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Education and Training
Education at a Glance
Educational attainment and outcomes
Adult education and learning
Adult education and learning
Participation in non-formal education and training - 4-week reference period
Participation in formal and/or non-formal education and training - 12-month reference period
Enrolment rate in formal education
Intensity of participation (number of hours)
Annual training costs
Willingness to participate in formal and/or non-formal education
Barriers to participation in adult learning
Distribution of fields of study selected among non-formal education participants
Percentage of employed adults participating in adult education and training
Enterprises providing training
Participation in adult learning by gender (12-month reference period)
Distribution of unemployed adults by duration of unemployment and educational attainment
Education and labour market outcomes by field of study
Fields of study among tertiary-educated adults, by age group
Employment, unemployment and inactivity rates, by field of study
Percentage of young adults not in education and unemployed by duration of unemployment
Education and earnings
Relative earnings, by educational attainment
Differences in earnings between female and male workers, by educational attainment
Level of earnings relative to median earnings, by educational attainment
Percentage of 15-29 year-olds with income from employment among all 15-29 year-olds, by student status
Percentage of full-time, full-year earners, part-time earners and people with no earnings, by educational attainment
Relative earnings of students with income from employment, by educational attainment
Trends in relative earnings, by educational attainment
Trends in the differences in earnings between female and male workers, by educational attainment
Trends in the percentage of full-time, full-year earners, part-time earners and people with no earnings, by educational attainment
Earnings by field of study
Education and labour market outcomes of native- and foreign-born adults
Percentage of native- and foreign-born adults, by age at arrival in the countries
Differences in earnings between native- and foreign-born workers, by educational attainment and age at arrival in the country
Educational attainment of native- and foreign-born adults, by age at arrival in the country
Employment, unemployment and inactivity rate of native- and foreign-born adults, by educational attainment and age at arrival in the country
Percentage of native- and foreign-born full-time, full-year earners, part-time earners and people with no earnings, by educational attainment and age at arrival in the country
Percentage of native- and foreign-born young adults in education/not in education, by work status and age at arrival in the country
Educational attainment and labour-force status
Educational attainment of 25-64 year-olds
Educational attainment of 25-64 year-olds, by programme orientation
Employment, unemployment and inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment
Employment, unemployment and inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds, by programme orientation
Trends in educational attainment, by educational attainment and age group
Trends in employment, unemployment and inactivity rates, by educational attainment and age group
Transition from school to work
Percentage of young adults in education/not in education, by work status, age group and gender
Percentage of 15-29 year-olds in education/not in education, by educational attainment, work status and gender
Trends in the percentage of young adults in education/not in education, by educational attainment, work status and gender
Trends in the percentage of young adults in education/not in education, by work status, age group and gender
Educational attainment and labour market outcomes by skills
Share of population by proficiency level and educational attainment
Earnings, by educational attainment and proficiency level (in USD)
Educational attainment and literacy scores, by occupation
Fields of education and labour market outcomes
Frequency of use of ICT at work, by educational attainment
Labour market status, by educational attainment and proficiency level
NEETs, by literacy proficiency level and mean score
Proficiency, use and need of ICT at work, by main industry
Intergenerational mobility in education
Educational attainment of adults, by age group, parents' educational attainment and gender
Tertiary attainment of adults, by age group and parents' educational attainment
Intergenerational mobility in education, by parents' educational attainment and immigrant status
Education and social outcomes
Percentage of adults working from home, by age group and educational attainment
Internet use, by age group and educational attainment
Trends in the use of the Internet for different activities among 55-74 year-olds, by educational attainment
Students’ attitudes and dispositions, by mother's educational attainment
Health status
Social connections
Civic engagement and governance
Environment
Work-life balance
Students, access to education and participation
Distribution of graduates and new entrants by field
Share of new entrants for each field of education by gender
Share of tertiary graduates by field of education and gender
Distribution of graduates and new entrants by field
Distribution of new entrants by field of education at each ISCED level
Distribution of new entrants by field of education at each ISCED level
Distribution of new entrants into each field of education and ISCED level by gender
Share of graduates by field
Share of graduates by field
Share of graduates by gender in fields of education
Share of graduates by gender in fields of education
Share of mobile graduates by field
Enrolment by age
Enrolment by age
Enrolment by age group
Enrolment by field
Enrolment by gender, programme orientation, mode of study and type of institution
Enrolment by gender, programme orientation, mode of study and type of institution
