Population and migration | Population | Total population | Population levels | | 20 394.79 | 20 697.88 | 21 015.04 | 21 499.00 | 21 955.00 | 22 297.52 | 22 618.29 |
Population growth rates | | 1.33 | 1.49 | 1.53 | 2.30 | 2.12 | 1.56 | 1.44 |
Working Age Population | | 67.34 | 67.42 | 67.51 | 67.62 | 67.66 | 67.60 | 67.44 |
Fertitlity | Total fertility rates | | 1.79 | 1.82 | 1.92 | 1.96 | 1.90 | 1.89 | .. |
Dependent population | Youth population (under the age of 15) | | 19.72 | 19.57 | 19.39 | 19.21 | 19.08 | 18.92 | 18.84 |
Elderly population (age 65 and over) | | 12.93 | 13.01 | 13.16 | 13.17 | 13.28 | 13.48 | 13.72 |
Population by region | Share of national population in the ten per cent of regions with the largest population | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 63.80 | .. |
Distribution of the national population into urban regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 57.26 | .. |
Distribution of the national population into intermediate regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 20.97 | .. |
Distribution of the national population into rural regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 21.77 | .. |
Distribution of the national area into urban regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.39 | .. |
Distribution of the national area into intermediate regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.21 | .. |
Distribution of the national area into rural regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 85.40 | .. |
Elderly population by region | Elderly population | | .. | .. | .. | 12.70 | .. | .. | .. |
Elderly dependency rate in urban regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 18.01 | .. |
Elderly dependency rate | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 19.57 | .. |
Elderly dependency rate in rural regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.85 | .. |
International migration | Immigrant and foreign population | Foreign-born population | | 24.20 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.80 | .. |
Trends in migration | Permanent inflows by category of entry: work | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.26 | .. |
Permanent inflows by category of entry: free movements | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 11.70 | .. |
Permanent inflows by category of entry: accompanying family of workers | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 29.59 | .. |
Permanent inflows by category of entry: family | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 28.45 | .. |
Permanent inflows by category of entry: humanitarian | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.96 | .. |
Permanent inflows by category of entry: Other | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.04 | .. |
Migration and employment | Employment rates of native-born population by educational attainment: low | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 57.60 |
Employment rates of native-born population by educational attainment: High | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 86.08 |
Employment rates of native-born population by educational attainment: Total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 74.19 |
Employment rates of foreign-born population by educational attainment: Low | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 53.25 |
Employment rates of foreign-born population by educational attainment: High | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 78.64 |
Employment rates of foreign-born population by educational attainment: Total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 68.73 |
Migration and unemployment | Unemployment rates of native-born populations: Men | | .. | .. | 4.00 | .. | .. | .. | 5.20 |
Unemployment rates of foreign-born populations: Men | | .. | .. | 4.60 | .. | .. | .. | 4.60 |
Unemployment rates of native-born populations: Women | | .. | .. | 4.30 | .. | .. | .. | 5.20 |
Unemployment rates of foreign-born populations: Women | | .. | .. | 5.50 | .. | .. | .. | 6.00 |
Unemployment rates of native-born populations: Total | | .. | .. | 4.30 | .. | .. | .. | 5.20 |
Unemployment rates of foreign-born populations: Total | | .. | .. | 4.90 | .. | .. | .. | 5.20 |
Production and productivity | Production and Investment | Size of GDP | GDP per capita: US dollars, current prices and PPPs | | 34 881.92 | 36 814.07 | 38 744.47 | 38 964.37 | 39 904.36 | 40 790.00 | .. |
Evolution of GDP | Real GDP growth | | 3.04 | 3.78 | 3.77 | 1.37 | 2.33 | 2.06 | 1.82 |
GDP by region | Range in regional GDP per capita: maximum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 126.00 | .. | .. |
Range in regional GDP per capita: minimum | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 87.00 | .. | .. |
Range in regional GDP per capita: range | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 39.00 | .. | .. |
Investment rates | Gross fixed capital formation | | 9.32 | 5.07 | 9.62 | 1.39 | 2.28 | 4.06 | .. |
