External sectors, trade and payments | Current account balance as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 3.993 | 3.547 | 3.290 | 2.094 | 1.929 | 1.957 | -1.006 | 1.657 | 1.624 | -1.940 | -0.081 | 0.955 | 0.772 | 1.383 | 0.552 |
Exchange rate, national currency per USD | Euro | | 1.061 | 0.885 | 0.805 | 0.805 | 0.797 | 0.730 | 0.684 | 0.720 | 0.755 | 0.719 | 0.778 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.901 | 0.904 |
Imports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 237 723 442 439.959 | 241 205 066 078.309 | 256 296 539 860.604 | 273 362 930 811.881 | 287 414 799 320.391 | 302 970 045 786.189 | 314 293 643 891.034 | 280 464 866 092.021 | 307 635 510 221.901 | 324 940 444 539.093 | 322 748 064 580.718 | 322 056 843 571.574 | 339 862 164 205.177 | 353 162 898 487.059 | 379 480 334 019.777 |
Goods and services trade, volume in USD | US Dollar, 2015 | | 243 477 958 286.092 | 247 231 697 518.262 | 262 621 694 391.378 | 278 553 743 204.555 | 293 666 331 841.297 | 309 604 381 665.535 | 318 129 429 906.681 | 283 058 757 455.359 | 311 554 385 882.573 | 327 511 411 074.160 | 325 612 601 649.780 | 325 846 075 250.792 | 343 314 077 290.233 | 356 416 461 975.386 | 380 728 650 235.128 |
Exports of goods and services, volume in USD (national accounts basis) | US Dollar, 2015 | | 249 232 474 132.227 | 253 258 328 958.216 | 268 946 848 922.152 | 283 744 555 597.231 | 299 917 864 362.203 | 316 238 717 544.881 | 321 965 215 922.328 | 285 652 648 818.696 | 315 473 261 543.247 | 330 082 377 609.227 | 328 477 138 718.842 | 329 635 306 930.010 | 346 765 990 375.288 | 359 670 025 463.713 | 381 976 966 450.479 |
Government accounts | Gross public debt, Maastricht criterion as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | 105.437 | 101.661 | 97.172 | 95.140 | 91.491 | 87.326 | 93.162 | 100.217 | 100.273 | 103.495 | 104.811 | 105.486 | 107.042 | 105.232 | 105.007 |
General government gross financial liabilities as a percentage of GDP | Ratio | | 119.534 | 115.747 | 111.365 | 108.986 | 101.066 | 94.635 | 102.512 | 110.874 | 108.808 | 111.727 | 121.094 | 118.759 | 130.800 | 126.512 | 127.790 |
General government net lending as a percentage of GDP | Percentage | | -0.044 | -1.864 | -0.239 | -2.715 | 0.240 | 0.066 | -1.095 | -5.431 | -4.088 | -4.330 | -4.318 | -3.129 | -3.056 | -2.414 | -2.363 |
Expenditure and GDP | Government final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 84 266 000 000.000 | 85 840 000 000.000 | 87 903 000 000.000 | 88 221 000 000.000 | 88 879 000 000.000 | 90 591 000 000.000 | 93 399 000 000.000 | 94 874 000 000.000 | 95 227 000 000.000 | 95 689 000 000.000 | 96 823 000 000.000 | 96 956 000 000.000 | 98 131 000 000.000 | 98 403 000 000.000 | 98 862 000 000.000 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 178 598 000 000.000 | 179 879 000 000.000 | 181 790 000 000.000 | 184 439 000 000.000 | 187 714 000 000.000 | 191 625 000 000.000 | 194 252 000 000.000 | 195 397 000 000.000 | 201 276 000 000.000 | 203 018 000 000.000 | 205 998 000 000.000 | 209 435 000 000.000 | 210 592 000 000.000 | 213 929 000 000.000 | 217 288 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, nominal value, market prices | Euro | | 273 253 000 000.000 | 281 196 000 000.000 | 296 813 000 000.000 | 310 045 000 000.000 | 325 163 000 000.000 | 343 615 000 000.000 | 351 733 000 000.000 | 346 473 000 000.000 | 363 140 000 000.000 | 375 968 000 000.000 | 386 173 999 999.999 | 392 880 000 000.000 | 403 002 999 999.999 | 416 701 000 000.000 | 430 084 000 000.000 |
Gross domestic product, volume, market prices | Euro, 2015 | | 338 922 000 000.000 | 342 440 000 000.000 | 354 666 000 000.000 | 362 918 000 000.000 | 372 184 000 000.000 | 385 852 000 000.000 | 387 569 000 000.000 | 379 748 000 000.000 | 390 625 000 000.000 | 397 245 000 000.000 | 400 181 000 000.000 | 402 019 000 000.000 | 408 366 000 000.000 | 416 702 000 000.000 | 421 980 000 000.000 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume | Euro, 2015 | | 70 618 000 000.000 | 70 524 000 000.000 | 76 892 000 000.000 | 81 305 000 000.000 | 82 854 000 000.000 | 88 886 000 000.000 | 90 582 000 000.000 | 84 583 000 000.000 | 84 588 000 000.000 | 89 004 000 000.000 | 89 582 000 000.000 | 87 548 000 000.000 | 92 237 000 000.000 | 95 688 000 000.000 | 99 666 000 000.000 |