Distribution of full- and part-time students
Distribution of students by programme completion and access to tertiary education
Repeaters
Share of part-time students, by age
Share of students above typical age
Share of vocational students in combined school- and work-based programmes
Share of vocational students in combined school- and work-based programmes among
Students' distribution by type of institution
Enrolment by type of institution
Enrolment of international students by country of origin
International students by country of origin
International student matrix by country of origin and country of destination
Enrolment rates by age
Enrolment rates by age group
Early childhood education and care enrolment
Enrolment rate by age
Graduates by age
Graduates by field
Graduates by type of institution
Graduation and entry rates
International graduates by country of origin
International student mobility
Distribution of mobile students by country of origin
Mobile student matrix by country of origin
Mobile student matrix by country of destination
Other indicators of international student mobility
Share of mobile students from neighbouring countries
New entrants by age
New entrants by field
Population data
Profile of graduates and new entrants
Share of mobile entrants
Mean age of graduation
Share of first time entrants below typical age
Share of first time graduates
Share of first-time tertiary new entrants by level of education
Share of graduates below typical age
Share of graduates by gender
Share of graduates by programme orientation
Share of graduates by type of institution
Share of mobile graduates
Share of new entrants by gender
Share of first time among tertiary entrants
Share of graduates by gender
Share of graduates by ISCED category
Share of new entrants below the typical age
Share of new entrants by gender
Share of first time among tertiary graduates
Share of international new entrants
Share of international students and all students by field
Share of international students and all students by field
Distribution of all students by field
Distribution of international students by field
Distribution of national students by field
Share of international students among all students
Share of women among international students
Share of international students among all students
Financial resources invested in education
Educational expenditure by Nature
Educational expenditure by Source and destination
Educational Finance Indicators
C1.1: Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student
C1.2: Public and total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student, by type of institution
C1.3: Average annual growth in total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student (2012 to selected year)
C1.4: Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student for core educational services, ancillary services and R&D
C1.5: Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student relative to GDP per capita
C1.6: Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student, by source of funds
C1.7: Cumulative expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student between the age of 6 and 15
C2.1: Total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP
C2.2: Change in total expenditure on educational institutions and change in GDP (2008, 2009, 2011 and 2019)
C2.3a: Total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by source of INITIAL funds
C2.3b: Total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by source of FINAL funds
C2.4: Change in public expenditure on educational institutions and change in GDP (2008, 2009, 2011 and 2019)
C3.1: Relative share of public, private and international expenditure on educational institutions, by final source of funds
C3.2: Relative share of public, private and international expenditure on educational institutions, by initial source of funds and public-to-private transfers
C3.3: Trends in the share of public, private and international expenditure on educational institutions, final source of funds (2011, 2015 and 2019)
C4.1: Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of Total Government Expenditure
C4.2: Distribution of sources of total public funds devoted to education by level of government, initial and final
C4.3: Index of change in total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure (2012 and 2019)
C6.1: Share of Current and Capital Expenditure, by education level
C6.2: Current expenditure, by resource category (%)
C6.3: Share of current expenditure, by resource category and type of institution
C6.4: Allocation of staff compensation, Capital and R&D expenditure between public and private educational institutions
C6.5: Average annual growth rate of current and R&D expenditure per full-time equivalent student, by type of institution (%) (2012-2019)
Enrolment data adjusted to the financial year
Reference Statistics for Finance Indicators
GDP
Adjusted GDP
GDP per capita - current prices
GDP - Constant prices (2015)
GDP per capita - current prices and current PPP
Total Government Expenditure
Total Government Expenditure as a share of GDP
Total Government Expenditure - Constant prices (2015)
Deflator
PPP conversion factor (US Dollar)
Population (000)
Teachers and the learning environment
Distribution of teachers by age and gender
Distribution of teachers by age and gender
Distribution of teachers by age and gender -ECEC
Age distribution of teachers
Gender distribution of teachers
Educational personnel by age
Educational personnel by type of institution, management personnel and teacher aides
Student-teacher ratio and average class size
Student-teacher ratio and average class size
Share of teacher aides among contact staff
Share of teacher aides among contact staff - ECEC
Student-teacher ratio and average class size - ECEC
Students' instruction time in compulsory education
Instruction time in compulsory general education
Instruction time per subject by level of education
Instruction time per subject by age
Trends in instruction time in compulsory primary and lower secondary general education
Trends in organisation of compulsory primary and lower secondary general education
Organisation of compulsory general education
Teachers' and school heads' statutory salaries
Teachers' statutory salaries at different points in teachers' careers
Comparison of teachers' statutory salaries
Teachers' statutory salaries relative to wages of tertiary-educated workers
Trends in teachers’ salaries, based on level of qualifications, between 2000 and 2020
School heads' statutory salaries
School heads' statutory salaries relative to wages of tertiary-educated workers
Teachers' and school heads' actual salaries
Teachers' actual salaries, by age group and by gender
Trends in teachers’ actual salaries, between 2000 and 2020
School heads' actual salaries, by age group and gender
Teachers' and school heads' actual salaries relative to earnings of tertiary-educated workers
Teachers' and school heads' actual salaries relative to earnings of tertiary-educated workers, by age group and by gender
Teachers' and school heads' teaching and working time
Teachers' teaching and working time
Trends in teachers' statutory annual teaching time
Teachers' actual teaching time
School heads' working time
Archive database (ISCED 1997 data: 2000-2012)
Educational personnel
Expenditure by funding source and transaction type
Expenditure by nature and resource category
Foreign / international students enrolled
Foreign / international students enrolled
International students enrolled/ latest year
Graduates by age
Graduates by field of education
New entrants by sex and age
Students aligned to finance and personnel data
Students enrolled by age
Students enrolled by type of institution
Total population by sex and age
The output of educational institutions and the impact of learning (Chapter A)
Financial and human resources invested in education
Access to education, participation and progression (Chapter C)
The learning environment and organisation of schools (Chapter D)
Subnational data
Financial resources invested in education at sub-national level
Instruction time in compulsory education
Instruction time in compulsory general education (subnational data)
Organisation of compulsory general education (subnational data)
Average actual salaries of teachers and school heads (subnational data)
Statutory salaries of teachers (subnational data)
Teachers' teaching and working time (subnational data)
Regional Education
Educational attainment of the population, by age group
Employment rate, by level of educational attainment and age group
Participation in formal and/or non-formal education and learning
Early leavers from education and NEET
Enrolment rate by age
Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)
TALIS Indicators
TALIS Indicators
Who the teachers are
Who the principals are
Teachers' practices
Principals' practices
Teachers' initial and induction training
Principals' formal training
Teachers' professional development
Principals' professional development
Teachers' self-efficacy
Teachers' engagement and motivation
School climate
Classroom management
ICT for teaching
Teaching in multicultural settings
Teaching students with special needs
Teachers' satisfaction with their jobs
Principals' satisfaction with their jobs
Teachers’ working conditions, mobility and risk of attrition
Autonomy, collegiality and collaboration
Teacher appraisal and feedback
Measuring Innovation in Education
Part 1 - Comparing innovation in education with other sectors
Part 1 - Comparing innovation in education with other sectors
Data by level of education
Part 2 - Innovation as change in classrooms and schools
Part 2 - Innovation as change in classrooms and schools
Indicators of innovation as change in classrooms
Indicators of innovation as change in schools
Composite indices of innovation in classrooms and schools
TiVA 2021: Principal Indicators
Economic Outlook
Gross domestic product (annual)
Gross domestic product (quarterly)
Composite Leading Indicators
Consumer price indices - inflation
Health Status
Labour Market Statistics
Monthly Monetary and Financial Statistics (MEI)
Agricultural Outlook
Bilateral Trade by Industry and End-use (ISIC4)
Statistics from A to Z
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Educational attainment and labour-force status
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INDICATOR
Share of population by educational attainment
Reference year
Latest available year
Age
25-64 years
Gender
Total
Women
Men
Field
Total
ISCED 2011 A education level
Below upper secondary education
Below upper secondary education
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary education
Tertiary education
Less than primary education
Primary education
Completion of intermediate lower secondary programmes
Lower secondary education
Completion of intermediate upper secondary programmes
Upper secondary education
Post-secondary non-tertiary education
Short-cycle tertiary education
Bachelor’s or equivalent education
Master’s or equivalent education
Doctoral or equivalent education
Measure
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Value
SE
Country
Unit
Australia
Percentage, 2021
15.5
0.2
0.3
0.0
3.6
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
11.6
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
34.8
0.3
29.0
0.3
5.8
0.1
49.8
0.3
11.2
0.2
28.1
0.3
8.8
0.2
1.6
0.1
Austria
Percentage, 2021
14.1
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
1.1
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
12.9
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
51.3
0.2
48.5
0.2
2.9
0.1
34.6
0.2
15.0
0.1
4.9
0.1
13.6
0.1
1.1
0.0
Belgium
Percentage, 2021
18.5
0.1
2.5
0.1
3.9
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
12.1
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
36.7
0.2
34.9
0.2
1.8
0.0
44.9
0.2
0.8
0.0
24.2
0.2
19.0
0.1
0.9
0.0
Canada
Percentage, 2021
6.9
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
1.7
..