Productivity | Labour productivity levels | GDP per hour worked - USD current prices and PPPs | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 48.60 |
Levels of GDP per capita and labour productivity - Percentage gap with respect to US GDP per capita | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | -14.00 |
Levels of GDP per capita and labour productivity - Effect of labour utilisation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.00 |
Levels of GDP per capita and labour productivity - Percentage gap with respect to US GDP per hour worked | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | -20.00 |
Labour productivity growth | GDP per capita: Percentage change, annual rate | | .. | .. | 2.02 | .. | -0.23 | .. | 0.71 |
GDP per Hour Worked - percentage change annual rate | | .. | .. | 1.03 | .. | 1.10 | .. | -0.09 |
Labour Utilisation | | .. | .. | 0.99 | .. | -1.32 | .. | 0.80 |
Productivity and growth accounting | Contributions to GDP growth: Labour input; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.35 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: ICT capital; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.53 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: IT equipment; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.30 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: telecommunication equipment; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.09 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: software; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.14 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: Non-ICT capital; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.57 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: Multi-factor productivity; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.87 | .. |
Contributions to GDP growth: GDP growth; average annual growth rate 1985-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.33 | .. |
Unit labour costs | Unit labour costs; total economy | | 3.44 | 4.58 | 4.49 | 2.52 | 0.17 | 5.56 | .. |
Labour compensation | Labour compensation per unit labour input; total economy | | 4.31 | 5.58 | 5.43 | 3.03 | 2.60 | 4.70 | .. |
Economic structure | Value added by acivity | Value added in agriculture; hunting and forestry; fishing | | 2.99 | 2.42 | 2.54 | 2.48 | 2.39 | 2.76 | .. |
Value added in industry; including energy | | 21.06 | 20.80 | 20.49 | 21.44 | 19.32 | 20.14 | .. |
Value added in manufacturing | | 11.17 | 10.54 | 10.34 | 9.34 | 8.95 | 8.31 | .. |
Value added in construction | | 7.31 | 7.62 | 7.63 | 7.67 | 7.96 | 7.66 | .. |
Value added in wholesale and retail trade; repairs; hotels and restaurants; transport | | 21.70 | 21.76 | 21.54 | 20.60 | 20.79 | 20.24 | .. |
Value added in financial intermediation; real estate; renting and business activities | | 27.58 | 28.43 | 29.31 | 29.41 | 30.52 | 30.41 | .. |
Value added in other services activities | | 19.35 | 18.97 | 18.49 | 18.39 | 19.01 | 18.80 | .. |
Real value added by activity | Real value added in agriculture, hunting and forestry, fishing | | 2.76 | -15.25 | 6.93 | 17.65 | -1.19 | 9.11 | .. |
Real value added in industry, including energy | | 0.55 | 4.07 | 2.82 | -1.55 | 3.66 | -0.07 | .. |
Real value added in manifacturing | | -0.37 | 1.93 | 4.01 | -5.93 | 1.26 | 0.13 | .. |
Real value added in construction | | 8.21 | 5.35 | 6.99 | 3.00 | 0.54 | 6.33 | .. |
Real value added in distributive trade, repairs, transport; accommodation and food service activities; information and communication | | 2.90 | 4.40 | 4.20 | -0.23 | 1.71 | 1.54 | .. |
Real value added in Real value added in financial and insurance activities; real estate activities; professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service activities | | 4.27 | 5.17 | 4.38 | 1.29 | 3.13 | 3.34 | .. |
Real value added in other services activities | | 2.60 | 3.59 | 2.53 | 4.68 | 2.52 | 1.52 | .. |
Household income and wealth | Income and Savings | National income per capita | Gross national income per capita | | 33 526.97 | 35 168.98 | 37 097.56 | 37 530.59 | 38 429.10 | 39 135.57 | .. |
Household disposable income | Real household disposable income | | 4.45 | 5.49 | 2.69 | 6.92 | .. | .. | .. |
Household savings | Household net saving rates | | 0.39 | 1.30 | 0.50 | 4.54 | 8.92 | 9.17 | .. |
Income inequality and poverty | Income inequality | Income inequality: Gini coefficient; level; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.34 | .. |
Income inequality: Gini coefficient; rank; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.00 | .. |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P10; level; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.55 | .. |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P10; rank; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 24.00 | .. |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P50; level; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.98 | .. |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P90/P50; rank; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23.00 | .. |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P50/P10; level; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.13 | .. |
Income inequality: interdecile ratio P50/P10; rank; late 2000s | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 20.00 | .. |
Household wealth | Household Financial Assets | Currency and deposits (AF2) | | 20.32 | 19.75 | 19.01 | 26.35 | 24.56 | 25.35 | .. |
Securities other than shares (AF33) | | 0.77 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.56 | 0.27 | 0.24 | .. |
Shares and other equity (AF51) | | 17.76 | 18.51 | 17.07 | 11.83 | 12.59 | 10.79 | .. |
Mutual funds shares (AF52) | | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | .. |
Life insurance reserves (AF611) | | 5.10 | 3.20 | 2.61 | 2.77 | 2.20 | 2.30 | .. |
Pension funds (AF612) | | 50.42 | 52.68 | 55.59 | 52.52 | 55.56 | 56.32 | .. |
Household Debt | Households and NPISHs debt | | 156.26 | 160.60 | 170.93 | 167.34 | .. | .. | .. |
Non-Financial Assets by Households | Non-financial assets of households: dwellings | | 39 096.52 | 40 788.95 | 42 469.21 | 42 255.91 | 43 965.20 | 43 696.25 | .. |
Non-financial assets of households: lands | | 78 508.62 | 85 690.79 | 86 849.36 | 77 479.54 | 95 180.80 | 85 325.59 | .. |
Non-financial assets of households: other | | 15 568.48 | 16 417.55 | 16 737.28 | 16 211.58 | 16 814.76 | 16 215.06 | .. |
Globalisation | Trade | Share of international trade in GDP | International imports in goods and services | | 21.17 | 21.12 | 21.95 | 22.14 | 19.98 | 19.74 | .. |
International exports in goods and services | | 19.70 | 20.02 | 19.88 | 22.73 | 19.62 | 21.23 | .. |
International trade in goods | Trade balance of goods | | -12.83 | -9.33 | -16.86 | -4.71 | -5.12 | 18.55 | 11.31 |
Imports of goods | | 118.86 | 132.65 | 157.80 | 191.59 | 158.94 | 193.28 | 234.32 |
Exports of goods | | 106.03 | 123.32 | 140.95 | 186.88 | 153.82 | 211.83 | 245.63 |
International trade in services | Trade balance of services | | 0.06 | 1.03 | 0.65 | -3.96 | -0.71 | -3.54 | -9.18 |
Imports of services | | 30.56 | 32.44 | 40.36 | 47.93 | 41.56 | 51.11 | 60.85 |
Exports of services | | 30.63 | 33.47 | 41.01 | 43.97 | 40.84 | 47.57 | 51.68 |
Trading partners | Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise imports | | 1.06 | .. | .. | .. | 1.41 | 1.52 | .. |
Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise exports | | 1.03 | .. | .. | .. | 1.11 | 1.13 | .. |
Partner countries and regions of OECD merchandise trade | | 1.05 | .. | .. | .. | 1.26 | 1.33 | .. |
FDI and balance of payments | Foreign direct investment | Outward FDI stocks | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 343 908.32 | 414 298.20 | 382 196.83 |
Inward FDI stocks | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 428 611.41 | 515 981.30 | 554 986.80 |
Outflows of foreign direct investment | | .. | 25 410.80 | 16 854.92 | 33 468.89 | 16 693.18 | 27 279.40 | 16 197.01 |
Inflows of foreign direct investment | | .. | 31 070.00 | 45 529.62 | 47 007.93 | 26 553.58 | 33 969.00 | 67 470.86 |
Total FDI Index | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.13 |
Primary sector | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.08 |
Manufacturing | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.08 |
Electricity | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.08 |
Distribution | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.08 |
Transport | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.27 |
Media | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.20 |
Communications | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.40 |
Financial services | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.13 |
Business services | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.08 |
Balance of payments | Current account balance | | -5.73 | -5.33 | -6.18 | -4.44 | -4.17 | -2.89 | -2.26 |
Prices | Prices and interest rates | Inflation (CPI) | CPI: all items | | 2.67 | 3.54 | 2.33 | 4.35 | 1.82 | 2.85 | 3.39 |
CPI: all items non food non energy | | 2.20 | 2.08 | 2.52 | 3.63 | 2.45 | 2.68 | 2.32 |
CPI: food | | 2.00 | 9.54 | 1.79 | 4.29 | 3.35 | 1.23 | 5.64 |
CPI: energy | | 10.23 | 9.74 | 1.20 | 12.71 | -7.56 | 8.06 | 11.01 |
Producer price indices | PPI: domestic manufacturing | | 5.96 | 7.93 | 2.35 | 8.29 | -5.43 | 1.92 | 3.38 |
Long-term interest rates | Long-term interest rates | | 5.34 | 5.59 | 5.99 | 5.82 | 5.04 | 5.37 | 4.88 |
Purchasing power parities and exchange rates | Rates of conversion | Purchasing power parities | | 1.39 | 1.41 | 1.43 | 1.48 | 1.46 | 1.53 | 1.56 |
Exchange rates | | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.28 | 1.09 | 0.97 |
Indices of price levels | | 104.38 | 106.28 | 115.34 | 117.01 | 112.34 | 136.61 | 151.53 |
Real effective exchange rates | Real effective exchange rates | | 100.00 | 99.85 | 105.88 | 103.81 | 100.58 | 114.91 | 123.20 |
Energy and transportation | Energy requirement | Energy supply | Total primary energy supply | | 114.20 | 116.00 | 119.80 | 124.20 | 126.00 | 124.70 | 119.80 |
Energy intensity | Total primary energy supply per unit of GDP | | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation | | 228.30 | 232.50 | 242.90 | 243.10 | 244.40 | 241.50 | 238.50 |
Nuclear energy | Nuclear electricity generation; Terawatt hours | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | | .. |
Nuclear electricity generation; As a percentage of total electricity generation | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | | .. |
Renewable energy | Contribution of renewables to energy supply | | 5.60 | 5.70 | 5.70 | 5.70 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 6.10 |
Oil production | Production of crude oil | | 24.10 | 22.00 | 24.50 | 22.60 | 23.70 | 22.50 | 19.40 |
Oil prices | Crude oil import prices | | 56.71 | 66.71 | 77.13 | 107.83 | 63.40 | 82.60 | 115.66 |
Transport | Goods transport | Goods transport | | 349 439.00 | 362 383.00 | 387 229.00 | 410 036.00 | 397 965.00 | 415 500.00 | .. |
Passenger transport | Passenger transport | | 294 002.00 | 293 284.00 | 296 539.00 | 297 352.00 | 297 457.00 | 296 057.63 | .. |
Road fatalities | Road fatalities | | 81.00 | 78.00 | 77.00 | 68.00 | 70.00 | 61.00 | .. |
Labour | Employment and hours worked | Employment rates | Employment rates: total | | 71.53 | 72.16 | 72.85 | 73.21 | 72.03 | 72.40 | 72.70 |
Employment rates: men | | 78.48 | 78.82 | 79.57 | 79.67 | 77.77 | 78.59 | 78.70 |
Employment rates: women | | 64.60 | 65.50 | 66.14 | 66.74 | 66.28 | 66.18 | 66.70 |
Employment rates by age group | Employment rates for age group 15-24 | | 63.28 | 63.74 | 64.19 | 64.55 | 61.24 | 60.69 | 60.66 |
Employment rates for age group 25-54 | | 78.75 | 79.22 | 79.97 | 80.31 | 79.14 | 79.50 | 79.85 |
Employment rates for age group 55-64 | | 53.52 | 55.46 | 56.61 | 57.38 | 59.02 | 60.64 | 61.14 |
Part-time employment | Incidence of part-time employment | | 24.00 | 23.93 | 23.75 | 23.80 | 24.67 | 24.89 | 24.73 |
Self-employment | Self-employment rates: women | | 9.71 | 9.17 | 8.89 | 8.88 | 8.77 | 8.87 | .. |
Self-employment rates: men | | 15.15 | 14.71 | 14.24 | 13.88 | 14.06 | 13.90 | .. |
Self-employment rates: total | | 12.71 | 12.22 | 11.83 | 11.62 | 11.65 | 11.62 | .. |
Employment by region | Regional difference in the employment rate of women: maximum | | .. | .. | 75.31 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hours worked | Average hours actually worked | | 1 725.00 | 1 714.60 | 1 710.60 | 1 715.70 | 1 685.20 | 1 686.80 | 1 692.80 |
Unemployment | Unemployment rates | Unemployment rates, women | | 5.23 | 4.94 | 4.78 | 4.58 | 5.42 | 5.38 | 5.32 |
Unemployment rates, men | | 4.89 | 4.67 | 4.05 | 3.97 | 5.73 | 5.11 | 4.91 |
Unemployment rates, total | | 5.05 | 4.79 | 4.38 | 4.25 | 5.59 | 5.23 | 5.10 |
Long-term unemployment | Long-term unemployment | | 18.26 | 18.13 | 15.37 | 14.87 | 14.69 | 18.49 | 18.91 |
Unemployment by region | Gini index of regional unemployment rates | | .. | .. | 0.12 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Regional variation of the youth unemployment rate: maximum | | .. | .. | 8.40 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Regional variation of the youth unemployment rate: minimum | | .. | .. | 2.60 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Regional variation of the youth unemployment rate: maximum-minimum | | .. | .. | 5.80 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Regional variation of the long-term unemployment rate: maximum | | .. | .. | 1.03 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Regional variation of the long-term unemployment rate: minimum | | .. | .. | 0.20 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Regional variation of the long-term unemployment rate: maximum-minimum | | .. | .. | 0.84 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Science and technology | Research and Development | Expenditure on R&D | Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | | .. | 14 902.50 | .. | 17 643.61 | .. | .. | .. |
Researchers | Researchers | | .. | 8.46 | .. | 8.46 | .. | .. | .. |
Patents | Triadic patent families | | 341.98 | 331.85 | 317.93 | 303.55 | 286.72 | 284.07 | .. |
Biotechnology | Biotechnology R&D expenditures in the business sector; million US dollars; current prices and PPPs | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 119.28 | .. |
Biotechnology R&D expenditures in the business sector; as a percentage of total business enterprise R&D | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.09 | .. |
Biotechnology R&D expenditures in the business sector; as a percentage of industry value added | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.02 | .. |
Information and communications | Size of the ICT sector | Share of ICT value added in business sector value added | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.72 | .. | .. |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT value added in business sector value added entre 1995-2008 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -0.84 | .. | .. |
Share of ICT specialists in the total economy | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.66 | .. | .. |
Percentage point change in the share of ICT specialists in the total economy between 1995 and 2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | -0.03 | .. | .. |
Investment in ICT | Shares of ICT investment in non-residential gross fixed capital formation | | 15.34 | 14.64 | 14.21 | 13.79 | .. | .. | .. |
Exports of ICT goods | Exports of ICT goods | | 1 781.00 | 1 788.00 | 1 918.00 | 2 076.00 | 1 646.00 | 1 992.00 | 2 043.00 |
Computer; internet and telecommunication | Percentage of households with access to home computers | | 70.00 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 82.60 | .. |
Percentage of households with access to the internet | | 60.00 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 78.90 | .. |
Fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants | | 13.23 | .. | 22.83 | .. | 23.10 | .. | 24.57 |
Environment | Water and Natural resources | Water consumption | Water abstractions per capita | | 920.00 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 640.00 | .. |
Total abstractions | | 18 770.00 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14 100.00 | .. |
Fisheries | Fish landings in domestic and foreign ports | | 236.30 | 188.51 | 181.64 | 172.38 | .. | .. | .. |
Aquaculture | | 46.62 | 61.15 | 64.03 | 70.09 | .. | .. | .. |
Air and land | Emissions of Carbon Dioxide | CO2 emissions from fuel combustion | | 369.00 | 374.00 | 384.00 | 386.00 | 384.00 | 383.00 | .. |
Education | Outcomes | International student assessment | Mean scores on the science scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 527.72 | .. | .. |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.84 | .. | .. |
Mean scores on the science scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 526.80 | .. | .. |
Standard error on the science scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.13 | .. | .. |
Mean scores on the mathematics scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 509.48 | .. | .. |
Standard error on the mathematics scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.83 | .. | .. |
Mean scores on the mathematics scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 519.42 | .. | .. |
Standard error on the mathematics scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.00 | .. | .. |
Mean scores on the reading scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 532.85 | .. | .. |
Standard error on the reading scale in PISA 2009: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.64 | .. | .. |
Mean scores on the reading scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 496.14 | .. | .. |
Standard error on the reading scale in PISA 2009: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.88 | .. | .. |
Disadvantages in Schools | Correlation between immigrant student performance in reading and concentration measures in schools: Percentage of immigrant students in schools; Corr. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 66.03 | .. | .. |
Correlation between immigrant student performance in reading and concentration measures in schools: Percentage of immigrant students in schools; S.E. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.28 | .. | .. |
Correlation between immigrant student performance in reading and concentration measures in schools: Percentage of immigrant students speaking another language at home; Corr. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 52.64 | .. | .. |
Correlation between immigrant student performance in reading and concentration measures in schools:Percentage of immigrant students speaking another language at home; S.E. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.26 | .. | .. |
Correlation between immigrant student performance in reading and concentration measures in schools: Percentage of students with low educated mothers; Corr. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.65 | .. | .. |
Correlation between immigrant student performance in reading and concentration measures in schools:Percentage of students with low educated mothers; S.E. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.95 | .. | .. |
Immigrant students with low educated mothers in disadvantaged schools; as a percentage of all students with low educated mother; % | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16.61 | .. | .. |
Immigrant students with low educated mothers in disadvantaged schools; as a percentage of all students with low educated mother; S.E. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.30 | .. | .. |
Non-immigrant students with low educated mothers in disadvantaged schools; as a percentage of all students with low educated mother; % | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 470.90 | .. | .. |
Non-immigrant students with low educated mothers in disadvantaged schools; as a percentage of all students with low educated mother; S.E. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.28 | .. | .. |
Immigrant students with highly educated mothers in disadvantaged schools; as a percentage of all students with highly educated mothers; % | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 541.36 | .. | .. |
Immigrant students with highly educated mothers in disadvantaged schools; as a percentage of all students with highly educated mothers; S.E. | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.75 | .. | .. |
Career Aspirations for 15 Year Olds | Percentage of 15-year-old boys planning to work in International Standard Classification of Occupations major occupational | | .. | 49.58 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old boys planning to work in International Standard Classification of Occupations major occupational - S.E. | | .. | 1.15 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old girls planning to work in International Standard Classification of Occupations major occupational | | .. | 59.42 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old girls planning to work in International Standard Classification of Occupations major occupational - S.E. | | .. | 0.86 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old boys planning a career in engineering and computing - including architects | | .. | 16.29 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old boys planning a career in engineering and computing - including architects - S.E. | | .. | 0.65 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old girls planning a career in engineering and computing - including architects | | .. | 2.82 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old girls planning a career in engineering and computing - including architects - S.E. | | .. | 0.20 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old boys expecting employment in health and services - including nurses & midwifes | | .. | 8.25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old boys expecting employment in health and services - including nurses & midwifes - S.E. | | .. | 0.50 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old girls expecting employment in health and services - including nurses & midwifes | | .. | 18.28 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Percentage of 15-year-old girls expecting employment in health and services - including nurses & midwifes - S.E. | | .. | 0.59 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Youth inactivity | Youths who are not in education nor in employment: aged between 15 and 19 | | .. | 7.05 | 6.49 | 6.31 | 8.34 | 8.06 | .. |
Youths who are not in education nor in employment: aged between 20 and 24 | | .. | 11.49 | 10.74 | 10.71 | 11.58 | 11.21 | .. |
How many students study abroad? | The impact of international students/foreign students on graduation rate at tertiary-type A level | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16.33 | .. |
The impact of foreign students and international students on graduation rate at tertiary-type A level | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.00 | .. |
Education attainment | Population with tertiary education; 25-64 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 37.60 | .. |
Population with tertiary education; 25-34 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 44.37 | .. |
Population with tertiary education; 35-44 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 39.53 | .. |
Population with tertiary education; 45-54 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 34.82 | .. |
Population with tertiary education; 55-64 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 29.63 | .. |
Population aged 25-64 with below upper secondary level of education | | 34.97 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.79 | .. |
Population aged 25-64 with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level of education | | 33.34 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 35.60 | .. |
Population aged 25-64 with tertiary level of education | | 31.69 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 37.60 | .. |
Resources | Educational expenditure per student | Expenditure per student in primary; secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education - USD 2009 PPPs | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9 139.20 | .. | .. |
Expenditure in primary; secondary and post-secondary non-tertiray education | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 127.04 | .. | .. |
Number of students in primary; secondary and post-secondary non-tertiray education | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 99.74 | .. | .. |
Expenditure per student in primary; secondary and post-secondary non-tertiray education - 2005=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 127.37 | .. | .. |
Expenditure per student in tertiary education: 2010 constant prices | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16 074.18 | .. | .. |
Expenditure in tertiary education | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 123.57 | .. | .. |
Number of students in tertiary education | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 116.82 | .. | .. |
Expenditure per student in tertiary education | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 105.78 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure in tertiary education | Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions; public sources - % total expenditures | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 45.42 | .. | .. |
Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions total private sources | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 54.58 | .. | .. |
Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions; private sources; household expenditure | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 39.13 | .. | .. |
Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions; private sources; expenditure of other private entities | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 15.45 | .. | .. |
Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions; total private sources of which subsidies | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.47 | .. | .. |
Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions; public sources - Index 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 135.04 | .. | .. |
Public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions; private sources | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 161.42 | .. | .. |
Education expenditure | Public expenditure on education: primary; secondary and post-secondary non tertiary education - as % of GDP | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.62 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on education: primary; secondary and post-secondary non tertiary education - as % of GDP | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.61 | .. | .. |
Public expenditure on education: tertiary education - as % of GDP | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.74 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on education: tertiary education - as % of GDP | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.87 | .. | .. |
Public expenditure on education: all levels of education - as % of GDP | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.47 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on education: all levels of education - as % of GDP | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.53 | .. | .. |
Public expenditure on education: primary; secondary and post-secondary non tertiary education - Index of change 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 154.95 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on education: primary; secondary and post-secondary non tertiary education - Index of change 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 150.42 | .. | .. |
Public expenditure on education: tertiary education - Index of change 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 135.04 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on education: tertiary education - Index of change 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 161.42 | .. | .. |
Public expenditure on education: all levels of education - Index of change 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 150.79 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on education: all levels of education - Index of change 2000=100 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 157.86 | .. | .. |
Government | Government deficits and debt | Government expenditures; revenues and deficits | General government net lending | | 1.58 | 1.28 | 1.51 | -3.25 | -5.32 | .. | .. |
General government revenues | | 35.52 | 35.03 | 35.10 | 32.89 | 31.62 | .. | .. |
General government expenditures | | 33.94 | 33.75 | 33.59 | 36.14 | 36.94 | .. | .. |
Government debt | General government debt | | 28.54 | 27.15 | 25.95 | 27.16 | 36.34 | 40.86 | .. |
General government | General government expenditures and revenues per capita | General government revenues per capita | | 12 389.00 | .. | 13 600.00 | .. | .. | 12 725.00 | .. |
General government expenditures per capita | | 11 839.00 | .. | 13 016.00 | .. | .. | 14 865.00 | .. |
General government production costs | Production costs for general government, total | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 19.60 | .. |
Production costs for general government; compensation of employees | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10.10 | .. |
Production costs for general government; costs of goods and services used and financed by general government | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.40 | .. |
Production costs for general government; consumption of fixed capital | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.10 | .. |
Government transparency | Disclosure of Conflict of Interest | Level of disclosure of private interests by ministers or cabinet members: Activity is prohibited | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by ministers or cabinet members: Information is disclosed and publicly available | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 75.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by ministers or cabinet members: Information is disclosed and not publicly available | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by ministers or cabinet members: Disclosure is not required | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 25.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by legislators in the lower house: Activity is prohibited | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by legislators in the lower house: Information is disclosed and publicly available | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 75.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by legislators in the lower house: Information is disclosed and not publicly available | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.00 | .. |
Level of disclosure of private interests by legislators in the lower house: Disclosure is not required | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 25.00 | .. |
Public expenditure | Social expenditure | Public social expenditure | | 16.51 | 16.46 | 16.36 | 17.84 | 17.82 | 17.91 | 18.15 |
Private social expenditure | | 2.94 | 2.93 | 3.76 | 3.25 | 3.13 | .. | .. |
Net social expenditure | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 19.93 | .. | .. |
Pension expenditure | Public pension expenditure | | 3.34 | 3.34 | 3.35 | 3.56 | 3.49 | .. | .. |
Private pension expenditure | | 3.68 | 3.89 | 3.39 | 5.54 | 4.64 | 4.46 | .. |
Agricultural support and foreign aid | Government support for agriculture | Agricultural producer support estimate by country | | 3.60 | 4.50 | 5.10 | 4.40 | 3.10 | 2.60 | 3.00 |
Government support for fishing | Government financial transfers to fishing | | 38 420.49 | 45 771.98 | 57 954.31 | 66 958.63 | .. | 55 605.72 | .. |
Official development assistance | Net official development assistance; as a percentage of gross national income | | .. | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
Net official development assistance; Millions of USD | | .. | 2 123.22 | 2 668.52 | 2 954.07 | 2 761.61 | 3 826.10 | 4 798.63 |
Taxes | Total tax revenue | Total tax revenue | | 29.78 | 29.34 | 29.43 | 27.05 | 25.94 | .. | .. |
Taxes on income and profits | | 17.59 | 17.35 | 17.59 | 16.04 | 14.56 | .. | .. |
Taxes on goods and services | | 8.28 | 7.96 | 7.83 | 7.41 | 7.56 | .. | .. |
Taxes on the average worker | Taxes on the average worker | | 28.51 | 28.28 | 27.70 | 26.93 | 26.75 | 26.83 | 26.65 |
Health | Health status | Life expectancy | Life expectancy at birth: women | | 83.30 | 83.50 | 83.70 | 83.70 | 83.90 | 84.00 | .. |
Life expectancy at birth: men | | 78.50 | 78.70 | 79.00 | 79.20 | 79.30 | 79.50 | .. |
Life expectancy at birth: total | | 80.90 | 81.10 | 81.30 | 81.50 | 81.60 | 81.80 | .. |
Infant mortality | Infant mortality rate, 2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.10 | .. |
Infant mortality average annual rate of decline 1970-2010 | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.60 | .. |
Infant mortality in selected OECD countries | | 5.00 | 4.70 | 4.20 | 4.10 | 4.30 | 4.10 | .. |
Suicides | Suicide rates by gender: both men and women | | 4.30 | 4.80 | 5.10 | 4.50 | 4.90 | 4.80 | .. |
Suicide rates by gender: men | | 16.70 | 16.30 | 16.70 | 17.40 | 16.30 | 16.70 | .. |
Suicide rates by gender: women | | 10.30 | 10.40 | 10.80 | 10.80 | 10.50 | 10.60 | .. |
Risk factors | Smoking | Adult population smoking daily | | .. | .. | 16.60 | .. | .. | 15.10 | .. |
Adult population smoking daily: women | | .. | .. | 15.20 | .. | .. | 13.90 | .. |
Adult population smoking daily: men | | .. | .. | 18.00 | .. | .. | 16.40 | .. |
Alcohol consumption | Alcohol consumption among population aged 15 and over | | 10.30 | 10.60 | 10.60 | 10.40 | 10.30 | .. | .. |
Overweight and obesity | Overweight population aged 15 or more: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 31.00 | .. |
Obese population aged 15 or more: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23.60 | .. |
Overweight and obese population aged 15 or more: women | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 54.70 | .. |
Overweight population aged 15 or more: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 42.20 | .. |
Obese population aged 15 or more: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 25.50 | .. |
Overweight and obese population aged 15 or more: men | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 67.70 | .. |
Overweight population aged 15 or more | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 36.70 | .. |
Obese population aged 15 or more | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 24.60 | .. |
Overweight and obese population aged 15 or more | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 61.20 | .. |
Resources | Health expenditure | Public expenditure on health | | 5.63 | 5.63 | 5.72 | 5.93 | 6.23 | .. | .. |
Private expenditure on health | | 2.79 | 2.83 | 2.75 | 2.81 | 2.86 | .. | .. |
Total expenditure on health | | 8.42 | 8.46 | 8.48 | 8.74 | 9.10 | .. | .. |