Selected variables: ready-made growth rates | Government final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.291 | 1.868 | 2.403 | 0.362 | 0.746 | 1.926 | 3.100 | 1.579 | 0.372 | 0.485 | 1.185 | 0.137 | 1.212 | 0.277 | 0.466 |
Harmonised headline inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.548 | 1.517 | 1.857 | 2.537 | 2.328 | 1.816 | 4.489 | -0.006 | 2.334 | 3.353 | 2.626 | 1.248 | 0.490 | 0.620 | 1.770 |
Private final consumption expenditure, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 0.611 | 0.717 | 1.062 | 1.457 | 1.776 | 2.083 | 1.371 | 0.589 | 3.009 | 0.865 | 1.468 | 1.668 | 0.552 | 1.585 | 1.570 |
Gross domestic product, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.706 | 1.038 | 3.570 | 2.327 | 2.553 | 3.672 | 0.445 | -2.018 | 2.864 | 1.695 | 0.739 | 0.459 | 1.579 | 2.041 | 1.267 |
Gross fixed capital formation, total, volume, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | -4.130 | -0.133 | 9.030 | 5.739 | 1.905 | 7.280 | 1.908 | -6.623 | 0.006 | 5.221 | 0.649 | -2.271 | 5.356 | 3.741 | 4.157 |
Imports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.063 | 1.465 | 6.257 | 6.659 | 5.140 | 5.412 | 3.738 | -10.763 | 9.688 | 5.625 | -0.675 | -0.214 | 5.529 | 3.914 | 7.452 |
Harmonised core inflation | Percentage, 2015 | | 2.159 | 1.475 | 1.276 | 1.265 | 1.540 | 1.432 | 1.828 | 2.092 | 1.149 | 1.527 | 1.861 | 1.507 | 1.458 | 1.633 | 1.753 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator, growth | Percentage, 2015 | | 1.640 | 1.850 | 1.915 | 2.083 | 2.265 | 1.931 | 1.909 | 0.533 | 1.892 | 1.807 | 1.961 | 1.271 | 0.982 | 1.331 | 1.921 |
Exports of goods and services, volume, growth (national accounts basis) | Percentage, 2015 | | 3.449 | 1.615 | 6.195 | 5.502 | 5.700 | 5.442 | 1.811 | -11.278 | 10.439 | 4.631 | -0.486 | 0.353 | 5.197 | 3.721 | 6.202 |
Prices and deflators | Consumer price index, harmonised | Index, 2015 | | 0.780 | 0.792 | 0.806 | 0.827 | 0.846 | 0.861 | 0.900 | 0.900 | 0.921 | 0.952 | 0.977 | 0.989 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 1.018 |
Gross domestic product, market prices, deflator | Index, 2015 | | 0.806 | 0.821 | 0.837 | 0.854 | 0.874 | 0.891 | 0.908 | 0.912 | 0.930 | 0.946 | 0.965 | 0.977 | 0.987 | 1.000 | 1.019 |
Imports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.832 | 0.823 | 0.847 | 0.885 | 0.914 | 0.933 | 0.995 | 0.912 | 0.971 | 1.037 | 1.067 | 1.063 | 1.039 | 1.000 | 0.984 |
Exports of goods and services, deflator (national accounts basis) | Index, 2015 | | 0.862 | 0.850 | 0.868 | 0.900 | 0.924 | 0.944 | 0.980 | 0.926 | 0.969 | 1.020 | 1.049 | 1.049 | 1.029 | 1.000 | 0.992 |
Labour markets | Total employment (labour force survey basis) | Persons | | 4 242 550.000 | 4 240 325.000 | 4 283 975.000 | 4 345 900.000 | 4 396 375.000 | 4 470 200.000 | 4 549 125.000 | 4 542 525.000 | 4 573 075.000 | 4 633 600.000 | 4 652 975.000 | 4 638 875.000 | 4 657 575.000 | 4 698 000.000 | 4 756 200.000 |
Labour force | Persons | | 4 587 811.386 | 4 617 853.422 | 4 676 083.106 | 4 748 319.391 | 4 792 561.027 | 4 832 215.298 | 4 889 862.620 | 4 937 085.347 | 4 991 982.020 | 4 994 034.827 | 5 038 517.654 | 5 072 583.499 | 5 099 535.778 | 5 143 357.310 | 5 161 379.750 |
Unemployment rate | Percentage | | 7.526 | 8.175 | 8.385 | 8.475 | 8.267 | 7.492 | 6.968 | 7.992 | 8.392 | 7.217 | 7.652 | 8.550 | 8.667 | 8.659 | 7.850 |
Monetary data | Long-term interest rate on government bonds | Percentage | | 4.987 | 4.181 | 4.153 | 3.428 | 3.815 | 4.328 | 4.418 | 3.902 | 3.463 | 4.233 | 3.000 | 2.410 | 1.713 | 0.840 | 0.476 |
Short-term interest rate | Percentage | | 3.319 | 2.333 | 2.106 | 2.185 | 3.079 | 4.278 | 4.634 | 1.228 | 0.811 | 1.391 | 0.573 | 0.221 | 0.210 | -0.019 | -0.264 |