(
z
)
..
..
5.2
..
(
z
)
..
..
31.1
..
21.3
..
9.8
..
62.0
..
26.4
..
24.2
..
(
w
)
11.4
..
(
x
)
..
..
Chile
Percentage, 2020
28.0
0.1
5.7
0.1
3.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
18.6
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
40.5
0.2
40.5
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
31.4
0.1
10.3
0.1
18.9
0.1
(
w
)
2.2
0.0
(
x
)
..
..
Colombia
Percentage, 2021
39.8
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
z
)
..
..
(
w
)
33.1
0.1
4.8
0.0
35.0
0.1
(
w
)
31.2
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
25.2
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
22.5
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
Costa Rica
Percentage, 2021
57.4
0.5
11.0
0.3
27.1
0.4
8.1
0.3
8.1
0.3
3.0
0.2
18.0
0.4
17.8
0.4
0.2
0.0
24.6
0.4
6.8
0.2
14.9
0.3
2.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
Czech Republic
Percentage, 2021
5.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
5.4
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
67.9
0.1
(
w
)
67.9
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
26.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
6.6
0.1
19.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
Denmark
Percentage, 2021
17.9
0.2
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
1.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
16.1
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
40.2
0.2
39.9
0.2
0.3
0.0
41.9
0.2
4.9
0.1
20.9
0.2
14.7
0.2
1.4
0.1
Estonia
Percentage, 2021
10.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
9.9
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
48.3
0.4
38.9
0.4
9.4
0.2
41.2
0.4
5.8
0.2
14.1
0.3
20.6
0.3
0.8
0.1
Finland
Percentage, 2021
11.1
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
1.6
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
9.5
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
46.6
0.2
45.1
0.2
1.5
0.1
42.3
0.2
8.0
0.1
17.5
0.2
15.6
0.2
1.3
0.0
France
Percentage, 2021
17.8
0.1
1.8
0.0
3.1
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
12.9
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
41.5
0.1
41.4
0.1
0.2
0.0
40.7
0.1
14.4
0.1
11.6
0.1
13.7
0.1
1.0
0.0
Germany
Percentage, 2021
14.7
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
4.4
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
10.3
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
54.2
0.1
40.9
0.1
13.3
0.0
31.1
0.1
0.6
0.0
17.5
0.1
11.3
0.0
1.7
0.0
Greece
Percentage, 2021
21.8
0.1
0.6
0.0
10.5
0.1
(
m
)
..
..
9.2
0.1
1.6
0.0
43.6
0.2
34.2
0.2
9.5
0.1
34.6
0.2
0.6
0.0
25.2
0.2
8.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
Hungary
Percentage, 2021
13.7
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
12.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
57.0
0.1
50.5
0.1
6.5
0.1
29.3
0.1
1.1
0.0
14.0
0.1
13.6
0.1
0.6
0.0
Iceland
Percentage, 2021
21.4
0.4
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
0.2
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
21.3
0.4
(
z
)
..
..
35.5
0.5
28.6
0.5
6.9
0.3
43.1
0.5
4.1
0.2
21.8
0.4
16.0
0.4
1.2
0.1
Ireland
Percentage, 2021
12.8
0.1
0.2
0.0
3.5
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
9.1
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
33.5
0.2
18.2
0.2
15.3
0.2
53.7
0.2
9.0
0.1
29.0
0.2
14.3
0.2
1.5
0.1
Israel
Percentage, 2021
12.1
0.1
2.7
0.0
3.2
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
6.1
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
38.3
0.1
38.3
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
49.7
0.1
11.0
0.1
24.3
0.1
13.2
0.1
1.2
0.0
Italy
Percentage, 2021
37.3
0.1
0.7
0.0
4.5
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
32.0
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
42.7
0.1
41.0
0.1
1.7
0.0
20.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
5.2
0.0
14.1
0.1
0.6
0.0
Japan
Percentage, 2021
(
m
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
z
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
z
)
..
..
(
m
)
..
..
(
w
)
44.4
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
55.6
..
(
w
)
21.4
..
(
w
)
34.2
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
Korea
Percentage, 2021
9.7
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
3.2
..
(
z
)
..
..
6.5
..
(
z
)
..
..
38.6
..
38.6
..
(
z
)
..
..
51.7
..
14.3
..
33.0
..
(
w
)
4.4
..
(
x
)
..
..
Latvia
Percentage, 2021
10.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
7.4
0.2
2.8
0.1
50.4
0.3
37.0
0.3
13.4
0.2
39.0
0.3
4.1
0.1
16.0
0.3
18.6
0.3
0.3
0.0
Lithuania
Percentage, 2021
6.7
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.1
1.6
0.1
47.9
0.3
28.8
0.3
19.1
0.2
45.3
0.3
(
z
)
..
..
30.0
0.3
14.6
0.2
0.8
0.1
Luxembourg
Percentage, 2021
19.7
0.5
2.0
0.2
6.4
0.3
(
z
)
..
..
11.3
0.4
(
z
)
..
..
30.0
0.6
28.0
0.6
2.0
0.2
50.3
0.6
4.0
0.2
15.1
0.4
28.9
0.6
2.3
0.2
Mexico
Percentage, 2021
57.2
0.1
9.9
0.1
14.8
0.1
2.0
0.0
27.0
0.1
3.5
0.0
22.4
0.1
22.4
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
20.5
0.1
0.6
0.0
18.0
0.1
1.8
0.0
0.1
0.0
Netherlands
Percentage, 2021
19.4
0.1
2.0
0.0
4.1
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
13.4
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
37.5
0.2
37.2
0.2
0.3
0.0
43.1
0.2
2.3
0.1
23.6
0.1
16.1
0.1
1.1
0.0
New Zealand
Percentage, 2021
19.4
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
x
)
..
..
(
z
)
..
..
(
w
)
19.4
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
40.1
0.2
25.4
0.2
14.7
0.1
40.5
0.2
4.5
0.1
29.3
0.2
5.6
0.1
1.1
0.0
Norway
Percentage, 2021
17.6
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
16.4
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
35.2
0.2
33.7
0.2
1.6
0.1
47.2
0.2
11.3
0.1
21.1
0.2
13.3
0.2
1.4
0.1
Poland
Percentage, 2021
6.8
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
5.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
60.0
0.1
56.6
0.1
3.3
0.0
33.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
7.5
0.1
24.9
0.1
0.7
0.0
Portugal
Percentage, 2021
40.5
0.2
1.1
0.0
20.7
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
18.7
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
28.4
0.2
27.4
0.2
1.0
0.0
31.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
8.8
0.1
21.2
0.2
0.9
0.0
Slovak Republic
Percentage, 2021
6.8
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
5.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
65.3
0.5
63.3
0.5
2.0
0.1
27.9
0.4
0.2
0.0
3.7
0.2
23.2
0.4
0.9
0.1
Slovenia
Percentage, 2021
8.7
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
8.2
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
51.0
0.3
51.0
0.3
(
z
)
..
..
40.3
0.3
8.2
0.1
9.1
0.1
17.6
0.2
5.4
0.1
Spain
Percentage, 2021
36.1
0.1
2.0
0.0
5.3
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
28.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
23.2
0.1
23.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
40.7
0.1
12.4
0.1
11.1
0.1
16.3
0.1
0.9
0.0
Sweden
Percentage, 2021
15.1
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
2.5
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
9.9
0.1
2.7
0.1
38.2
0.2
30.4
0.2
7.8
0.1
46.6
0.2
9.6
0.1
19.4
0.2
15.7
0.1
1.9
0.1
Switzerland
Percentage, 2021
12.6
0.1
0.4
0.0
1.5
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
10.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
42.4
0.2
(
w
)
42.4
0.2
(
x
)
..
..
45.0
0.2
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
24.0
0.1
(
w
)
17.9
0.1
(
w
)
3.0
0.1
Türkiye
Percentage, 2021
55.1
..
4.6
..
34.6
..
(
z
)
..
..
16.0
..
(
z
)
..
..
20.4
..
20.4
..
(
z
)
..
..
24.5
..
6.6
..
15.7
..
1.7
..
0.5
..
United Kingdom
Percentage, 2021
18.3
0.2
(
c
)
..
..
0.2
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
18.1
0.2
11.6
0.2
31.6
0.2
20.0
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
50.1
0.2
8.8
0.1
26.4
0.2
13.3
0.2
1.6
0.1
United States
Percentage, 2021
8.3
0.1
0.8
0.0
2.3
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
5.2
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
41.4
0.2
(
w
)
41.4
0.2
(
x
)
..
..
50.3
0.2
10.8
0.1
25.1
0.2
12.4
0.1
2.0
0.0
OECD - Average
20.1
..
1.9
..
5.0
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
13.2
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
40.6
..
36.3
..
5.8
..
39.7
..
7.1
..
18.9
..
13.9
..
1.3
..
European Union 22 members in OECD
16.6
..
0.9
..
3.5
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
12.1
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
45.2
..
40.2
..
5.6
..
38.1
..
4.8
..
15.2
..
17.0
..
1.2
..
G20
33.6
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
9.7
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
16.3
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
33.3
..
30.4
..
(
m
)
..
(
m
)
..
34.4
..
10.7
(
m
)
..
17.4
..
8.6
(
m
)
..
1.2
(
m
)
..
Non-OECD Economies
Argentina
Percentage, 2021
33.5
0.2
3.3
0.1
14.3
0.1
(
m
)
..
..
15.8
0.1
(
m
)
..
..
41.8
0.2
41.8
0.2
(
z
)
..
..
24.8
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
23.4
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
1.4
0.0
Brazil
Percentage, 2021
41.6
0.1
10.7
0.1
17.2
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
13.7
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
37.7
0.1
37.7
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
20.7
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
19.6
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
China (People's Republic of)
Percentage, 2020
63.4
..
1.7
..
17.2
..
(
z
)
..
..
44.5
..
(
z
)
..
..
18.1
..
17.6
..
0.5
..
18.5
..
9.7
..
7.8
..
(
w
)
1.1
..
(
x
)
..
..
India
Percentage, 2020
77.6
0.1
35.4
0.1
12.4
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
29.9
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
9.4
0.1
8.2
0.1
1.2
0.0
12.9
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
(
w
)
9.3
0.1
(
x
)
..
..
3.7
0.0
Indonesia
Percentage, 2021
57.0
0.1
11.2
0.0
27.1
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
18.7
0.0
(
z
)
..
..
29.8
0.1
29.8
0.1
(
z
)
..
..
13.2
0.0
2.8
0.0
5.0
0.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
South Africa
Percentage, 2020
52.3
0.2
9.6
0.1
(
w
)
4.2
0.1
5.0
0.1
5.9
0.1
27.7
0.1
31.8
0.2
31.8
0.2
(
m
)
..
..
15.8
0.1
7.9
0.1
7.0
0.1
(
w
)
0.9
0.0
(
x
)
..
..
Legend:
c
Data below the publication limit
m
Missing data
w
Includes data from another category
x
Data included in another category
z
Not applicable
Data extracted on 26 Mar 2023 23:35 UTC (GMT) from
OECD.Stat
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