04 | 7.28 | 7.56 | 8.35 | .. |
Renewable electricity, % total electricity generation | Percentage | | 9.66 | 10.60 | 10.07 | 10.55 | 10.19 | 9.62 | 9.23 | 9.59 | 8.43 | 8.54 | 8.38 | 8.10 | 7.86 | 8.44 | 8.19 | 8.80 | 9.30 | 8.65 | 8.12 | 7.50 | 8.60 | 10.36 | 10.49 | 13.12 | 14.60 | 13.30 | 14.50 | 15.60 | 17.03 | 19.59 | 22.49 | 26.54 | .. |
Energy consumption in agriculture, % total energy consumption | Percentage | | 2.30 | 2.35 | 2.36 | 2.33 | 2.36 | 2.33 | 2.27 | 2.30 | 2.31 | 2.33 | 2.31 | 2.30 | 2.55 | 3.14 | 3.07 | 3.20 | 2.98 | 2.86 | 2.84 | 2.83 | 2.87 | 2.74 | 2.76 | 2.75 | 2.75 | 2.92 | 2.95 | 3.17 | 3.15 | 2.67 | 2.45 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in services, % total energy consumption | Percentage | | 6.14 | 6.43 | 6.52 | 6.46 | 6.45 | 6.66 | 6.86 | 6.92 | 7.14 | 7.24 | 7.24 | 7.16 | 8.07 | 8.59 | 8.58 | 8.63 | 8.68 | 8.87 | 8.85 | 9.20 | 9.12 | 8.97 | 8.86 | 8.99 | 9.16 | 9.67 | 9.52 | 9.67 | 9.64 | 9.73 | 9.86 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in industry, % total energy consumption | Percentage | | 34.10 | 34.22 | 33.49 | 33.56 | 34.25 | 33.81 | 33.78 | 34.11 | 34.25 | 34.24 | 34.19 | 34.77 | 33.39 | 31.12 | 31.01 | 30.83 | 30.42 | 30.40 | 30.44 | 29.97 | 29.56 | 29.48 | 29.48 | 29.28 | 29.01 | 27.73 | 28.13 | 27.91 | 27.84 | 27.84 | 28.39 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in transport, % total energy consumption | Percentage | | 37.26 | 36.73 | 37.34 | 36.67 | 36.82 | 37.06 | 37.25 | 37.13 | 36.62 | 36.77 | 36.87 | 36.22 | 37.29 | 37.05 | 37.46 | 37.58 | 38.26 | 38.22 | 38.45 | 38.49 | 39.22 | 38.99 | 38.72 | 38.81 | 38.78 | 39.97 | 39.79 | 40.09 | 40.30 | 40.67 | 39.13 | .. | .. |
Energy consumption in other sectors, % total energy consumption | Percentage | | 20.20 | 20.27 | 20.30 | 20.99 | 20.12 | 20.14 | 19.84 | 19.55 | 19.67 | 19.42 | 19.38 | 19.55 | 18.70 | 20.10 | 19.89 | 19.76 | 19.66 | 19.65 | 19.42 | 19.50 | 19.24 | 19.81 | 20.18 | 20.16 | 20.30 | 19.71 | 19.61 | 19.16 | 19.07 | 19.09 | 20.17 | .. | .. |
Renewable energy supply (excluding solid biofuels), % total energy supply | | | 1.51 | 1.69 | 1.61 | 1.65 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.57 | 1.46 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.66 | 1.60 | 1.61 | 1.55 | 1.46 | 1.55 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.64 | 1.87 | 2.29 | 2.29 | 2.69 | 2.97 | 2.82 | 3.02 | 3.12 | 3.43 | 3.93 | 4.41 | 5.19 | .. |
Non-energy material productivity | Non-energy material productivity, GDP per unit of DMC | US dollars per kilogram, 2015 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Biomass, % of DMC | Percentage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Non-metallic minerals, % of DMC | Percentage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Metals, % of DMC | Percentage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .. | .. | .. |
Municipal waste generated, kg per capita | Kilograms per capita | | .. | .. | 689.57 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 695.05 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 616.06 | 613.93 | 613.46 | 612.08 | 597.77 | 592.58 | 588.89 | 584.38 | 583.48 | 536.60 | 512.73 | 507.73 | 498.82 | .. | .. | .. |
Municipal waste recycled or composted, % treated waste | Percentage | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 30.34 | .. | .. | .. | 40.26 | 40.80 | 42.63 | 43.31 | 46.05 | 46.78 | 48.09 | 49.53 | 49.78 | 46.79 | 43.05 | 44.27 | 44.41 | .. | .. | .. |
Municipal waste disposed to landfills, % treated waste | Percentage | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 69.66 | .. | .. | .. | 58.58 | 58.06 | 56.26 | 55.59 | 52.84 | 52.22 | 51.03 | 49.71 | 49.32 | 52.16 | 56.62 | 55.45 | 55.03 | .. | .. | .. |
Nitrogen balance per hectare | Kilograms | | 20.43 | 21.03 | 20.05 | 20.19 | 20.86 | 19.46 | 20.47 | 20.91 | 20.71 | 20.61 | 20.74 | 20.22 | 21.38 | 15.94 | 16.19 | 15.34 | 16.37 | 16.85 | 15.97 | 16.09 | 16.54 | 17.13 | 18.67 | 18.39 | 19.17 | 19.78 | 18.43 | 19.45 | 19.70 | 19.37 | .. | .. | .. |
Phosphorus balance per hectare | Kilograms | | 1.41 | 1.44 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.38 | 1.20 | 1.37 | 1.44 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.46 | 1.40 | 1.45 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.59 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.87 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.94 | .. | .. | .. |
Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity | Environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth | Percentage points | | .. | 0.40 | 3.40 | 2.46 | 1.54 | 2.04 | 2.99 | 2.85 | 3.48 | 1.84 | 0.96 | 3.16 | 1.39 | 2.70 | 1.30 | 1.16 | 1.64 | 1.32 | 0.30 | 0.99 | 0.34 | 2.01 | 1.50 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Contribution of natural capital | Percentage points | | .. | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.03 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.40 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Adjustment for pollution abatement | Percentage points | | .. | -0.02 | -0.18 | -0.15 | -0.13 | -0.45 | -0.12 | -0.35 | -0.40 | -0.13 | -0.15 | -0.24 | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.28 | -0.07 | -0.13 | -0.22 | -0.11 | 0.05 | -0.01 | 0.12 | -0.03 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |